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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
y
VOLUME XLII
2rA\\
oA-
Hall of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphl\
logan square
1910
LIST OF PAPERS
Alexander (Charles P.)
New or Little-known Crane-flies from Colombia,
Ecuador and Peru (Tipulidae, Diptera) ... 1
(Issued February 7, 1916.)
Bradley (James Chester)
Contributions toward a Monograph of the Mutillidae
and their Allies of America north of Mexico. I. A
Revision of Ephuta Say, a Genus of Mutillidae
equivalent to the Species Group Scrupea of Fox . 187
(Issued June 24, 1916.)
Contributions toward a Monograph of the Mutillidae
and their Allies of America north of Mexico. II. A
Revision of Timulla Ashmead, a Subgenus of Mu-
tilla equivalent to the Species Group Hexagona of
Fox 199
(Issued June 24, 1916.)
Contril)utions toward a Monograph of the Mutillidae
and their Allies of America north of Mexico. III.
The Mutillidae of the Eastern United States 309
(Issued October 3, 1916.)
Cresson (E. T.), Jr.
Studies in American Ephydridae (Diptera). I. Re-
vision of the Species of the Genus Paralimna 101
(Issued March 7, 1916.)
Dietz (William G.)
Synoptical Table of the North American Species of
Ormosia Rondani (Rhypholophus Kolenati), with
Descriptions of New Species (Diptera) . • 135
(Issued April 15, 1916.)
Hebard (Morgan)
The (ienus Ceratinoptera (Orthoptera, Blattidac,
Pseutlomopinae) . . . ... .125
(Issued April 8, 1916.)
11 LIST OF PAPERS
A New Genus, Cariblatta, of the Group Blattellites
(Orthoptera, Blattidae) ..... 147
(Issued April 26, 1916.)
Studies in the Group Ischnopterites (Orthoptera,
Blattidae, Pseudomopinae) .... 337
(Issued November 15, 1916.)
See Rehn and Hebard.
JOHANNSEN (0. A.)
New Eastern Anthomyiidae (Diptera) . . . 385
(Issued November 20, 1916.)
MiCKEL (Clarence E.)
New Species of Hymenoptera of the Superfamily
Sphecoidea ...... 399
(Issued December 15, 1916.)
Rehn (James A. G.)
The Stanford Expedition to Brazil, 1911. J. C. Bran-
ner, Director. Dermaptera and Orthoptera I 215
(Issued September 23, 1916.)
Rehn (James A. G.) and Hebard (Morgan)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera).
VII. A Revision of the Species of the Genus At-
lanticus (Decticinae) ..... 33
(Issued March 6, 1916.)
INDEX
The names of new genera and of new species are followed by the name of
the author.
PAGE
Abila smaragdipes 293
Abracris caeruleipennis 295
dilecta 294
obliqua 293
Acanthops falcataria 263
Acontiothespis Rehn 258
brevipennis 258
Acontista brevipennis 258
Acrididae 267
Acridinae 275
Acridium consors 293
Acrydiinae 267
Acrydium acuminatum 281
albipes 284
flavo-fasciatum 304
flavo-lineatum 295
hamatum 270
latreillei 284
punctatum 277
Agama 191
Algete brunneri 282
Allotettix peruvianus 269
Amorphopus antennatus 267
Anaplecta anahsignata Rehn . . 222
grandipennis 222
Anisolabis annulipes 218
Anthomyiidae 386
(key to subfamilies) 385
Anthomyiinae 386, 387
Aporosa insignis 10
tibialis 13
Aricia nigricans ./o//«?(M«n. . . . 395
Arifinae 386,393
Arhipidia annulicornis 9
domestica 9
vicina Alexander 8
Astatinae 400
Atarba (key to certain species) 15
brunneicornis Alexander 15, 16
coluiul)iana 15
PAGE
Atarlia picticornis 16
varicornis 16
Atlanticus 33
(key to species) 46
americanus 46, 72
calcaratus Rehn and
Hebard 46, 93
davisi Rehn and Ilehard 47, 58
dorsalis 46, 53, 58, 73, 87
gibbosus 46, 82, 87
glaber 46, 91
monticola 47, 67
pachymorus 47, 48, 53, 58, 67
testaceus 47
Audreia heusseriana 236
Bembicidae 418
Blaberinae 242
Blaliera brasiliana 243
parobolica 243
scutata 243
Blaberus bioUeyi 244
brasilianus 243
parabolicus 243
scutatus 243
Blatta abdomen-nigrum 237
adspersicoUis 230
americana 237
australasiae 238
bicolor 369
brunnea 236
cajMtata 361
cinerea 239
delicatula 158
insularis 175
pacifica 245
pellucida 230
punctulata 147, 158
refloxa 242
reticulosa 157
INDEX
Blatta rufa 346
rufescens 346
variegata 235
Blattidae 222
Blattinae 237
Blepharipus utensis Mickel . . . 421
Brachystegus maculipes Mickel 400
trichrus Mickel 400
Bruesia 191,310,311,312,316
bexar 322
harmonia 321
Bulla serratus 283
Caletodes 296
Cardioptera minor Rehn 263
Cariblatta Hebard 147
(key to species) 153
aediculata Hebard 154, 156, 179
craticula Hebard 153, 156, 163
cuprea Hebard 153, 156, 172
fossicauda Hebard 154, 156, 177
imitans Hebard. .154, 156, 180
insularis 154, 155, 175
lutea 154, 155, 165
minima Hebard 154, 155, 170
personata Rehn 228
punctipennis Hebard. .156, 173
punctulata. . . 147, 153, 155, 158
reticulosa 153, 155, 157
Ceratinoptera 125
lutea 165
nahua 131
picta 129
tropaia Hebard 133
Cercerinae 408
Cerceris arbuscula Mickel 410
architis Mickel 409
argia Mickel 412
cognata Mickel 408
conifrons Mickel 410
crucis 410, 412
echo Mickel 412
flavofasciata 409
intraetibilis Mickel 411
squaniulifera Mickel 411
Chaeteessa filata 257
Chiriquia concinna 268
Chorisoiunira albonorvosa Reirn 255
Chorisoneura inquinata 251
lata Rehn 253
personata Rehn 249
polita Rehn 246
pulcherrima Rehn 247
tessellata Rehn 251
Chortophila trichodactyla .... 389
Chromacris stolli 284
Chrysochraon filatus 275
Cocama tripunctata Rehn .... 302
Coenosinae 386
Compsacris pulcher 279
Copiocera austera 290
erythrogastra 289
prasina Rehn 287
surinamensis 289
Cornops longicorne 285
Corydiinae 245
Coscineuta sordida Rehn 290
Crabro crassiceps Mickel 425
planaris Mickel 427
proletarius Mickel 426
vernaUs 422
Crabronidae 421
Crinura trichodactyla 389
Dasymutilla 191, 310, 311, 312, 316
agenor 313, 317, 324
allardi 326
anguhceps 314, 317, 323
arenerronea Bradley
314, 317, 324
ballabetei 327
bexar 312, 316, 322
canella 312, 317, 326
cariniceps 313, 317, 323
Carolina 328
castor 312, 313, 317, 326
champlaini 328
chattahoochei Bradley
314, 317, 324
chlamydata 317, 331
comanche. . .312, 314, 316, 322
cypris 314, 317, 326
ferrugata 314, 317, 327
fcrrugatella 328
finni 328
georgiana 327
INDEX
111
Dasymutillagibbosa.312, 317, 322
gorgon 191
harmonia. .191, 312, 316, 321
lepeletierii 313, 317, 328
macra 313, 317, 329
miamensis 314, 326
obscura....312, 314, 317, 330
occidentalis 312, 314, 316, 322
plesia 327
pyrrhus 312, 316, 322
rubicunda5rar«e7/314, 317, 324
rugulosa 313, 317, 325
sappho 314, 317, 330
scrobinata 323
segregata 328
vesta 314, 317, 328
virginica 328
waco 191
zella 314, 317, 328
Decticus 33
derogatus 72
dorsalis 87
pachymerus 47, 53
Dendroblatta Rehn 231
sobrina Rehn 232
Dermaptera 216
Dialyta 393
Dialyta flavitibia Johannsen . . 394
Dicranomyia gibbera Alexander 6
invalida Alexander 7
mulsa Alexander 5
virilis Alexander 4
regifica Alexander 5
Diedronotus angulatus 283
Doru lincare 222
Drosophila excita 108
Ectol)iiiiae 222
Elaeochlora brunncri 296
EUiptcra alexanderi 17
Engoniaspis 33
testacea 47
Eomorphopus antennatus 267
granulatus 268
Epiphragina (key to certain
species) 22
gracilicornis Alexander. ... 21
pacliyinera 53
Ephuta 191, 192,
309,
311,
316
(key to species) .
192
hattlei Bradley . .
192,
195,
318
copano
. 192,
193
grisea Bradley . .
. 192,
194
pauxilla Bradley .
.192
197,
318
puteola
192,
198,
318
scrupea 191
192
196,
318
slossonae
19'?,
193,
.192,
318
susura
193
tegiilicia Bradley
. .192,193
Epilampra abdomen-
nigrum . .
237
abortivipenna . . .
237
azteca
?37
f estae
377
heusseriana ....
236
Epilamprinae
236
Erioptera annulipes
16
16
eiseni
16
Euborellia janeirensib
218
Eucerceris elegaus . .
413
Eumastacinae
272
Eumastax semicaeca
272
Euphemia apicata Johannsen . .
396
Eurycotis manni Reh
n. . .
238
Euthyrrhapha pacifica . . .
245
Fannia 390
parallela Johannsen 390
Fanninae 386, 389
Forcinella janeirensis 218
annulipes 218
curvicauda 221
Forficula linearis 222
riparia 219
Geranoniyia glauca Alexamler . 12
insignia 10
lachrynialis Alexander. ... 9
plunibcipleura Alexander. . 10
scok)pax 12
tibialis 13
townsendi Alexander 11
Gnophomyia pervicax 21
Gononiyia (key to certain
species) 18
alexanderi 17
IV
INDEX
Gonomyia 18
delicata cognatella 18
jejuna Alexander 17, 18
recurvata 10
velutina Alexander 18
Gryllus brevicornis 275
coUaris 284
obliquus 293
pallens 306
serratus 283
xanthochlorus 285
Hagiomantis superba 259
Hammomyia 387
setigera JoJiannsen 387
Hoplisus rufocaudatus Michel . 401
Hylemyia 388
trichodactyla 389
tenax Johannsen 388
Hylemyiinae 387
Hylephila 388
Hynienopus caelebs 263
Hypomellinus tricinctus Michel 404
venustus Michel 403
Ischnoptera 338
amazonica Rehn 225
angustifrons Hebard 343
atrata Hebard 341
confonnis 346
consobrina 352
debilis Hebard 350
festae 377
fumata 346
hamata 371
jamaicana 359
morio 340
nyctiboroides 373
occidentalis 352
rufa 346
sancta 371
t.crininalis 346
vulijina Hebard 344
JodacriK cacruhMponni.s 295
Labia ciirvicauda 221
Labidura riparia 219
Lalnduridae 218
Labiidae 219
Larrinae 413
Larropsis picina Michel 418
Leiponeura alexanderi 17
recurvata 16
Leptysma filiformis 285
Limnobiorhynchus brasiliensis . 13
Limnophila Uoydi 22
Limnophora 391
torreyae Johannsen 391
Limnophorinae 386, 391
Lindenius armaticeps 427
buccadentis Michel 427
Linoceratium australe 277
boucardi 277
Liturgusa superba 259
Locheuma brunneri 296
Locusta collaris 284
pachymera 53
Locustinae 283
Machaerocera nigromarginata . 280
Mantidae 257
Mantinae 258
Mantis falcataria 263
supplicaria 265
Mantoida fulgidipennis 257
Mastax semicaecus 272
Mellinogastra williamsi Michel 402
Mellinus wolcotti 405
Mesoeyphona annulipes 16
caloptera 16
eiseni 16
Metaleptea minor 276
Metriomantis planicepliala
Rehn 259
Metrodora concinna 268
Micromutilla 191
Micronotus dubius 269
Mimesa conica 421
crcssoni 421
cressonii 421
dawsoni Michel '. 420
Miopteryginae 262
Moloi)hilus capricornis Alexan-
der 19
t('nel)ric()sus Alexander . . . 20
INDEX
Monedula exigua 419
speciosa 418
Morsyma 191
ashmeadii 191
Mutilla 191, 309, 310, 316
anthophorae 191
asopus 191
balteola 331
barbata 202, 205
barbigera Bradley .... 203, 206
briaxus 203, 205, 207, 317
canadensis 207
chlamydata 331
copano 193
daeckei 318
dubitata 191, 209, 317
europaea 191
euterpe 204, 210, 318
floridensis 203, 209, 318
geryon 318
grotei 203, 207
henshawi 318
hexagona 191, 204
205, 207, 210, 213, 317
hoUensis 213
imperialis 191
infensa 325
macra 329
mutata 326
na.vasota, Bradley 204, 213
nestor 204, 211
oajaca 204, 212
occidentalis 191
ornatipennis Bradley
202, 204, 205, 318
ponnsylvanica 191
promethea. .203, 204, 209, 318
puteola 198
rufa 203, 204, 210, 317
rufosignata Bradley
204, 212, 317
sayi 204, 214
scaova 331
scaevola 317
s(Tiipea 196
secunda 207
siinillima 191
slossonae 1 93
Mutilla susura 193
vierecki 327
zella 328
Mydaea pectinata ./o/;o?insen. . 392
Mydaeinae 386, 392
Myrmilloides 191
grandiceps 191
Nauphoeta cinerea 239
Neoblattella adspersicollis. 148, 230
brunneriana 151
detersa 151
insularis 148
pellucida 230
Neophotoj)sis 191
Nomiaephagus . .191, 310, 311, 316
aetis 320
geryon 318
hippodamia 319
montivaga 320
oceola 319
sanbornii 320
simillima 320
vanduzei Bradley 321
Notoglossa decorosa Mickel. . . 430
incisura Mickel 430
minor Mickel 428
striatifrons Mickel 429
Nuciera elegantula Rehn 297
Nyctibora brunnea 236
obscura 236
Nyctiborinae 236
Nyssonidao 400
Ococletes I)icinctiis Mickel. . . . 407
Odontophotopsis . . . .191, 309, 315
(key to certain species) . . . 315
paula Bradley 333
spinci Bradley 335
Oedipodinae 28 1
Omalotettix rneridionalis 294
signatipcs 293
Ommexecha giglio-tosi 282
Ommexcchinae 282
Omura congrua 282
Opsoniahi cylindrodcs 285
filifonnis 285
Orchesticus 33
VI
INDEX
Orchesticiis americanus 72
Orimarga (key to South Amer-
ican species) 14
andina Alexander 14, 15
argenteopleura 15
arizonensis 14
punctipennis 14
Ormosia 135
(key to North American
species) 135
abnormis Dietz 135, 137
affinis 136
apicalis 135
arcuata 135
atriceps Dietz 135, 136
bihneata Dietz 136, 142
cockerelli 136
cornuta 136
deviata Dietz 136, 143
divergens Dietz 136, 144
divexa 136
fascipennis 135
flaveola 136
fumata 135
fusiformis 135
holotricha 135
innocens 135
lanuginosa 136
longicornis 136
luteola Dietz 135, 138
manicata 136
meigenii 136
modica Dietz 136, 141
monticola 136
nigripila 135
niveitarsus 14
nubilus 135
palpahs Dietz 136, 140
parallelus 136
perplexa Dietz 136, 141
pilosa Dietz 135, 139
rubella 136
taeniocera Dietz 136, 145
Orphula 276
minor 276
pagaiia 275, 276
Orphulclla Ijouc-ardi 277
chipmani 277
Orphulella punctata 277
Orthoderinae 257
Orthoptera 222
Osmilia flavo-lineata 295
Otumba lobata 268
spinifrons 269
Oxybelidae 428
Oxybelus argentarius Michel. . . 431
fastigatus Michel 433
major Michel 434
umbrosus Michel 432
Oxyblepta xanthochlorus 285
Oxyhaloinae 246
Panchlora exoleta 239
peruana 239
Panchlorinae 239
Paraceratinoptera dohrniana . . 131
nahua 131
Paracomops longicome 285
Paralimna 102, 104, 105
appendiculata 106, 107, 108, 114
argyrostoma Cresson. . 107, 120
brunneiceps Cresson
106, 107, 120
captiosa Cresson
122
ciliata Cresson
106, 107,
108,
111
decipiens
.105,
108
flexineuris Cresson
106,
107,
111
meridionaUs Cresson
106, 107,
108,
119
molossus
104
multipunctata . . . . . .
104
nigropicta Cresson
106,
107,
118
nuda
104
obscura
.105,
109
pleurivittata Cresson
107,
122
plumbi(!eps Cresson
106,
107,
110
puncti(!()rnis Cresson.
.107,
121
secunda
104
taurus Cresson
.107,
123
tcxana 106, 107,
108,
113
I'araphasma conspersum .
266
Paratettix pcruvianus . . .
269
INDEX
Vll
Paratruxalis Rehn 276
filatus 275, 276
minor 276
Paulinia acuminata 281
Paurotarsus amazonns 270
insolitus Rchji 271
Pediodectes Retin and Ilehard 34, 45
Pegomyiinae 387
Periplaneta americana 237
australasiae 238
brunnea 238
Peruvia nigromarginata 280
Petasodes reflexa 242
Phaiostema 104
decipiens 108
obscura 109
Phaonia 395
apicata Johannsen 396
nigricans Johannsen 395
Phasma castaneum 266
Phasmidae 266
Philanthidae 405
Philanthinae 405
Philanthus albifrons 406
albopilosus 405
barbiger Michel 405
siouxensis Michel 406
Phorbia platura 389
Phortioeca peruana 242
Photomorphus 191, 309, 315
alogus 332
banksi Bradley 331
johnsoni 332
rubroscutellata Bradley . . 332
Photopsis 191, 309, 310, 315
anthophorae 191
exogyrus 191
imperialis 191
myrmicoides. . . .315, 317, 333
nana 191
papaga Bradley 191
psiula Bradley . . .315, 317, 333
pluto 191
»\ni\d BrtuUcy .. .315, 317, 335
PhyllodromiaC?) binotata 129
delicatula 158
Physetapsus Bradley 191
papaga Bradley 191
Plectrotettix pratensis 281
Prionolopha serrata 283
Prisopus cornutus 267
Proscopinae 272
Prosparatta incerta 221
Protothyreopus crassiceps
Michel 425
Psalidophora pygmacus 220
Psalis scudderi 218
species 219
Psammotherma ajax 316
flabellata 316
Psen cressonii 421
Psenidae 420
Pseninae 420
Pseudacanthops caelebs 263
Pseudectobia antiguensis 175
Pseudomethoca 191, 309
310, 311, 316, 318
aetis 312, 316, 320
canadensis. .191, 311, 316, 318
geryon 311, 316, 318
hippodamia 311, 316, 319
montivaga 312, 316, 320
oceola 311, 316, 319
sanbornii. . .191, 311, 316, 320
simillima 312, 316, 320
vanduzn Bradley 311, 316, 321
Pseudomiopteryx guyanensis . . 262
Pseudomopinae 224
Pseudomops angusta 224
annulicornis 224
inclusa 224
Pseudophasma castaneum .... 266
Pseudophasmidae 266
Pseudophyllodromia boliviensis 235
elegans 235
lineolata 235
Pseudoplisus floridanus 402
inf umatus Michel 402
smithii 402
Pycnomutiila 191
harmonia 326
harmoniiformis 328
Pygidicrana \'-nigrum 216
Pj'gidicranidae 216
Pjragra brunnea 216
Pyragropsis brunnea 216
INDEX
Pyragropsis emarglnata Rehn . 216
Pyrgomorphinae 282
Pyrrhomutilla 191
Rhipidia annulicornis 9
domestica 9
vicina Alexander 8
Rhomalea stoUi 284
Rhoptromutilla 191
Rhypholophus 135
Scaria hamata 270
lineata 270
Schistocerca aequalis 304
desiliens 304
flavofasciata 304
pallens 306
Schistopeltis Rehn 240
peculiaris Rehn 240
Scyllina pratensis 281
Sitalces madeirensis Rehn 300
Solenius planaris Mickel 427
Sparatta incerta 221
semirufa 221
Sphaerophthalma 191, 309, 311, 315
aloga 191, 315, 317, 332
balteola 317, 331
hanksi Bradley. .315, 317, 331
johnsoni 315, 317, 332
mutata 326
pennsylvanica . . .315, 317, 331
rubroscutellata Bradley
315, 317, 332
scaeva 191, 315, 317, 331
scaevola 317
Sphccoidea 399
Spilaria pectinata Johannsen. . 392
Spongovostox alter 219
pygmaeus 220
Stcnacris cylindrodes 285
Stagmatoptera predi(;atoria . . . 266
suppli(;aria 265
Staurorhoctus intermedius .... 279
Stictia exigua 419
spinifcra Mickel 418
Stipator 34
amerioanus 73
Stiphra tuberculata 272
Symploce Hebard 355
bicolor 369
capitata 361
flagellata HebaH 367
jamaicensis 359
morsei Hebard 365
lita Hebard 357
Synothyreopus bruneri Mickel 422
Tachysphex angularis Mickel. . 416
erythraeus Mickel 415
granulosus Mickel 413
sanguinosus Mickel 414
tarsatus 413
zimmeri Mickel 415
Tachytes austerus Mickel 417
maestus Mickel 417
Tetanorhynchus humilis 272
Tetraphotopsis 191
hubbardi 191
Tetrix spinifrons 269
Tettigidea pulchella 269
Teucholabis jocosa 13
Theganopteryx antiguensis ... 175
Thesprotia species . .' 262
Thyreonotus 33
dorsalis 72, 82, 91
pachymerus 47
Thyreopus bruneri Mickel .... 422
knoxensis Mickel 424
stygius Mickel 422
utensis Mickel 421
Thyrsocera annulicornis 224
Timulla. . . .191, 199, 309, 310, 316
barbata 202, 205
barbigera Bradley. . . .203, 206
briaxus 203, 205, 207
euterpe 204,210
floridensis 203, 209
grotei 203, 207
hexagona
204,205,207,210, 213
navasota Bror/Zey 204, 213
nestor 204, 211
oajaca 204, 212
ornatii)onnis Bradley
202, 204, 205
I)roniethoa 203, 204, 209
INDEX
IX
Tiniulla rufa 203, 205, 210
rufosignataBrof/ZeT/. . .204, 212
sayi 204, 214
Tipula (key to certain species) 27
armiWaius Alexander .. .23, 30
carizona 24, 28
exilis Alexander 23, 24
jivaro Alexander 23, 25
mitua Alexander 24, 29
monilif era 23
moniliformis 23
obliquefasciata 22
ornaticornis 23, 24
quichua Alexander 24, 27
Titanacris albipes 284
Toxopterus miniatus 280
Toxorhina Ijrasiliensis 13
Trimicraandensis AZexaw/er. . . 20
Tropidacris collaris 284
latreiUei 284
Tropinotus angulatus 283
Truxalinae 275
Truxalis brevioomis 275
Vates multilobata 2G6
Vatinae 263
Vilerna flavipennis 296
Xestoblatta Hebard 370
carrikeri Hebard 374
festae 377
hamata 371
nyctiboroides 373
sancta 371
Xestocrabro proletarius Mickel 426
Xiphicera erythrogastra 289
Zetobora emarginata 242
Zonocerus bilineatus 279
Zoolea multilobata 266
VOLUME XLII NUMBER 1
MARCH 1916
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMEEICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE
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TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMERICAN EiNTOxMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
VOLUME XLII
NEW OR LITTLE-KNOWN CRANE-FLIES FROM CO-
LOMBIA, ECUADOR AND PERU (TIPULIDAE,
"' DIPTERA) 1
BY CHARLES P. ALEXANDER
Ithaca, New York
The present paper is the result of the stud}' of numerous
specimens of crane-flies received from Mr. H. S. Parish, who
collected the material in the countries above mentioned during
1914, and from Prof. C. H. T. Townsend, while Entomologist
in Peru. I am much indebted to ]\Ir. Parish and to Prof. Town-
send for this material. The tj'pes and uniques are deposited
in the collection of the author. I have secured a brief account
of his trip from Mr. Parish and this is given herewith in order
to complete the data.
Mr. Parish's Account of His Trip:
Colombia. — We sighted Buenaventura about six o'clock on the
evening of Alay 5th, 1914, and as darkness falls quickh' here in
the tropics we had to content ourselves with staying one night
longer aboard the steamer. Xext morning we Avere up bright
and early and bartered with the natives for a small boat to
paddle us ashore. Viewing the town from the sea it appeared
to be quite a pretentious place, but after we got ashore it lost all
of its beauty as far as the outskirts went, but in the center the
town appeared quite clean. Near the coast and for quite a
1 Contribution from the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII. (1)
2 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
distance up the mountains it rains nearly every day. The
second day after my arrival I took a train for Cisneros, which
is at an altitude of 525 feet above the sea-level. On the road
up there is a great forest extending as far as the eye can
reach, broken only by the huts of the Indians or the thatched
cottages of the Negroes. One could see the insects gathered
around a muddy pool left by the rain and some of these were
splendid in their coloring. At times one would see a blue flash
while looking into the woods and those who are acquainted
with the denizens of the tropics would recognize a Morpho.
The train had to go slowly up the mountain and that left time
to look around. Soon we arrived at Cisneros and after luncheon
we proceeded on our journey, this time on horse-back for about
twenty miles along a mule track where there was just enough
room for two mules to pass at one time. In many instances
we had to crowd our horses toward the inside when we met a
pack-team and it would often require ten or fifteen minutes
to pass. After some hours' ride we caught another train which
took us up 4400 feet to the town of Caldas, which is a rather
pretty place. I stopped here for about ten days although it was
not a very good location for a naturalist, since the land is highly
cultivated and most of the trees have been cut away. A small
stream flowed through the middle of the town, however, and
that made it attractive for some species of crane-flies and other
insects. After my ten days were up I took a train that brought
me still higher to a place called La Cumbre. This is on the edge
of the mountain at an altitude of 6600 feet and is an ideal place
for anyone in my calling. Some of the nights were cold and
windy, others were cold but would allow my putting out the
lights to attract insects. At night there were but few specimens,
but these were worth while. From here I rode over the first
range of mountains until I Ijegan to descend, and far in the dis-
tance we could see the Cauca River, like a silver line, winding
its way toward the Caribbean Sea. In a short time we arrived
at Call, which is about 500 feet above the sea. C'ali is a large
town and they keep it about as clean as any South American
town is kept. It is no place for work, however, and after
remaining there my usual time I hired a couple of horses and
returned to La Cumbre and thence to the coast, because I had
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 3
a slight attack of malaria, prevalent in this climate. I just had
time to catch the boat that plies between Balboa and Guayaquil.
Ecuador. — We arrived here about six days after leaving Col-
ombia and after going up the river for about thirty miles we
came to the city of Guayaquil, and right across the river Duran,
where I remained for about three days. During the daytime
I went after specimens as usual and captured a number of all
orders, but night was when I reaped a harvest. There was a
gasolene lamp that hung overhead and I spread a sheet on the
table underneath and the insects would swarm around and
finally fall on the sheet. Leaving there I went on to Huigra,
which is at an altitude of 4500 feet, and there I took more speci-
mens than I ever remember taking, before or since. It was get-
ting too high up for the large specimens, but the smaller ones
were still numerous. I went as far as Alaousi (9450 feet) and
found the ground all cultivated and did not remain over
two days, as the chmate, due to the altitude, was very cold.
From there I went down to Huigra, and after remaining there
two days back to Duran and Guayaquil. After a wait of a day
or two I caught the boat to Peru.
Peru. — Calloa is situated on the sea while Lima, the capital,
is about seven miles inland and 500 feet above the sea. Lima
has a very large population and is an up-to-date cit3\ Collect-
ing is very good down by the river-beds. Chosica (2800 feet)
was the first mountain town that I visited and I found collecting
very good. There is little more vegetation around Chosica than
at Lima. Matucana was the next, a very small place among
the mountains that rise up a thousand feet on either side of
the railroad. It was not a very good place for collecting, but I
caught some rare and interesting specimens. Then I came to
Oroya (12178 feet) and scarcely expected to find insect life very
abundant since it is so high up, and I was glad to put on some
extra clothing. About 10.30 A. M. I went out and in a sheltered
part of the mountains was surprised to find insect life quite
abundant, especially Diptera and Lepidoptera. After remain-
ing there about five days I went to Jauja (11878 feet) and then
to Huancayo (10636 feet). I kept along the mountain tops
and should have liked to have gone to the other side of the
Andes, and except for the war coming on I should have done so.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
4 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
The general European holocaust had its effect down in
Peru, for the bank in which my money was deposited was closed
and I had to go back to the United States.
Family TIPULIDAE
Subfamily Limnobinae
Tribe Limnohini
Genus DICRANOMYIA Stephens
Dicranomyia virilis sp. n.
Thoracic dorsum with four stripes; femora broadly tipped with yellowish;
wings pale yellowish subhyaline; abdominal segments with a pale terminal
annulus.
Female. — Length, 8.5 to S.6 mm.; wing, 10.8 to 11.2 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brown. Antennae with the basal segments dull
yellow, flagellum dark brown; the segments of the flagellum oval or slightly
elongate oval. Head light gray.
Pronotal and cervical sclerites prolonged, dark brown. Praescutum red-
dish-brown with four dark brown stripes, the middle pair being long and narrow,
extending almost the entire length of the sclerite; lateral stripes shorter and
broader, the entire sclerite sparsely .pollinose; scutum with the lobes dark,
median area paler; scutellum pale gray on the basal two-thu'ds, the caudal
third dull yellow; postnotum brownish yellow, sparsely gray pollinose. Pleura
dull brownish yellow, the dorsal sclerites darker brown. Halteres rather long,
slender, pale yellow, the knob dark brown. Legs with the coxae reddish yel-
low; trochanters dull yellow; femora light brown, toward the tip slightly
darkened, the actual tip broadly pale yellow; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings
pale yellowish subhyaline, stigma oval pale, veins brown. Venation: (see
plate I, fig. 5) Sc moderately long, Sci about one-fifth the length of Sci) the
tip of Sci opposite or slightly before the origin of Rs; Rs long, arcuated, twice
the length of the basal deflection of R4+-0', basal deflection of Ciii just before
the fork of M.
Abdominal tergites dark Ijrown, the caudal margin of the sclerites slightly
paler; sternites dull yellow.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype, 9 , Matucana, Peru, altitude
7788 feet, July 14, 1914. (Parish coll.) Paratype, 9, topo-
typic.
This species suggests D. insignifica Alexander - in the wing-
venation but the thoracic dorsum is quadrivittate instead of
trivittate, the femora are conspicuously paler at their apices,
the segments of the abdomen ringed with paler at the caudal
margin and other characters are different.
^ 1912. insignijica Alexander, Canadian Entomologist, xliv, \). 3G3, pi. XL,
fig. i; {Furcomyia).
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 5
Dicranomyia miilsa sp. n.
Dark brown; head grayish, antennae black; legs uniformly colored; wings
dusky with a quadrate brown stigmal spot; the radial sector sinuate near the
tip, basal deflection of Cui long.
Male. — Length, 7.6 mm.; wing, 10 mm.
Female. — Length, 8 to 8.2 mm.; wing, 1L3 to 11.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black, rather short, the flagellar
segments oval. Head with a brownish gray bloom.
Thoracic dorsum with the pronotum yeUow on the sides, darker above;
praescutum very deep reddish brown with dark brown stripes which merge
insensibly into the ground color; these stripes cover most of the sclerite, the
ground color being brightest before the pseudosutural foveae; scutum with
the lobes deep liver-brown, the median area and the scutellum with a yellowish
or grayish yellow bloom; postnotum dark brown medially, paler on the sides
and here with a sparse grayish bloom. Pleura dull yellow with a broad inter-
rupted pleural stripe extending from the fore coxa to the sides of the post-
notum. Halteres rather short, base of the stem pale, tinged with pale green,
remainder of the stem and the knobs dark brown. Legs with the fore and
middle coxae dark, hind coxae pale; trochanters brownish; remainder of the
legs uniformly brown. Wings slightly suft'used with darker; a large quadrate
stigmal spot and a broad brown seam along the cord. Venation: (see plate
I, figs. 1, 2) Sc short, ending opposite the origin of Rs; Sd about one-half the
length of Sci] Rs sinuate near its tip; basal deflection of Cui very long in the
male, half as long again as Cih alone.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites more j^ellowish, the
apical sternites dark brown.
The female sex is similar to the male but the basal deflection of Cui of the
wings is not as long and cell Cui is consecjuently not so wide.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype, cf, Matucana, Peru, altittide
7788 feet, July 14, 1914. (Parish coll.) Allotype, 9, topo-
typic. Paratype, 9 , topotypic.
This species is readily separated from related species b.y the
deep liver-brown color and the peculiar wing- venation.
Dicranomyia regifica sp. n.
Color of the head and thorax hght gray, unmarked ; antennae dark brown ;
femora hght bro\m, yellow at the tip; wings with an ocellate brown pattern;
abdomen banded black and yellow.
Male. — Length, 7 to 7.2 mm.; wing, 10 to 10.2 mm.
Female. — Length, 6.8 mm.; wing, 10.3 mm.
Rostrum rather short, light brown, palpi dark brown. Anteimae dark
brown throughout, rather short. Head brownish gray.
Thoracic dorsum dull opaque gray poUinose, the scutellum much paler,
almost white. Pleura hght gray. Halteres rather long, stem pale, the knob
dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters light j'ellow, femora pale
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
6 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
brown, obscurely tipped with yellow, tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings
whitish or subhyaUne with rather small to medium rounded brown spots on
the membrane arranged as in the figure, many of these markings being inter-
rupted ocelUform; these markings are clearest on the cephalic half of the wing,
more indistinct, pale grayish, in the caudal cells. Venation: (see plate II,
fig. 1) Sc ending at about one-third the length of Rs; Sc2 about one-third the
length of Sci; Rs long, angular at its origin; basal deflection of Cih before the
fork of M.
Abdominal tergites light yellow, segment one with a broad brown patch
on the sides of the sclerite; segment two with a broad brown subbasal annulus;
remaining tergites with about the basal half dark brown, very conspicuous;
pleurites of the male hypopygium dark brownish black, the pleural lobes yel-
lowish, a little browned at the base; sternites mostly light yellow, the extreme
base of the segments obscurely brown, this occupying from the basal quarter
to one-half of the segment.
In the female, the Ijrown bands on the abdominal sternites are subequal
in width and position to the tergal annuli so that the abdomen presents an
evenly striped appearance.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype, cf, Matucana, Peru, altitude
7788 feet, July 14, 1914. (Parish coll.) Allotype, 9, topo-
typic. Paratypes, 3 d", Jauja, Peru, altitude 11,878 feet,
June 23, 1914. (Parish coll.)
In its spotted wings this insect suggests a number of Andean
species. Limnobia guttata Philippi ^ (now Dicranomyia chilensis
Alexander) is described as having 16-segmented antennae and
the thorax with a brown stripe; L. pohjsticta Philippi"^ (Chile)
has the spots on the wings very abundant and the thorax with
three darker stripes. D. muscosa Enderlein ^ (Ecuador) and
D. tricincta ^ Alexander (Peru) have a supernumerary cross-vein
in cell 7^3 of the wings.
Dicranomyia gibbera sp. n.
Antennae black; thorax brown or gray with a broad darker median stripe;
wings with a radial sector very short, about equal to the basal deflection of
Ri+b-
Male. — Length, 4 to 5 mm.; wing, 5.1 to 5.5 mm.
Female. — Length, 6 to 7 mm. ; wing, 7 mm.
Rostrum, palpi and antennae black, the latter short with the segments
of the flagellum subglobular. Head with the front light gray, the vertex and
occiput grayish brown; a brownish blotch on the middle of the vertex in front.
3 1865. gutiaia Phihppi, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 613.
1913. chilensis Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, p. 487.
* 1865. polyslida Philippi, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 613.
' 1912. muscosa Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., xxxii, pt. I, pp. 75, 76, fig. WiK
" 1913. tricincta Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, p. 405.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 7
Mesonotum very gibbous, brownish with a very broad brown median stripe
and shorter, less distinct stripes on the sides of the praescutum; scutum
with the lobes gray, the middle area brownish; scutellum and postnotum
grayish. Pleura light brown with a sparse gray bloom, deepest and brightest
on the sclerites just in front of the base of the halteres. Halteres short, the
stem pale, knob brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters dull yellow,
femora pale brown, a little darkened at the tips, tibiae and tarsi dark bro-wn.
Wings hyaline, the stigma present or absent, varying from subhyaUne to a
dark brown, in shape full and rounded. Venation: Sc short, ending far before
the origin of Rs ; Sci about five times as long as Sc2 ; Rn short, about equal in
length to the basal deflection of R 4+5-
Abdomen dark brown with a sparse gray bloom.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype, cf, Lima, Peru, altitude 500
feet, August 19, 1914. (Parish coll.) Allotype, 9 , topotypic,
August 11, 1914. Paratypes, 20 cf, 9, topotypic, August 3
to 30, 1914; Matucana, Peru, altitude 7788 feet, one d^, July
14, 1914. (Parish coll.)
This insect agrees most closely with D. vernalis Philippi "^
(Chile), which is a larger species having the stigmal spot of a
different shape and the abdomen of a very distinct pattern.
In the shortness of the radial sector D. gibbera suggests D.
omissa Alexander* which has the cell 1st Mo open.
Dicranomyia invalida sp. n.
Antennae dark brown ; thorax gray with darker stripes ; wings with a bro^sTi
blotch at the fork of Rs; abdomen dark gray, the hypopygium yellowish.
Male. — Length, 5.5 mm.; wing, 8.5 mm.
Female. — Length, 5.8 to 6.3 mm.; wing, 8.9 to 9.6 mm.
Rostrum dull yellowish brown, palpi dark brown. Antennae dark brown,
the flagellar segments subrounded to oval. Head light gray.
Thoracic dorsum dull grayish yellow with brownish stripes, the median one
broad, divided by a very narrow, pale median line, lateral stripes short, behind
becoming confluent with the middle stripe; scutum, scutellum and postnotum
Ught gray. Pleura gray. Halteres pale, the knob darker. Legs with the
coxae dull yellow with a pale greenish tinge, trochanters pale, femora pale
yellowish brown, a little darkened toward the tip, tibiae and tarsi brovATi.
Wings whitish subhyaline, stigma subquadrate, brown; an oval mark at the
fork of Rs connected with the stigma; seaming along the cord and outer deflec-
tion of cell 1st Mo very narrow antl indistinct. Venation: (see plate I, fig.4)
Sc rather short, ending about opposite the origin of Rs; Sc-i about one-fifth
^ 1865. vernalis Philippi, Vcrli. k.-k. zool.-])ot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 612 {Simno-
bia).
^ 1912. omissa Alexander, Can. Ent., xliv, j). 340, pi. XI, fig. o (Fur-
coynyia) .
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
8 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
the length of »SVi; basal deflection of Cih far before the fork of M, this dis-
tance equal from one-third to almost the length of the deflection.
Abdomen dark brownish gray, the lobes of the male hypopygium yellowish.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype, d^, Matucana, Peru, altitude
7788 feet, July 14, 1914. (Parish coll.) Allotype, 9 , topotypic,
Paratype, 9 , topotypic.
This species comes closest to D. andicola Alexander ^ but
differs in the conspicuous gray coloration of the body.
Genus RHIPIDIA Meigen
Rhipidia (Arhipidia) vicina sp. n.
Thorax broadly edged with yellow in fi'ont; wing-pattern heavy; pleural
i-tripe broad.
Female. — Length, 8 mm.; wing, 7.4 min.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae black, excepting seg-
ments 12 and 13 which are pale yellowish white. Head brownish gray.
Pronotum above dull light yellow. Mesonotal praescutum rich chestnut-
brown, in front broadly margined with dull light yellow; scutellum and middle
line of the scutum dull yellow; lobes of the scutum brown with a margin of
darker brown, most distinct on the caudal and proximal sides of the lobe;
scutellum at the base with a brownish spot on either side of the middle hne;
postnotum brownish. Pleura with the dorsal portions clear light yellow, a
broad black band extending from the sides of the pronotum to the base of the
abdomen, the dorsal margin of the stripe sharply defined, the ventral margin
passing into paler brownish black; an indistinct narrow dark brown stripe
beginning on the fore coxa, traversing the mesosternum and ending on the
hind coxa. Halteres dull yellow, the knob only a little darker. Legs with
the coxae dull yellow, more or less browned at or near the base as described
above; trochanters dull yellow; femora and tibiae brown, the tips of the
segments slightly darkened; tarsi brown. Wings light gray or subhyaline,
brighter, more yellowish, on the costal portion; a few large brown spots as
follows: at the tip of Sc, at the origin of Rs, at mid-length of Sc, along the
cord and outer deflection of cell ^.s^ Mi) paler grayish brown clouds in all the
cells, these clouds and dots large and becoming confluent. Venation as in
plate II, fig. 2.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, darkest on the caudal margin; sternites
dull yellow.
Habitat. — Colombia. Holotype, 9 , La Cumbre, Colombia,
altitude 6G00 feet, May 20, 1914. (Parish coll.)
In ni}^ key to the species of the genus Rhipidia^^ this species
runs down to R. scliwarzi Alexander ^^ of the Greater Antilles
^ 1912. andicola Alexander, Can. Ent., xliv, j). 'MYl, pi. XI, fig. h {Fur-
comyia) .
i" Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc. viii, pp. 7, 8, 1912.
" 1912. schwarzi Alexander, Bull. Brookl. Ent. Soc, viii, p. 13, pi. I, fig. e.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 9
and Florida. It is a much larger and more vigorous species
with the black pleural stripe broader, the wing-pattern much
heavier and better defined.
Rhipidia (Arhipidia) annulicornis Enderlein
1912. Rliipidla annulicortti.'i Enderlein, Zool. Jahrl)., xxxii, pt. 1, pp. SO,
81, fig. yi.
One female from La Cumbre, Colombia, altitude 6600 feet,
collected May 15, 1914, by H. S. Parish.
Rhipidia (Arhipidia) domestica Osten Sacken
1859. Rhipidia domestica Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1859,
p. 208.
Several specimens. Call, Colombia, altitude 500 feet, May
25, 1914 (Parish). La Cumbre, Colombia, altitude 6600 feet,
May 18, 1914 (Parish). Lima, Peru, altitude 500 feet. July 29 to
August 24, 1914 (Parish).
Genus GERANOMYIA Haliday
Geranomyia lachiymalis sp. n.
Color dull black, the thoracic dorsum without distinct stripes; legs dark
brown except the bases of the femora which are yellowish ; wings dark colored
without a distinct stigmal spot.
Male. — Length, excluding rostrum, 5.6 mm.; wing, 7.1 mm.; rostnmi, 2.5
mm.
Female. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 4.5 mm.; wing, 5.6 mm.; rostrum,
3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi black. Antennae black. Head blackish gray.
ISIesonotal praescutum dull black without apparent stripes; scutum with
the lobes dull black, the middle portion more brownish; scutellum black,
the caudal margin more reddish; postnotum dull l)lackish brown. Pleura
gray. Halteres rather short, the base dull yellow, the knob dark brown.
Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish brown, femora j^ellowish at
the base, soon passing into dark brown; tibiae and tarsi dark browTi. Wings
tinged with blackish, stigma scarcely distinct, veins dark brown. Vena-
tion: (see plate II, fig. 3) Sc ending just beyond the origin of Rs; in the holo-
type, cell Isl Mi is long and narrow, the cross-vein r-m obliterated by fusion
of i?4+5 and Mi+2, the basal deflection of Cui at the fork of M; in the allotype,
cell Isl Mo is shorter, cross-vein r-m present, the basal deflection of C»i before
the fork of M.
Abdomen dark grayish black.
Habitat. — Ecuador. Holotype, cf , Huigra, Ecuador, alti-
tude 4500 feet, June 13, 1914 (Parish coll.). Allotype, 9,
topotypic.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
IjO SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
G. lachrymalis differs from G. tristis Loew ^^ in the lack of
distinct stripes on the thoracic dorsum, the indistinct stigma,
etc.
Geranomyia insignis Loew
1S51. Apowsa insignis Loew, Linnaea Entomologica, v, p. 395.
Nineteen specimens of both sexes from Duran, Ecuador, at
the sea-level, collected June 25, 1914, by H. S. Parish.
Geranomyia plumbeipleura sp. n.
Rostrum black, paler at the tip; antennae black; head silvery gray, black
on the vertex; thoracic stripes broadened in front, the pleura plumbeous;
wings nearly hyaline, the caudal cells grayish, the tip infuscated, a few dark
brown spots.
Male. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 7.2 to 7.5 mm.; wing, 7.3 to 8 mm.;
rostrum, 3.2 mm.
Female. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 9.4 mm.; wing, 8.8 mm.; rostrum,
3 mm.
Rostriun long, nearly half as long as the body in the male, black, paler near
the tip. Antennae dark brownish black. Front and the sides of the vertex
adjoining the eyes hght gray, remainder of the head blackish.
Mesonotal praescutum light yellowish brown, the region before the pseudo-
sutural foveae light yellow; three dark brown stripes, the middle one broadest
in front where it suffuses the anterior end of the sclerite, narrowed behind;
lateral stripes narrow, subsinuous; scutum with the lobes dark brown, the mid- .
die portion grayish; scutellum and postnotum dark brown, the latter tinged
with grayish plumbeous; in some specimens the scutellum is pale gray. Pleura
grayish plumbeous including the lateral margins of the mesonotal praescutum;
sternum yellowish brown, paler than the pleura. Hal teres pale, the knob a
httle darker. Legs with the coxae yellow, the outer faces of the fore and mid-
dle coxae a little suffused with brown; trochanters yellow; femora pale green-
ish yellow at the base soon passing into brown, the tip broadly yellowish and
including a broad subapical dark brown ring; tibiae and tarsi dark brown.
Wings with the costal half nearly hyaline, the caudal half more grayish, the
tip infuscated; a few dark brown markings as follows: at the base of 7^s, a
large mark at the stigma; along the cord and outer end of cell 1st Mi, on the
supernumerary cross-vein in the subcostal cell; veins brown, paler in the pale
areas on the costal half. Venation: (see plate II, fig. 4) Sc moderately long,
ending slightly beyond the base of Rs; Sd at the tip of Sci; Rs about twice the
length of the basal deflection of R4+6; cross-vein r-7n very short, punctiform or
obliterated by fusion; cell 1st Mi elongate; basal deflection of Cui just before
the fork of M.
Abdominal tcrgitcs dark brown, the sternites much paler, yellowish.
The female is similar to the male; the gray color of the front continues back
to the occiput as. a narrow stripe, isolating a dark brown mark on the vertex
12 185L tristis Loew, Linnaea Entomologica, v, p. 39G {Aporosa).
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 11
on either side of the middle stripe; the pronotum shows a dark brown dorsal
line continuous with the median praescutal vitta and a short dark brown lateral
stripe; praescutum with the ground color more grayish, the lateral stripes
broadened toward the caudal end; pleura with the dorsal pleuritcs grayish
plumbeous, the sclerites underneath the wing yellowish; wings with Sc a little
longer, sometimes extending to about half the length of Rs.
Habitat. — Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. Holotype, d^, Huigra,
Ecuador, altitude 4500 feet, June Ki, 1914 (Parish coll.). Allo-
type, 9, topotypic, June 19, 1914. Paratypes, 6cf 9, Caldas,
Colombia, May 11, 1914 (Parish); La Cumbre, Colombia, alti-
tude 6600 feet, May 12 to June 1, 1914 (Parish). Huigra, Ecua-
dor, topotypic. Lima, Peru, altitude 500 feet, August 19, 1914
(Parish coll.).
Related to G. insignis Loew^^ which has the antennal flagellum
light brown, not black; stripes on the praescutum narrow, the
middle one not broadened out in front; pleura yellow, not gray-
ish; the wings more uniformly yellowish, not infumed with darker,
the brown markings neither so dark nor so extensive. With G.
numenius Alexander^^ it agrees in the color of the antennae and
the head but the antennae are shorter, the individual flagellar
segments being much more rounded; the thorax is plumbeous,
not yellowish as in numenius, and the wing-pattern is entirely
different; the rostrum of numenius is much longer than in plum-
hei pleura.
Geranomyia townsendi sp. n.
Rostrum very long and slender, in the male almost as long as the body;
head silvery and black; thoracic coloration reddish with indistinct narrow
stripes; femora with a brown subapical ring; wings light gray with large rounded
brown clouds.
Male. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 7.3 to 8.2 mm.; wing, S.S to 9 mm.;
rostrum, 7.1 to 7.4 mm.
Rostrum very long and slender, black, a little paler at the tij). Fal{ii two-
segmented, black. Antennae rather long, the flagellar segments elongated,
the segments dark brown with a gray bloom, the extreme tips of each segment
indistinctly reddish. Head with a narrow median i)ule gray silver^' mark,
a dark brown patch on the vertex on cither side of this pale mark; vertex ad-
joining the eyes and the occiput gray.
Thoracic dorsum reddish brown with narrow indistinct brown stripes as
follows: a dark brown median stripe extending the length of the praescutum,
more or less indistinct lateral stripes behind the pseudosutural foveae; scutum
'' 1S51. insignis Loew, Linnaea Entomologica, v, p. 39o. (Aporosa.)
"'' 1913. ntanenius Alexander, Entom. News, xxiv, p. 406, ])1. XIV, fig. 3.
TRANS. -VM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
12 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
with the lobes deep reddish brown, the middle portion of the scntum and the
scutellum with a pale whitish bloom; postnotum reddish with a very narrow
brown median stripe, this latter sometimes indistinct. Pleura reddish brown
with a sparse grayish bloom on the dorsal sclerites. Halteres pale, the knobs
dark brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters dull yellowish, the margins
of the trochanters and the bases of the femora black; femora pale yellowish
brown, the tip broadly yellowish and including a rather broad subapical dark
brown annulus; tibiae and tarsi dark brown. Wings with a pale grayish tinge,
the costal cell more yellowish; large rounded brown markings or clouds as
follows: mid-length of Sc, at the origin of Rs, at the tip of Sc, at the stigma, at
the tip of R2+3; brown seams to the cord and outer end of cell 1st Mn; veins
brown excepting R between the dark markings where it is golden-yellow.
Venation: (see plate II, fig. 6) Sc long, extending about two-thirds the length
of Rs; Sco at the tip of Sci] Rs long, about four times the length of the basal
deflection of RaW, cell 1st M2 long and narrow, as long as the veins issuing from
it.
Al)dominal tergites dark brown; sternites, especially the basal ones, paler,
more yellowish.
Habitat.— Peru. Holotype, 9 , Matucana, Peru, altitude
7800 feet, April 22, 1913 (C. H. T. Townsend coll.). Paratypes,
3 cf, topotypic.
The insect was found in caves in the day-time.
The species is not closely related to any of the described forms
and requires no comparison with any of them.
Geranomyia scolopax Alexander
1913. Geranomyia scolopax Alexander, Entom. News, xxiv, p. 408.
One male from Huigra, Ecuador, altitude 4500 feet, June 19,
1914, agrees with the type in all of the essential characters, differ-
ing as follows: femora with the tips rather broadly yellowish;
wings with the dark markings larger, more conspicuous; venation
(see plate II, fig. 5), basal deflection of Cui before the fork of AT.
Geranomyia glauca sp. n.
Light green, thoracic stripes rather indistinct except on the sides of the
praescutum; femora with two brown bands; wings spotted with brown.
Male. — Length, excluding the rostrum, 6.1 mm.; wing, 6.6 nun.; rostrum,
.3. mm.
Rostrum l)lack, the lobes jialer toward the tip. Antennae dark brownish
black, extending to about one-half the length of the rostriun. Head brownish
gray.
Mesonotal praescutum pale yellowish green with indistinct brownisli stripes;
the middle stripe is broad but is represented only by two dark lines on the
caudal i)ortion of the sclerite near the transverse suture; lateral strii)es a little
more distinct; scutum yellowish green with the lobes conspicuously dark biowu;
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 13
scutellum greenish, unmarked; postnotum broadly brown above, greenish
white laterally. Pleura yellowish green. Halteres yellowish green, the
knobs darker. Legs with the coxae and trochanters yellowish with a green
tinge, a broad pale bro'wn ring just before mid-length and a broad dark brown
ring before the tip, tip broadly pale; tibiae yellowish with a green tinge; tarsi
greenish brown. Wings yellowish subhyaline, costal region still more yellow-
ish; conspicuous browii markings as follows: at the base of the wing, midway
between the base of the wing and the origin of Rs; at the origin of R.s; a stigmal
blotch connected with a broad seaming on the cord; outer end of cell 1st M2
and the tips of several of the longitudinal veins; veins browTiish green. Vena-
tion: (see plate II, fig. 7) Sc long, extending about to mid-length of Rs; Rs
long, some three to four times as long as the deflection of Ra+s] cell 1st M2 long
and narrow; basal deflection of Cui just beyond the fork of M.
Abdomen bright green throughout, the lobes of the hypopygium more yel-
lowish.
Habitat.^ — Ecuador. Holotype, cf , Huigra, Ecuador, altitude
4500 feet, June 16, 1914 (Parish coll.).
From the described green or greenish species of Geranomyia
(virescens Loew'^ philippii Alexander ^^) this species differs in the
spotted wings and brown bands on the femora.
Geranomyia tibialis Loew
1851. Aporosa tibialis Loew, Linnaea Entomologica, v., p. 397.
Several specimens taken at Lima, Peru, altitude 500 feet, col-
lected from July 29 to August 24, 1914, by H. S. Parish.
Tribe Antochini
Genus TEUCHOLABIS Osten Sacken
Teucholabis jocosa Alexander
1913. Teucholabis jocosa Alexander, Entomological News, xxiv, pp. 440, 441,
pi. XVI, fig. 3.
Two males from Cah, Colombia, altitude 500 feet, May 28,
1914, collected by Parish. One male from La Cumbre, Colom-
bia, :\Iay 18, 1914, taken by Parish.
Genus TOXORHINA Loew
Toxorliina brasiliensis Westwood
1835. Limnobiorhynchus brasiliensis Westwood, Ann. Soc. Entom. France,
iv, p. 683.
'^ 1851. virescens Loew, Linnaea Entomologica, v, p. 398 {Aporosa).
i« 1865. virescens Philippi, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xv, p. 597, pi.
XXIII, fig. 1, {Plettusa). 1913. philippii Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
xhv, p. 487.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
14 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Two males from Lima, Peru, altitude 500 feet, August 19, 20,
1914, collected by Parish.
Genus ORIMARGA Osten Sacken
Orimarga andina s]). n.
Light gray, the thoracic pleura with a broad silvery stripe; wings sub hyaline;
legs medium brown.
Male. — Length, 8.6 mm.; wing, 5.8 mm.
Female. — Length, 8.5 mm. ; wing, 6 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae very dark brown, the
first segment dusted with gray. Head light gray, brightest on the front.
Thoracic praescutuni plumbeous with a gray l^loom; an indistinct darker
median stripe; lateral margin of the sclerite brightest; scutum light gray, each
lobe with a darker mark, these marldngs almost contiguous on the middle line,
scutellum pale brown; postnotum with a pale gray bloom. Pleura light silvery
gray with an indistinct narrow brown line from the cervical sclerites to the
base of the halteres; sternites darker, brownish, the sternum and the pleura
together enclosing a broad silvery stripe. Halteres with the extreme base
orange brown, stem white, knob brown. Legs with the coxae and trochanters
orange-brown with a very sparse gray bloom; remainder of the legs brown.
Wings with the extreme base orange-brown; remainder subhyaline; veins
brown. Venation: (see plate I, fig. 7) basal deflection of Cih about mid-length
of the radial sector.
Abdomen dark brown with a sparse gray bloom, the hypopygium reddish.
Habitat. — Colombia. Holotype, cf, La Cumbre, Colombia,
altitude 6600 feet. May 15, 1914 (Parish coll.). Allotype, 9,
topotypic.
The described American species of this genus may be separated
by the following key:
1. Wings subhyaline with dots on the cross- veins and deflections of veins
[color of the body blue-gray; legs pale, almost white]. (British Guiana)
punctipennis Alexander ^^
Wings subhyaline or suffused with darker, not spotted with brown .... 2
2. Tips of the tarsi white. (Panama) niveitarsis Alexander's
Tips of the tarsi not white.
3. Thoracic pleura without a silvery band; legs pale yellow with the tip of
the femur, base and tip of the tibia black. (Southwestern United
States) arizonensis CoquiUett ''
Thoracic pleura with a broad silvery band ; legs with the segments imif orm
in color throiighout 4
1^ 1914. punctipennis Alexander, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xl, p. 239, pi. IV,
fig. 3.
" 1915. niveitarsis Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xlix, p. 765, pi. 75,
fig. 5.
i» 1902. arizonensis CoquiUett, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxv, pp. 83, 84.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 15
4. Dark brownish black; legs dark browTi; wings uniformly suffused with
dark, the veins ahnost black. (Guatemala) argenteopleura A\e\andeY^°
Light bro^ai with a gray bloom; legs medium brown; wings subhyaline,
the veins pale brown. (Colombia) andina sp. n.
Genus ATARBA Osten Sacken
Atarba brunneicornis sp. n.
Antennae brown; femora uniform in color throughout; wings very light j^el-
low.
Male. — Length, 4.8 mm.; wing, 5.3 mm.
Rostrum rather long, dark brown; palpi dark brownish black. Antennae
very long and slender, longer than the head and thorax together; the flagellar
segments elongated, covered with a thick white pubescence and with one long
hair on the outer face; antennae with the basal segments reddish brown, the
flagellum dark browTiish black. Head with a deUcate impressed line extending
from the occiput cephalad to a slight frontal tubercle which is provided in
front with two small hairs; head brown, thinly whitish polhnose.
Thoracic dorsum dull yellow without apparent darker stripes. Pleura
whitish yellow. Halteres pale, the knob broA\-nish. Legs with the coxae and
trochanters dull yellow; femora yellow; tibiae and tarsi brownish yellow.
Wings very hght yellow, iridescent, a faint brown ill-defined suffusion in the
region of the stigma; veins pale brown. Venation: (see plate I, fig. 6) Sc end-
ing opposite the origm of Rs; Rs straight or nearly so, obhque; cell 1st Mi
twice as long as broad; basal deflection of Cui under the middle of cell 1st M-z.
Abdominal tergites dark brown, the apex of the segments rather paler;
typopygium brownish yellow; sternites dull yellow. Hypopygium (see plate
IV, fig. 2) with the pleurites rather long and slender, bearing two chitinized
appendages, the ventral apical appendage rather flattened, the caudal or outer
edge with about five sharp teeth, the tip produced into a point; the dorsal
apical appendage is slender, subcyhndrical, curved shghtly dorsad, and
shghtly longer than the ventral appendage; guard of the penis a little shorter
than the pleurites, cyhndrical.
Habitat. — Colombia. Holotype, d^, La Cuinbre, Colombia,
altitude 6600 feet, May 18, 1914 (Parish coll.).
A. hrunneicornis is allied to A. co^wmfetana Alexander-^ also from
Colombia but the two forms may be separated by means of the
following key :
Femora with a brown ring just before the tip; Rs longer, arcuated; cell 1st
Mo short and almost square; basal deflection o Cih just beyond the fork
of M. Columbiana Alexander^
20 1913. nrgenleopleura Alexander, Psyche, xx, p. 48, pi. 2, fig. f.
21 Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xxi, p. 199, 1913.
22 1913. Columbiana Alexander, Journ. X. Y. Ent. Soc, xxi, \i. 199, pi. 5,
fig. 4.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
16 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Femora unicolorous, without a brown ring before the tip; Rs short, straight,
oblique; cell 1st M2 longer, almost twice as long as broad; basal deflec-
tion of Cui about mid-length of cell 1st M2. brunneicornis sp.n.
These two species are the only American forms so far discovered with uni-
colorous antennae, the remaining species, yicticornis Osten Sacken23 and vari-
cornis Alexander, ^^ having the antennal segments bicolorous.
Tribe Eriopterini
Genus ERIOPTERA Meigen
Subgenus Mesocyphona Osten Sacken
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) caloptera Say, var.
1823. Erioptera caloptera Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iii, p. 17.
Three males and one female from Hiiigra, Ecuador, altitude
4500 feet, collected by Parish; two males from Lima, Peru,
altitude 500 feet, Parish collector.
This insect, which seems to be a variety of the common
caloptera, has a broad dark brown premedian and apical band on
the femora, the pale band enclosed by them being a little more
extensive than in typical caloptera.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) annulipes Williston
1896. Erioptera annulipes Williston, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 294.
Two males from Caldas, Colombia, May 12, 1914; a male
and a female from CaU, Colombia, May 23, 1914; collected by
Parish.
Erioptera (Mesocyphona) eiseni Alexander
1913. Erioptera (Mesocyphona) eiseni Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
xliv, p. 516, pi. 67, fig. 26.
One female from Cisneros, Colombia, June 3, 1914; two males,
three females from La Cumbre, Colombia, altitude 6600 feet,
May 18, 1914; collected by Parish.
Genus GONOMYIA Meigen
Subgenus Leiponeura Skuse
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) recurvata Alexander
1914. Gononnjia {Leiponeura) recurvata Alexander, Jovu-n. N. Y. Ent. Soc,
xxii, p. 121, pi. 11, fig. 6.
23 1869. picticornis Osten Sacken, Monogr. Dipt. N. Am., iv, p. 12S, pi. I,
fig. 13.
^* 1913. varicornis Alexander, Ent. News, xxiv, p. 448, pi. XIV, fig. 10.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 17
A male and a female from Alaousi, Ecuador, altitude 9450 feet,
Jmie 18, 1914; one male and one female from Huigra, Ecuador,
altitude 4500 feet, June 13 to 16, 1914; collected by Parish.
The genitalia of the male differs somewhat from the descrip-
tion of the typical Costa Rican specimens, Init I do not think
at this time that the material represents a distinct species.
These differences are: the two chitinous points at the tip of the
recurved ventral gonapophyse are longer; the fleshy lobe near
the middle of the intermediate apical appendage is not tooth-like
or conical as in typical recurvata, but is truncated at the apex
which bears two large hairs.
Gonomyia (Leiponeura) near alexanderi Johnson
1912. Elliptera alexanderi Johnson, Psyche, xbc, p. 3, fig. 6.
Abundantly represented in the collection from Lima, Peru,
altitude 500 feet, collected by Parish; both sexes are represented
in the material which is dated from August 4 to August 21, 1914.
This fly probably represents a new species closely related to
alexanderi.
Subgenus Gonomyia Aleigen
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) jejuna sp. n.
Basal segments of the antennae yellow; a conspicuous dark brown i)leural
stripe; wings with cell 1st Mo open.
Male. — Length, 3.8 to 4 mm.; wing, 5 to 5.3 mm.
Female. — Length, 4.4 to 4.6 mm.; wing, 5.5 to 5.7 mm.
Rostrum and palpi very dark brown. Antennae rather long and slender,
in the male if bent backward, extending beyond the wing-root, the scapal
segments orange-yellow, flagellar segments oval, dark brown with a rather
dense silvery pubescence. Head light yellow with darker markings on the
vertex.
Thoracic praescutum brown with a sparse yellowish l)rown bloom, the sder-
ite darker in front but without distinct stripes; scutellum and postnotum
darker, plumbeous. Pleura pale yellowish white with a broad dark brown
stripe from the sides of the pronotum to the base of the halteres. Halteres
brown, the knobs darker. Legs dull yellowish, the femora, tibiae and tarsi
more brown. Wings nearly hyaline, the veins brown. Venation: (see plate
I, fig. 8) Sc short ending far before the origin of Rs; Rir.^ shorter than 7?3 alone;
Rs in a Une with JS4+5, the defle(;tion of the latter being obhterated; cell 1st Ah
open due to the atrophy of the outer deflection of Mr, basal deflection of Cui
at the fork of M.
Al)doniinal tergites dark brown, the basal sternites paler, more yellowish.
Hypopygium (see plate IV, fig. 1) witli the pleura (a) rather short and stout,
cylindrical, the inner dorsal angle with a fleshy lobe jirojecting dorsad and in-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
18 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
ward. Two apical appendages, the outer appendage (b) fleshy, slender at the
base, gradually enlarged into the flattened tip and here provided with numer-
ous long hairs, the dorsal margin produced into a single subappressed sharp
chitinized spine; this appendage is bent inward and the flattened exj^anded
tips almost meet on the middle line; the inner pleural appendage (c) fleshy, bent
at the middle, the tip directed dorsad. The penis-guard (d) is represented by a
central subfleshy lobe with the tip constricted and ending in an obtuse point
beneath, on either side with a very slender, chitinous hook whose tip is bent
ventrad.
The female is quite as in the male, the antennae a little shorter but still
longer than is usual in this genus of flies ; lateral margin of the praescutum whit-
ish; a more or less conspicuous white band on the pleura beneath the brown
pleural stripe; ovipositor with the valves long and slender.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype, cf, Lima, Peru, altitude 500
feet, July 29, 1914 (Parish coll.). Allotype, 9, topotypic;
August 19, 1914. Paratypes, 10 cf', 9, topotypic, July 29, to
August 31, 1914.
The three related species, cognatella O. S., delicata Alex, and
the present form may be separated by the following key:
1. Wings hyaline or nearly so; Sc short, ending far before the origin of the
radial sector 2
Wings tinged with yellow; Sc long, ending nearly opposite or just before
the origin of the radial sector. (Eastern United States)
cognatella O. S.^
2. Mesonotum broadly edged with yellow in front and on the sides; two
brown pleural stripes. (Guatemala) delicata Alex.^s
Mesonotum without a conspicuous yellowish margin; a single broad brown
pleural stripe. (Peru) jejuna sp.n.
The members of the cognatella group have the following com-
mon characters: Cell R2 of the wings large, vein Ro being oblique;
cell 1st Mi open by the atrophy of the outer deflection of Nz]
basal deflection of Cui at the fork of M; basal segments of the
antennae yellow.
Gonomyia (Gonomyia) velutina sp. n.
Head gray; pleura with a prominent white longitudinal band; wings sparsely
spotted with brown.
Male. — Length, 5.3 mm.; wing, 7-7.4 mm.
Female. — Length, 6.5 mm.; wing, G.8 nun.
Rostrum dark brown; palpi dark brownish black. Antennae dark brownish
black, rather short, the segments of the flagellum oval to shghtly elongate-
oval. Head dark brown, dusted with gray.
2^ 1859. cognatella Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 230, pi.
4, fig. 17.
2" 1913. delicata Alexander, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xliv, p. 506.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 19
Pronotum dark brown, whitish laterally. Mesonotal praescutum dark
brown, thinly dusted with gray, the pseudosutural foveae very prominent,
elongate; scutum light gray; scutellum very pale grayish white; postnotum
grayish medially, In-oadly and abruptly whitish on the sides. Tleura brownish
gray with a very broad white band extending from behind the fore coxa to the
base of the abdomen. Halteres brownish. Legs with the coxae ])rownish,
more 3-ellow at the base; trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow, a little
darkened at the tip; tibiae dull yellow, the tip narrowly brown; tarsi brown.
Wings light gray to brownish subhyaline, usually with distinct brown clouds
as follows: stigmal, base of Rs, along the cord, cross-vein 7)1, middle of cell M,
above the tip of Snd A. Venation: (see plate II, figs. 9, 10) Sc varying in
length, the distance beyond the base of Rs sometimes one-half the length of
Rs, at other times onlj^ about one-quarter of this length.
Abdominal tergites yellowish brown; sternites dull Ijrownish yellow.
Habitat. — Feru. Holotype, cf, Matucana, Peru, altitude
7f00 feet, April 22, 1913 (C. H. T. Townsend coll.). Allotype,
9, topotypic, altitude 7788 feet, June 14, 1914 (Parish coll.).
Paratypes, 2cf , 19, topotypic, same data as for the allotype but
taken June 15, 1914.
This species agrees quite closely with Go7iomyia (Gonomyia)
slossonae Alexander -'' but the gray head, different thoracic color-
ation and the spotted wings will serve to separate the two forms.
Genus MOLOPHILUS Curtis
Molophilus capricornis sp. n.
Color medium brown; antennae short; wings with a brown blotch at the
cord; ventral pleural appendage of the male hypopygium almost straight,
pointed at its tip, the inner margin with obscure teeth.
Male. — Length, 4.2 mm.; wing, 5.1 mm.
Female. — Length, 3.9-4 mm.; wing, 4.3 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae short, the segments oval,
clothed with long, pale hairs, the organ l^lack throughout. Head dark col-
ored with a gray bloom.
Mesonotal praescutum light Ijrown; a row of hairs on either side, just inside
the proximal end of the pseudosutural foveae; the region anterior to the pseu-
dosutural foveae is light yellow; ends of the pronotal scutellum light shiny
yellow. Pleura plumbeous. Halteres i)ale, the elongate knob only a little
darker. Legs with the coxae light yellowish lirown ; trochanters light brown;
remainder of the legs dark brown, ^^■ings light brown, a darker coloration
amounting to a spot in the vicinity of the cord and caused by the abundance
of hairs at that place, ^'enation as in plate I, fig. 9.
Abdomen dark brown. Male hypopygium with the ventral pUnual append-
age (see plate IV, fig. 3) heavily chitinizcd, almost straight, or the tij) directed
" Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1914, p. 588, pi. XXVII, fig. 26.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
20 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
a little proximad; the base is cylindrical, smooth, at about mid-length widened
out into a subflattened blade whose inner margin is provided with about a
dozen very obscure, appressed teeth, the tip produced into a long, sharp point.
Habitat. — Colombia, Peru. Holotype, cf. La Cumbre, Col-
ombia, altitude 6600 feet, May 18, 1914 (Parish coll.). Allo-
type, 9, topotypic, May 15, 1914. Paratypes, 2cf, 29, topo-
typic, May 18, 1914; Icf, Matueana, Peru, altitude 7788 feet,
June 15, 1914.
Molophilus tenebricosus sp. n.
Color dark brownish black ; antennae elongate, sub-nodulose ; ventral pleural
appendage of the male hypopygium simple, curved, acutely pointed.
Male. — Length, 3.5 to 3.6 mm.; wing, 4.6 to 4.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish l)lack. Antennae elongate, if bent back-
ward extending nearly to the base of the abdomen, sub-nodulose, the segments
enlarged at the base, the apex more slender, the segments clothed with long,
outstretched hairs; antennae black throughout. Head dark brownish black
with a gray bloom.
Thoracic dorsum dark brown with a sparse gray bloom, the anterior margin
of the praescutum before the pseudosutural foveae and the lateral margin
of the pronotal scutellum very pale yellow. Pleura grayish brown. Halteres
rather stout, the base pale yellow, the knob more brownish. Legs with the
coxae light yellow; trochanters yellowish brown; remainder of the legs dark
brown. Wings dark brown, the venation as in plate I, fig. 10.
Abdomen dark brownish l)lack. The male hypopygimu with the ventral
pleural appendage (see plate IV, fig. 4) heavily chitinized, simple, slender,
curved and ending in a sharp point. From between the pleurites there pro-
jects an elongate, straight appendage of a yellow color which is presumably
the penis-guard.
Habitat. — Colombia. Holotype, cf, La Cumbre, Colombia,
altitude 6600 feet, May 18, 1914 (Parish coll.). Paratypes, 3cf ,
topotypic, May 15 to 20, 1914.
Genus TRIMICRA Osten Sacken
Trimicra andensis sp. n.
Male. — Length, 6.2 to 6.4 mm.; wing, 9.8 to 10 mm.
Head and thorax gray, the latter with three brown stripes; wings gray spotted
with brown on the cross-veins.
Rostrum, palpi and antennae dark brownish black. Head light gray with
several long black hairs.
Thoracic dorsum light gray with three narrow dark brown lines on the prae-
scutum; several long black hairs along these stripes; lobes of the scutum in-
distinctly browned; scutellum pale, whitish; postnotum light gray. Pleura
pale gray. Halteres pale brown, the knobs darker. Legs with the coxae dark
brown; trochanters yellowish brown; femora light l)rown, broadly infuscatcd
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 21
at the tip; tibiae lirown soon passing into dark brown; tarsi dark brown; legs
densely hairy. Wings rather narrow, grayish; distinct brown clouds along
the cord and outer deflection of cell 1st Mi] veins dark brown. Venation as in
plate II, fig. 8.
Abdominal segments dark brown, the lateral margins narrowlj^ and abruptly
pale; hypopygium reddish; abdomen provided with numerous long pale hairs.
Habitat. — Ecuador, Peru. Holotype, d" , Alaousi, Ecuador,
altitude 9450 feet, June 17, 1914 (Parish coll.). Para type, c^,
Matucana, Peru, altitude 7788 feet, July 14, 1914.
Similar to the North American T. anomala Osten Sacken-^
but the thorax is much clearer graj', the head gray instead of
brownish, the wings gray instead of brown, the cell 1st M^
smaller and the veins issuing from it much longer. I would have
identified this with the Limnophila trichopus Philippi,-^ but the
latter is described as having five posterior cells to the wings.
Genus GNOPHOMYIA (^sten Sacken
Gnophomyia pervieax Alexander
1914. Gnophomyia perncax Alexander, Ent. News, xxv, p. 208, pi. IX, fig. 7.
One female from La Cumbre, Colombia, altitude 6600 feet,
May 18, 1914, collected by Parish.
Tribe Litn nophiUni
Genus EPIPHRAGMA Osten Sacken
Epiphragma gracilicornis sp. n.
Wings diversified, not ])anded; antennae elongated.
Female. — Length, 11 mm.; wing, 11.2 mm.; antennae about 3.8 mm.
Rostrum and palpi dark brownish black. Antennae very long and slender,
in this sex, if bent backward, extending about to the base of the abdomen;
segments 1 and 2 black, segment 3 yellow with a brown ring about mid-length;
segments 4 and 5 dark brown with the apical fourth to third dull yellow;
remaining segments dark brown with the extreme tip slightly i)aler. Front
very narrow between the eyes, head tlark gray.
Pronotal scutum dull yellow with a brown cross-band about mid-length;
scutellum dull yellow. Mesonotal praescutum rich chestnut with darker mark-
ings as follows: the extreme cephaUc margin is brown and sends back a nar-
row median point to almost mid-length of the segment ; lateral margin behind
broadly dark Ijrowii, at the pseudosutural fovea sending a short point proxi-
mad; a large quadrate spot on either side of the middle line on the posterior
end of the sclerite just before the caudal margin; caudal margin of the praes-
-^ 18G1. anomala Osten Sacken, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., p. 290.
23 18(i5. triclwpm Phihppi, Verh. k.-k. zool.-bot. Ges. Wein, xv, p. 610,
(Limnopliila).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
22 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
cutuin and the anterior two-thirds of the scutum hght yellow pollinose ; scutel-
lum light gray pruinose, a dark brown basal spot on either side of the middle
line; postnotum with the margins brown enclosing a gray pruinose triangle
whose point is behind. Pleura light yellow pollinose with large brown patches
on the mesepisterruim and mesosternum. Halteres long and slender, the
extreme base and the tip of the knob light yellow, the remainder brown.
Legs with the coxae dull yellow with brown clouds over a large portion of the
outer faces; trochanters dull yellow, a brown cloud at the tip behind; femora
light yellowish brown, the apical third yellow and including a broad brown sub-
apical band; tibiae and tarsi brown. Wings hyaline, the costal cell before the
supernumerary ci'oss-vein with two yellow blotches surrounded by a brown
margin; remainder of the wing with numerous brown markings arranged as
in the figure. Venation: (see plate I, fig. 11) a spur near the origin of Rs
which is very long; E2+3 in a line with Rs; inner end of the elongate cell 1st M2
only a little longer than the cross-vein r-ni and the basal deflection of i?4+6-
Abdominal tergites brown with a large rounded j^ellowish brown patch
enclosing the impressed mark at near mid -length of the segments ; caudal mar-
gins of the sclerites narrowly pale; sternites dark brown.
Habitat. — Colombia. Holotype, 9 , La Ciimbre, Colombia,
altitude 6600 feet, May 18, 1914 (Parish coll.).
This insect is closely related to E. circinata Osten Sacken, of
Costa Rica, in the elongate antennae, but the two forms may be
separated by the following key:
1. Antennae brown, the first flagellar segment yellow; wings broader, gray--
ish, cell Isi M2 not so elongated, the petiole of cell R2 long. (Costa
Rica) circinata O. S.^°
Antennae brown, the first flagellar segment yellow with a bi'own ring, the
two succeeding segments broadly tipped with yellow; wings narrower,
hyaline, cell 1st Mo elongated, the petiole of cell R^ short. (Colombia)
gracilicornis sp. n.
Genus LIMNOPHILA Macquart
Lininophila lloydi Alexander
1913. LimunphUa lloydi Alexander, .Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xxi, p. 205, pi.
5, fig. 9.
One male from Huigra, Ecuador, altitude 4500 feet, June 15,
1914, collected by Parish.
Subfamily Tipulinae
Tribe Tipulini
Genus TIPULA Linnaeus
Tipula obliquefasciata Macquart
1S4(). Tijinla ohliqucjasciata Maccjuart, Dipt. Exot. Suppl., i, \). 15, pi. 1,
fig. 10.
'« 1886. circinata Osten Backen, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Dipt ., i, i). 9, pi. I, fig. 1.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 23
One female from Lima, Peru, altitude 500 feet, taken on
August 21, 1914, by Parish.
The Monilifera Group.
In Linnaea Entomologica for 1851, Dr. Loew descril)cd a re-
markable species of crane-fly as Tipida monilifera n. sp. This
insect came from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and was indicated as
being notable by the beautiful wing-pattern and the interesting
structure of the antennae in the male sex. In 1886 von Roder^"^
described from Ecuador, under the name of moniliformis, a
second form distinguished from Loew's species by th(^ much
lighter (yellow) ground-color of the wings and other characters.
In 1891, the third species, ornaticornis, was described by "\"an
der Wulp,^- his type coming from Colombia.
The group is very well represented in collections received from
South and Middle America, especially from the Andean region,
and in the present account the author has endeavored to give
his opinions concerning the status of the group. From the great
variation in the specimens it is easily understood that we are
here not only dealing with numerous forms that are closely re-
lated to one another, but also with species which show a con-
siderable degree of variability in color-pattern.
It appears that the group has been derived from forms such as
exilis sp. n. and jivaro sp. n., and the following Hues of specializa-
tion seem to have been followed: the antennae, from the short,
normal Tipuline organ with the flagellar segments enlarged-oval
at the base and slightly and gradually constricted about mid-
length, have gradually evolved into the slender, graceful antenna
which in the more specialized forms {monilifera Loew, monili-
formis Roder, armillatus sp. n.) is nearly as long as the entire
body; in these forms the ten apical flagellar segments are en-
larged-rounded at the base, abruptly constricted into a long,
slender, uniform pedicel beyond, producing the nodulose, bead-
like effect that is so conspicuous in these insects. Evolution
in the wing-venation is not so apparent, as might well be expected
in this remarkably homogeneous genus of flies; however, the
slight shortening of the radial sector and the tendency of R2 to
31 Stett. Ent. Zeit., xlvii, p. 259.
32Tijd. voor Entomol, xxxiv., p. 195, pi. 12, figs. 1, 2.
TRANS. ENT. AM. SOC, XLII.
24 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
diverge from Rz is apparent. The genitalia of the male
sex shows several distinct lines of specialization. The general-
ized jivaro and exilis have the ninth tergite large, subquadrate,
with a broad and deep median furrow; the ninth pleurite is
extensive, the eighth sternite very small but with a conspicuous
median tripartite organ. As evolution proceeds we find the
broad furrow on the ninth tergite narrowed to a delicate impressed
line, the ninth pleurite becoming small, oval or elongate-oval,
situated on the caudal face of the ninth sternite and the eighth
sternite with the median lobe single and finally becoming re-
duced to a mere tuft of hairs. The order of specialization in
the forms known to me seems to be about as follows:
1. More generalized with shortened antennae and generalized
hypopygium, — jivaro, exilis and possibly other species described
by earlier workers, l^ut from their insufficient descriptions not
definitely recognized.
2. No representatives of the intermediate group are known to
me.
3. With the antennae elongated but still much shorter than the
body, — 7nitua, ornaticornis V. d. W., carizona Alex.
4. Highly specialized species with the antennae only a little
shorter than the entire body, — monilijera Loew, moniliformis
Rod., armillatus. Of uncertain position, known only from
the female sex, — quichua sp. n.
The body color-pattern is curious and is indicated in all of the
species. The insects show a more or less distinct, very narrow,
dorso-median vitta running from the head over the entire length
of the thorax; on the ground color between the usual thoracic
stripes occur rather abundant hair-like setae and each of the
setigerous punctures is surrounded by a ])rown circle, producing
a spotted appearance.
Tipula exilis sp. n.
Monilijera group; antennae short in both sexes; head and thorax dark gray;
a narrow dorso-median Une running the length of the thorax; wings mottled
white, brown and gray; abdomen of the female very long and slender.
Male. — Length, 12 to 15 mm.; wing, 12.1 to 14.1 mm.; abdomen, 11.6 mm.
Female. — Length, 24 to 26 mm.; wing, 1.5.2 to 15.5 mm.; abdomen, 19 to
21.5 mm.
Frontal i)rolongati()n of the head modrrately long, brown, a littlo darker
on the sides of the organ; palpi nioderatcly long, dark brown. Antennae
rather short (sec plate IV, fig. 5), a little longer than in T. jivaro which is very
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 25
closely related; the thi-ee basal antennal segments light yellow; the following
two with the enlarged basal quarter black, the remainder brownish yellow;
remaining antennal segments almost uniformly dark bro-mi with an abundant
silvery pubescence. Frontal tubercle distinct; head dull gray with a narrow,
indistinct brown median vitta; occiput tinged with reddish yellow.
Thoracic dorsiun almost uniformly dull gray excepting the narrow dark
broTATi median vitta which is distinct on the praescutum, broadened on the
postnotum; scutellum paler on the sides. Pleura mostly dark gray, the in-
tegument more brown. Halteres long, slender, with the knob brown, the
stem dull yellow. Legs wdth the coxae hght yellowish browii; trochanters
and femora hght brown, the latter dark brown at the tip; tibiae hght bro\\'n,
the tip dark brown; tarsi hght brown, the apical segments dark bro^\'n. Wings
with the costal cell yellowish, remainder of the wings variegated with w'hitish,
brown and gray; the white area beyond the stigma includes most of the wing-
apex, the tips of cells R2 and R3 and smaller areas in cells Ro and the outer
medial cells being grayish; the stigmal area is bro^n; gray clouds at the origin
of Rs, at mid-length of cell R, and in most of the basal cells. Venation: (see
plate III, fig. 1) the tip of R2 indistinct, very pale.
Abdominal tergites 1 to 5 dull yellow, 6 to 8 dark brown, the ninth medium
brown; an indistinct brown lateral stripe; sternites dull yellow, the terminal
segments dark gray. Hypopygium quite similar to that of T.jivaro, the eighth
tergite broad, conspicuous, the caudal margin straight across or even slightly
convex medially; ninth tergite (see plate V, fig. 2) broadly subquadrate, with
a deep median furrow as in jivaro, the caudal margin produced into a median
lobe whose outer angles are chitinized teeth. Ninth pleurite about as in
jivaro, the caudal prolongation (a) reduced to a tiny lobe which is scarcely
visible; the more chitinized lobe (b) which arises from the ventral portion of
the sclerite is a little smaller; the pleural appendages are similar to those of
jivaro. The tripartite appendage to the eighth sternite is as showii in the figure
(see plate V, fig. 5), the lateral lobes being elongated, only a httle shorter than
the median lobe.
The female is similar to the male, the antennae a httle shorter, with the
dorso-median thoracic vitta running the whole length of the sclerite; abdomen
greatly elongated, slender, tergal valves of the ovii)Ositor short and high, the
sternal valves still shorter, very high.
Habitat. — Peru. Holotype,cf , San Cristobal Hill, Lima, Peru,
altitude 1000 feet, September 26, 1912 (C. H. T. Townsencl coll.).
Allotype, 9 , topotypic. Paratypes, 2 cf , 4 9 , topotj^pic.
Tipula jivaro sp. n.
Monilifera group; antennae short, bicolorous; thorax gray with brown
stripes and numerous brown spots on the interspaces of the praescutum;
wings marbled with subhyahne, gray and brown.
Male. — Length, 18 mm.; wing, 18 mm.; antennae about 5.5 mm.
Female. — Length, 22 mm.; wing, 16.4 mm.; abdomen, 16.1 mm.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
"26 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Frontal prolongation of the head yellowish brown, rather elongated, a nar-
row dark brown line along the side; palpi short, dark bro\\Tiish black. An-
tennae with the first segment elongate cyhndrical, a little narrowed toward
the base; the second segment small, without a distinct tooth as in the other
members of the monilifera group ; the segments 4 to the end of the organ with a
basal swelling which occupies about one-quarter of the segment; the segment
beyond the basal swelling slightly constricted (see plate IV, fig. 6) ; antennae
with the three basal segments light yellow, remaining segments dark brownish
black on the basal enlargement, the remainder of the segment yellowish
brown. Front with a distinct tubercle, scarcely if at all notched in front;
vertex Ught brown passing into gray on the occiput; median portion of the
vertex darker brown, paler, more yellowish adjoining the eyes.
Pronotum light grayish brown with a darker brown longitudinal Une and
a transverse row of dark brown dots. Mesonotal praescutum light brownish
gray; a very narrow dark brown median line broadened behind; on either
side of this Une, a broader paler grayish brown line, darkest in front, behind
becoming confluent with the narrow median vitta. Lateral stripes short and
rather indistinct; the interspaces between the thoracic stripes are provided
with rather numerous setae, the base of each of which is surrounded by a
dark brown spot producing the spotted appearance characteristic of this
group of species; scutum fight gray with two small brownish spots, the smallest
of which lies in the outer anterior angle of the sclerite, the larger one behind;
a few brown setigerous markings on either side of the dark brown middle Une;
scuteUum and i^ostnotum light gray with a deUcate brown middle Une and a few
sparse brown setigerous punctures. Pleura light brown, heavily gray pruinose.
Halteres light brown, rather short. Legs with the coxae light yellowish gray,
the outer face provided with numerous setiferous punctures; trochanters
yellow; femora dull yellow, the tip broadly dark browii; tibiae light yellow,
tipped with dark brown; tarsi dark brown. Wings with the costal cell rich
yellow, remainder of the membrane light brownish gray, a broad white
cross-band extending from beyond the stigma almost across the wing outside
the cord, occupying the end of cell 2nd Ri, base of R2, basal portion of R3 and Ri,
basal haK of 1st M2 and parts of M3 and Cui] a hyaUne dash in ceU R along
vein R, this including the proximal end of ceU 1st Ri;si whitish blotch at about
three-fourths of the length of cell M; brown clouds as follows: stigmal blotch,
this being continued down the cord to the ceU 1st Mo] narrow seams along Cu
and 2nd A, at the end of Sc, at the origin of Rs and on vein R midway between
the arculus and the base of Rs. Venation as in plate 3, fig. 2.
Abdominal tergites duU yellow with a distinct interrupted dorsal brown
Une; lateral edges of the segments broadly brown, the terminal segments
darker, more uniformly brown. Hypopygium (see plate V, fig. 1) with the
eighth tergite rather broad, straight across the caudal margin. Ninth tergite
(plate V, fig. 3) elongate, subquadrate, with a deep and broad median furrow
extending the length of the sclerite; caudal margin with a sharp chitinized
tooth on either side of the broad furrow described above. The ninth plourite
distinct, situated on the caudal face of the ninth sternitc; a cylindrical fleshy
lobe (6) with long hairs on the vcntro-ce])halic i>()rtion of the jileurite; a large
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 27
fleshy organ (a) directed caudad, enlarged at the base, pointed at the tip, their
inner surface at the base with a great patch of chitinized bristles which are
continguous with those of the opposite side in a position of rest. Pleural
appendages consisting of an outer, very slender, subcylindrical, fleshy lobe,
and an inner appendage consisting of a subchitinous arm ending in two
chitinized lobes; the outer lobe is subrounded at the apex, the inner one pro-
duced cephalad into a short, cylindrical point. Ninth sternite deeplj^ spht
medially. Eighth sternite small, widely separated from the 8th tergite; from
the middle portion of this sternite arises a tripartite appendage (see plate V,
fig. 6) consisting of a long median lobe which is curved upward in dried speci-
mens but becomes straightened out when the specimen is boiled ; on either side
of this elongate median lobe is a small, pale lateral lobe.
The female is similar to the male with the antennae shorter; the ovipositor
with the upper valves long, slender, subacute at their apices and slightly up-
curved; sternal valves shorter and slightly higher.
Habitat. — Ecuador. Holotype, cT, Alaoiisi, Ecuador, alti-
tude 9450 feet, June 18, 1914 (Parish coll.). Allotype, 9,
topotypic.
The specific name is that of a native tribe of Ecuador; called
also Xibaro and Gibaro.
I regard this species as being the second most generalized
member of the monilifera group, exilis being a little more primi-
tive in many respects.
The two known species of this group with the antennae short
in both sexes may be separated by the following key:
1. Head and thorax dark gray with a narrow dorso-median line nmning the
length of the thorax; male hypopygium without a distinct caudal pro-
longation to the ninth pleurite; eighth sternite with the lateral lobes of
the tripartite appendage long; abdomen of the female long and slender
(20 mm.). (Peru) exilis sp. n.
Head light brown passing into gray on the occiput; thorax light brownish
gray with brown stripes and numerous brown spots on the interspaces
between these stripes; male hypopygium with a distinct fleshy lobe
directed caudad and situated on the ninth i^leurite; eighth sternite with
the lateral lobes of the tripartite appendage short; al)domen of the female
of moderate length (16 mm.). (Ecuador) jimro sp. n.
Tipula quichua sp. n.
Monilifera group; antennae, bicolored; thorax light gray with a deUcate
dark brown dorso-median line running the entire length; wings largely gray
and white; femora with the tips brown and a subterminal yellow ring.
Female. — Length, 21 mm.; wing, 1.5.2 mm.; abdomen, 14.5 mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head light l)ro\\^ushgray; palpi short, ilark brown.
Antennae with the three basal segments light yellow; fourth segment with the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
28 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
basal portion blackish around the insertions of the bristles; remaining segments
dark at the base, toward the tip of the organ the entire segment is darkened.
Head gray, a median stripe and the region adjoining the eye dark brown.
Thoracic dorsum light gray with a narrow dark brown median stripe running
from the pronotum to the end of the mesonotal postnotum ; on either side of this
vitta on the praescutum is a light brownish gray stripe, darkest in front; lateral
stripes shortened but distinct; numerous dark brown spots, some being con-
fluent, on the interspaces of the praescutum; scutum, scutellum and postnotum
with the ground color light gray. Pleura very pale whitish gray. Halterea
Ught yellow, the knob darkened. Legs with the coxae pale grayish white;
trochanters dull yellow; femora dull yellow passing into brown beyond the
middle, the tip dark brown, a broad yellow subapical ring; tibiae brownish
yellow, tipped with brown; tarsal segments 1 and 2 yellowish bro-wTi, the tips
brown, segments 3 to 5 dark brown. Wings with the costal cell yellowish;
remainder of the wings whitish, gray and brown; the white markings are as
follows: a large band beyond the stigma including the end of cell 2nd Ri, basal
half of ^2, portions of Rs and Ri near the base, most of 1st M2, tip of cell M and
base of cell Ms] cell 7?5 largely pale; cell R similar excepting isolated gray
blotches; cell M and large portions of cells Cu, 1st A and 2nd A whitish; the
stigmal area is dark brown; the tip of the wing, the cord, the base of Rs and
most of the cells of the wing contain gray suffusions. Venation: (plate III,
fig. 3) R2 tends to be swung cephalad at its tip as in the monilifera grouj).
Abdominal tergites light brown, a distinct dark brown dorsal line and the
lateral margins of the segments dark brown; sternites brownish; ovipositor
with the tergal valves very slender and delicate, the tip scarsely expanded;
sternal valves shorter and a little higher.
Habitat.— Peru. Holotype, 9 , Matucana, Peru, altitude 7788
feet, July 14, 1914 (Parish coll.).
The specific name is that of the native Indian nation of
Peru.
This interesting species is readily separable by the gray thorax
with the prominent dorso-median brown vitta and the gray and
white diversified wings. The subterminal yellow annulus to the
femora is a character not found in the near relatives of this
insect.
Tipula carizona Alexander
1913. Tipula carizona Alexander, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xxi, p. 208, pi. 7,
fig. 7 (wing), figs. 2 to 4 (genitalia).
A male from Matucana, Peru, altitude 7788 feet, July 14, 1914,
collected by Parish; another male from Huancayo, Peru, alti-
tude 10,636 feet on June 27, 1914, Parish, collector.
This species is quite widely distributed in the Andes; it differs
from Van der Wulp's description of ornaticornis by the light gray
color of the thorax instead of opaque rufous.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 29
Tipula mitua sp. n.
Monilifera group; antennae slender, moderately long (c?, 8.5 mm.); thorax
brown without apparent stripes; wings variegated brown and white; male
genitalia with the caudal margin of the ninth tergite deeply rounded, eighth
sternite with a prominent median lobe that is directed caudad.
Male. — Length, 15.5 mm.; wing, 19 mm.; antennae, 8.5. mm.
Frontal prolongation of the head rather long and slender, light brown; palpi
black, paler at the joints. Antennae moderately long (see plate IV, fig. 7)
but with the segments slender as in monilifera; the antennae are less than
one-half the length of the wings; the two basal segments are dull yellow, the
remaining segments with the basal enlargement black, the stem dark brown,
on the terminal segments almost black. Head light Ijrownish yellow with a
narrow dark brown median vitta.
Thoracic praescutum brown without apparent darker stripes; on the inter-
spaces between the usual stripes are numerous brown spots surrounding setiger-
ous punctures; scutum and postnotum brown, narrowly edged around with
dark brown; scutellum yellowish brown. Pleura dull yellow. Halteres
moderately long, dull yellow, darkened toward the knob. Legs with the coxae
and trochanters yellowish brown, broadly tipped with dark brown ; tibiae and
tarsi dark brown. Wings brown and white, the shade of the brown a little
paler than that of monilifera; venation and pattern as in plate III, fig. 4.
Abdomen dull brownish yellow with the lateral margins broadly dark brown;
terminal segments dark brown; sternites dull yellow. Hypopygium as in the
monilifera group; ninth tergite (plate V, fig. 4) with the median furrow of the
more generalized forms {exilis, et al.) reduced to a mere line; caudal margin of
the segment broadly and evenly rounded. Ninth pleurite rather prominent,
subrounded. Eighth sternite (plate V, fig. 7) prominent, with the caudal
margin very convex, bearing an elongate fleshy median lobe, this lobe directed
caudad.
Habitat. — ^Colombia. Holotype, <f , Vallo de las Papas,
Colombia, altitude 10,000 feet, March 29, 19L3, collected by Mr.
John Thomas Lloyd.
The specific name is that of a native Indian tribe occupying
the same region as the species.
This species is similar to monilifera Loew and armiUafus
n. sp. in the dark brown and whitish wing-pattern, but differs in
the shortness of the antennae in the male sex (8.5 mm., with a
wing of 19 mm.) as opposed to monilifera with an antennal
length of 10 mm. and armillatus with the antennae over 12.5
mm. in length. From T. carizona Alex, it differs in the diversified
brown and white wings; from T. ornaticornis V. d. Wulp, by the
color-pattern of the thorax and abdomen. It agrees with these
two last species in the slender median appendage to the eighth
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
30 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
sternite of the male hypopygium. This species is based on a
member of the Lloyd collection and is described from one of the
two specimens referred to monilijera in my previous paper. ^^
The other specimen is here described as T. armillatus n. sp.
and so monilijera is not yet definitely known from Colombia.
Tipula armillatus sp. n.
Monilijera group; antennae of the male very long, nearly as long as the wing
(antenna, 12.8 mm.; wing, 14 to 15 mm.).
Male. — Length, 13 to 14 mm.; wing, 14.2 to 15.2 mm.; antennae, 12.8 to
12.9 mm.
Similar to T. monilijera Loew and T. milua sp. n., differing as follows: anten-
nae very long and slender, the longest for any member of this group of species,
being some four-fifths the length of the wing (see plate IV, fig. 8) ; segment one is
quite normal, segment two with a dense brush of black hairs on the dorsal inner
surface; remainder of the organ light yellow, the last ten flagellar segments
with the brownish black basal swelling, the slender stem passing into dark
brown at about mid-length of the organ.
Thoracic dorsum light brown, the lateral stripes quite lacking, the brown
setigerous punctures on the interspaces scanty. Abdomen mostly dark brown
except on the basal segments. Hypopygium with the ninth tergite having
the median furrow reduced to a mere line as in the speciaUzed members of this
group, the latero-caudal angles prominent, slightly incurved; ninth pleurite
very small, reduced to an elongate-oval lobe on the caudal face of the ninth
sternite; eighth sternite (see plate V, fig. 8) prominent, the caudal margin
gently concave, medially bearing a small lobe which is provided with a tiny
tuft of silvery hairs.
The wing-pattern is shown in plate III, fig. 6; that of Tipula monilijera
Loew in plate III, fig. 5.
Habitat. — Colombia. Holotype, cf, La Cumbre, Colombia,
altitude 6600 feet, May 16, 1914 (Parish coll.). Paratype, d",
Popayan, Colombia, altitude 6590 feet, March 1, 1912 (Lloyd
coll.).
The longer antennae and the different hj^popygium in the male
serves to distinguish armillatus from the related species with brown
and white wings {monilijera Loew, mitua sp. n.) ; monilijormis
Roder has the wings diversified yellow and hyaline.
The paratype was previously determined as T. monilijera in
an earlier paper by the author, as mentioned und(^r the descrip-
tion of T. mitua.
•« Journal of the New York Ent. Soc, xxi, p. 209, 1913.
CHARLES P. ALEXANDER 31
EXPLANATIOX OF THE PLATES
Plate I
Fig. 1. — Wing of Dicranomyia mulsa sp. n.; 9 .
Fig. 2. — Wing of Dicranomyia mulsa sp. n.; cf .
Fig. 3. — Wing of Dicranomyia, species.
Fig. 4. — Wing of Dicranomyia invalida sp. n.
Fig. 5. — Wing of Dicranomyia virilis sp. n.
Fig. 6. — Wing of Aiarba brunneicornis sp. n.
Fig. 7. — -Wing of Orimarga andina sp. n.
Fig. 8. — -Wing of Gonomyia jejuna sp. n.
Fig. 9. — ^Wing of Molophilus capricornis sp. n.
Fig. 10. — ^^^'ing of Molophilus tenebricosus sp. n.
Fig. 11. — \\ ing of Epiphragma gracilicornis sp. n.
Plate II
Fig. 1. — Wing of Dicranomyia regifica sp. n.
Fig. 2. — -Wing of Rhipidia (Arhipidia) vicina sp. n.
Fig. 3. — -Wing of Geranomyia lachrymalis sp. n.
Fig. 4. — -Wing of Geranomyia plumbeipleura sp. n.
Fig. 5. — -Wing of Geranomyia scolopax Alexander.
Fig. 6. — Wing of Geranomyia lownsendi sp. n.
Fig. 7. — Wing of Geranomyia glauca sp. n.
Fig. 8. — •\A'ing of Trimicra andensis sp. n.
Fig. 9. — Wing of Gonomyia velulina sp. n.
Fig. 10. — "Wing of Gonomyia velulina sp. n.
Plate III
Fig. 1. — Wing of Tipula exilis sp. n.
Fig. 2. — Wing of Tipula jivaro sp. n.
Fig. 3. — Wing of Tipula quichua sp. n.
Fig. 4. — -Wing of Tipula mitua sp. n.
Fig. 5. — Wing of Tipula monilifera Loew.
Fig. 6. — Wing of Tipula armillatus sp. n.
Plate IV
Fig. 1. — Hypopygmm oi Gonomyia jejuna; Ititera] aspect. a = pleura. b =
inner pleui-al appendage. c= outer pleural appendage. d =
penis-guard.
Fig. 2. — -Hypopygium of Atarba brunneicornis; doi-sal aspect, pleura and
the apical appendages.
Fig. 3. — Hj-popygium of Molophilus capricorns; ventral aspect of the ven-
tral apical appendage.
trans, am. ent. soc, xlii.
32 SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Fig. 4. — -Hypopygium of Molophilus tenebricosus; ventral aspect of the ven-
tral apical appendage.
Fig. 5. — Fifth antennal segment of Tipula exilis.
Fig. 6. — Fifth antennal segment of Tipula jivaro.
Fig. 7. — Fifth antennal segment of Tipula mitua.
Fig. 8. — Fifth antennal segment of Tipula armillatus.
Plate V
Fig. 1. — Hypopygium of Tipula jivaro; lateral aspect. 7 t, 8 t, 9 t, =ter-
gites; 8 s, 9 s, =sternites. a = outer lobe of the ninth pleurite.
b = inner lobe of the ninth pleurite.
Fig. 2. — -Hypopygium of Tipula exilis; dorsal aspect of the ninth tergite.
Fig. 3. — -Hypopygium of Tipula jivaro; the same.
Fig. 4. — Hypopygium of Tipula mitua; the same.
Fig. 5. — Hypopygium of Tipula exilis; ventral aspect of the eighth sternite.
Fig. 6. — -Hypopygium of Tipula jivaro; the same.
Fig. 7. — Hypopygium of Tipula mitua; the same.
Fig. 8. — Hypopygium of Tipula armillatus; the same.
REHN AND HEBARD 33
STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
(ORTHOPTERA)
VII
BY JAMES A. G. REHN AND MORGAN HEBARD
A REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS
ATLANTICUS (DECTICINAE)
The acquisition of certain very peculiar types belonging to
this interesting genus, not referable to any of the generally
recognized forms, made necessary not only the examination of
all the material in our possession or in our charge, but also that
in the other more important American collections. As a result
we have been compelled to completely revise the classification of
the genus, to correct the assignment of certain of the older names
and to distinguish the more permanent from the many relatively
variable, and therefore taxonomically valueless, characters found
in the genus. Although the number of valid species in the genus
has been considerably increased, but two were previously un-
known, as a number of previously synonymized or incorrectly
assigned names represent well characterized species, which are
here correctly located.
ATLANTICUS Sciidder
1838. Declicus Burmeister, Handb. der Eutom., ii, abth. ii, pt. i, p. 709.
(Part.)
1859. Orcheslicus Saussure (not of Cabanis, ISol), Revue ct Alagasin de
Zoologie, 2e ser., xi, p. 201.
1862. Thyreonotus Scudder (not of Scrvillc, 1839), Boston Journ. Nat. Hist.,
vii, p. 453.
1893. Engoniaspis Brunncr, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, xxxiii, p.
185. (No species described.)
1894. Engoniaspis Scudder, Canad. Entom., xxvi, pp. 177, 179. (No species
described.)
1894. Atlanticus Scudder, Ibid.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
34 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
1900. Engonias-pis Scudder, Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci. viii, p. 96.
(Genus properly characterized.)
1900. Slipator Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xxvii, p. 90. (To replace
the preoccupied genus Orchesticus Saussure.)
The genus was based on three species: pachijmerus and dor-
salis Burmeister and gihhosus Scudder.
Genotype: Atlanticus pachymerus [Decticus pachyyneriis] (Bur-
meister), selected by Kirby, 1906.
Generic Position. — The position which was assigned to the
genus by Caudell in 1908/ i. e. adjacent to Stipator of authors
(vide page 44), appears to us to be the correct one. Without
a more detailed study of all the related genera we can not analyze
the features of relationship to the. several allied North American
and certain Old World genera. The chief feature of difference
from Slipator of authors {Pediodectes, vide page 45) is in the
possession by Atlanticus of distinct and continuous, though
sometimes rounded, lateral marginal angles to the pronotal disk.
Generic Description. — Head not prominent, of medium size;
f astigium moderately prominent, varying from one-third to two-
thirds (calcaratus) of the width of the interocular space; eyes
subcircular to flattened (cephalad) circular in outline, hardly
to distinctly prominent. Pronotum large, much produced
caudad over remaining thoracic segments and proximal section
of abdomen; disk subdeplanate to well rounded in transverse
section, in form slightly to greatly narrowed at or in cephalic
third or fourth or narrow and subequal in width, cephahc margin
of disk truncate to weakly emarginate, caudal margin subtrun-
cate to strongly arcuate; lateral angles of disk always indicated,
persistent, gently rounded or prominent and cariniform, median
carina absent or indicated caudad; lateral lobes longer than deep,
humeral sinus distinctly, weakly or not at all indicated. Pro-
sternum with or without distinct spines. Mesosternal lobes
angulate produced. Tegmina of male abbreviate, merely strid-
ulating organs wholly or largely concealed under the pronotum,
strongly vaulted in form, overlapping, with stridulating field
well developed. Tegmina of female rudimentary and wholly
covered by the pronotum. Wings vestigial. Limbs moderately
robust. Cephalic femora with the ventro-cephalic margin
1 Genera Insectorum, fasc. 72, Decticinae, p. 14, (1908).
REHN AND HEBAKD 35
unarmed or with from one to five spines; cephalic tibiae armed
dorsad on the external margin with but three (rarely four) spines.
Caudal femora variable in length, proximal portion moderately
to decidedly bullate, ventro-internal margin unarmed or with
a number of spines; caudal tibiae with all margins well armed,
dorsal ones with greater number, distal spurs with dorsal pair
distinctly dorsal in position, median and ventral ones distinctly
ventral in insertion, median pair of average or unusual length;
caudal metatarsi with plantulae of short to great {calcaratus)
length. Supra-anal plate small, trigonal to rounded in both
sexes, seated in the emargination of the disto-dorsal abdominal
segment. Cerci of male styliform, of robust or elongate type
or corniform and elongate; tooth on internal face short and unci-
nate, elongate or corniform. Cerci of female simple and taper-
ing. Ovipositor of medium or considerable length, straight,
faintly or distinctly upcurved or very weakly decurved, apex
on median line or ventral in position. Subgenital plate of male
subtruncate to deeply fissate, styles varying from decided terete
structures to mere nodes; subgenital plate of female always
cleft, but this of variable degree and form, lateral portions of
the plate ranging from rounded to lanceolate produced.
Classification. — The characters which stand out after detailed
study as of diagnostic value are: the general form of the disk
of the pronotum, the character of the caudal margin and the
lateral margins and angles of the same, the relative depth com-
pared with dorsal length of the lateral lobes of the same, the
degree of projection of the male tegmina, the general character
of the same, the form of the male cerci, the form of the subgenital
plate of the female, the relative length and proportionate prox-
imal inflation of the caudal femora and the character of the
caudal tibial distal (particularly internal) spurs. In addition the
degree of carination of the abdomen and the relative depth and
general form of the ovipositor are features usually of diagnostic
value, but not absolute for all the species, both showing varia-
tion in certain forms.
One of the striking things demonstrated by our study of the
series of this genus is that the degree of development of the pro-
sternal spines has little or no significance, as we find them well
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
36
STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
marked or represented by mere nodes in individuals of the same
species. Instead of being a character of prime importance,
which has been used for the separation of genera groups, in the
Decticinae the degree of development of these spines can not
be used as a basic character, as we now know it is valueless as
even a specific criterion in Atlanticus and, as Caudell has shown,
in Eremopedes.
Our study makes it evident that the species of the genus
fall quite naturally into four groups, our ideas of the general
relationship of which, and of the component species, are as
follows:
, — ^ '- testaceus
Group A
-pachymerus
-davisi
" monticola
Group B
-americanus
Group C
-gibbosus
Group D
-dorsalis
glaber
-calcaratus
These groups may be in general characterized as follows :
Grottp a
testaceus
pachymerus
davisi
monticola
Size medium to small. Pronotal disk
with sharp lateral angles; disk proper dis-
tinctly constricted on cephalic third to
fourth. Tegmina of male always with
distal section not covered by the pro-
notum. Cerci of male moderately ro-
bust, with a distinct but short, approx-
imately median, tooth. Subgenital i)late
of male angularly or arcuately emargi-
nate, but never fissate. Subgenital plate
of female moderately but never very
deeply divided; lateral sections arcuate,
obtuse-angulate or rectangular distad.
Spurs of caudal tibiae normal.
REHN AND HEBARD
31
Group C (gibbosus)
Group B (atnericanus) Size medium to rather large. Pronotal
disk with sharp lateral angles; disk proixT
distinctly constricted at cephaUc third to
fourth. Tegmina of male always with
distal section not covered by the pro-
notum. Cerci of male moderately elon-
gate, substyliform, acuminate, with an
approximately median tooth. Subgeni-
tal plate of male fissate. Subgenital
plate of female very deeply divided;
lateral sections sublanceolate produced
distad. Spurs of caudal tibiae normal.
Size large. Pronotal disk with distinct
but rounded lateral angles; disk proper
distinctly constricted at cephalic third to
fourth. Tegmina of male almost or
quite completely concealed under the
pronotum. Cerci of male very elongate,
corniform, tooth quite elongate and
relatively slender. Subgenital plate of
male subfissate. Subgenital plate of
female moderately divided; lateral sec-
tions rounded rectangulate. Spm-s of
caudal tibiae normal.
Size medium to small. Pronotal disk
with distinct but always rounded lateral
angles; disk gently narrowing cephalad
(dorsalis) or subequal and very narrow
{glaber and calcaralus). Tegmina of
male completely hidden under, or shghtly
projecting caudad of, the pronotum.
Cerci of male short, robust, acutely
pointed, with short stout median tooth.
Subgenital plate of male acutely emar-
ginate to subfissate {calcaralus). Sub-
genital plate of female moderately
divided (female imknown in calcaralus);
lateral sections moderately acute distad.
Spurs of caudal tibiae elongate, straight
for the greater portion of their length.
Of these, group B appears to l)e more nearly the prolxible
ancestral type, group C being a strongly modified or rather
specialized phylum, which probably diverged from the primitive
stock before the more complex group A. The latter group
shows in its davisi-monticola line a complex which is very dis-
Group D
dorsalis
glaber
calcaralus
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
38 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
tinctly breaking up, with the differentiation as yet visibly under
way, and of the elements monticola probably represents the great-
est divergence. The testaceus-pachijmerus line is more perma-
nent than the other line of the group, although the elements are
more divergent. The species pachymerus appears to be breaking
up at present. Group D is probably the oldest of the diver-
gences from the presumably ancestral line, and in dorsalis we may
assume we have the nearest to the primitive type of the group.
The species glaber and calcaratus form a relatively old Hne of
this group, but calcaratus is a much more specialized and differ-
entiated form than glaber.
Notes on Male Tegmina. — The male tegmina are of use only
as stridulating organs and are largely or wholly covered by the
pronotum, the stridulating field proper being always covered,
the portion which is exposed caudad of the pronotum in most
of the species being the area distad of the speculum. The general
form of the speculum and surrounding veins and areas shows
some variation within specific limits, and again, in general char-
acter of the same, certain species show no important differences,
but as a whole the form of the stridulating field is a good group
character. The marginal field varies in form in certain closely
allied species (i. e. davisi and monticola). The coloration of the
tegmina is discussed under Coloration Notes. The tegmina of
the female are small, pad-like, always completely hidden under
the pronotum and of a general subcircular form.
Morphological Notes on Male Genitalia. — The disto-dorsal
abdominal segment and the supra-anal plate of the male and of
the female show a considerable amount of variation in form.
The former is always emarginate mesad, but the same varies
from an obtuse-angulate to an arcuate character, and within
specific limits there is great variation in this respect. The
supra-anal plate is more or less trigonal in character, but a ten-
dency to become semi-elliptical is evident and this also is within
specific limits. The same plate bears, usually, a medio-lon-
gitudinal sulcus, which may be complete or may be apparent only
on the distal half. The cerci, as we have shown above under
Classification, develop four principal types, one in each group,
which are fairly or quite (gibhosus) decided and show no variation
from their specific forms except in the following ways. There
is a tendency to become more elongate or shorter and more
REHN AND HEBARD 39
robust; another of the attenuation of the distal (distad of tooth)
portion alone; a tendency to curve inward instead of remaining
straight, which may involve the whole cercus or but the distal
portion, and, faintest of all, a fluctuation in the curvature of the
tooth. These features are Hable to occur within specific limits,
where we ha\e sufficient material to permit us to speak with
authority, except in A. cjibbosns, which, while having the most
complex cercus, is very fixed in these characters. The sub-
genital plate of the male has a very great amount of individual
variability in the character of its distal margin, which ranges in
a number of species from subtruncate to rectangulate and even
acute-angulate. In one species {americanus) it is, however,
invariably fissate.
Morphological Notes on Female Genitalia. — ^The disto-dorsal
abdominal segment and supra-anal plate have been discussed
above under the male genitalia. The cerci of the female are
simple, tapering and without differential characters. The ovipos-
itor shows variation along three lines: first, in relative length,
secondly, in general straightness or curvature and in straightness
or curvature of the ventral margin, and, lastly, in the position
of the apex. In the matter of relative length, we find the varia-
tion exhibited is largely individual or possibly environmental,
but not distinctly geographic. In several forms which have a
faint decurvature of the whole ovipositor we find individuals
which have the same straight (pachymerus and davisi), and this
is probably (pachymerus) or certainly (davisi) geographic in
character. The curvature or straightness of the ventral margin
of the ovipositor is, of course, correlated with the general form,
but to a slightly greater degree than the dorsal margin. The
immediate apex of the ovipositor may be nearly median in posi-
tion, but is generally ventral, the case in which it is median being
geographic (northern specimens of davisi) and passing into the
more normal type. The relative depth of the ovipositor varies
somewhat, but this is chiefly in davisi and is there geographic.
The form of the subgenital plate of the female is one of the most
constant diagnostic characters found in the genus; this is always
emarginate and ranges from subrectangulate and U-emarginate
to V-emarginate, or subfissate {americanus) and divided well
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
40 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
toward the base (davisi), the lateral portions ranging from
sublanceolate (americanus) to rotundate-rectangulate. In da-
visi the depth of the division of the plate is somewhat variable
but the form is constant.
Notes on Pronotal Disk. — The disk of the pronotum is slightly
different in the two sexes of the same species, in the female
averaging more elongate with the caudal margin more truncate
than in the male. This difference is, however, in large part
nullified or at least modified by the character of variation found
in both sexes. There is a very great amount of variation in
the general form and proportions of the disk in at least three
groups of species (A, B and C), or those with strangulate pro-
notal disks, this being purely individual, irrespective of sex and
often the extremes are found in material taken at the same time
and at the same locahty. We find by measuring the greatest
length, greatest caudal width and the least (at cephalic third)
width of the disk we have three proportions no two of which seem
to correlate with the third. In other words, two specimens
of a series may show the same ratio of greatest width of disk
to length of same, yet their least width will show no correlation
to the other percentage but instead give widely different ratios.
In a given species, by taking either of the width measurements,
we find their extremes linked up by connecting intermediates
of approximately the same disk length, so that there is no true
dimorphism, but instead a wide range of variation in dimension
of two portions of the same surface, yet these variations show
no correlation.
General Morphological Notes. — In the present genus we find
an interesting morphological condition to which attention has
been called by Caudell, who found it present in the related
genus Eremopedes."^ The presence or absence of prosternal
spines has been used by most authors as an important group
character for separating genera in the Decticinae, but as Caudell
has shown in regard to Eremopedes, and as we find in the present
genus, these spines are not to be relied upon as invariable cri-
teria. In certain species of the present genus {davisi, monticola
and americanus) the spines may be represented by the merest
^Troc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxx'i, pp. 330 to 331, (1907).
REHN AND HEBARD 41
nodes or by aciculate structures ranging to what would be
considered long spines. In another species {calcaratus) the spines
are completely absent and, although we have but two speci-
mens of the species and cannot say how constant this feature is,
this shows the condition which may occur in a genus supposed
to be characterized by having strongly developed prosternal
spines. The mesosternal lobes show an appreciable amount of
individual variation in form in most of the species of the genus,
the angle generally being submammillate. The abdomen almost
always bears traces of a median and accompanying lateral
earinae, which are sometimes continuous and again broken but
indicated. There is, however, some variation in certain species
in the intensity of the abdominal earinae. In several species
the earinae bound color areas in individuals of certain color
patterns. The caudal femora show as great a percentage of
fixity in their general character and proportionate length as
any of the more evident features of these insects. The only
variation in femoral length seen, which is not correlated with
general bulk, is geographic and can be demonstrated as such
from the material in hand. The spination of the ventro-internal
margin of the caudal femora is very variable in the number of
spines present and we have found it of no diagnostic value.
The spination of the cephalic and median limbs and of the caudal
tibiae do not furnish us with any features of classificatory value.
The spurs of the distal extremity of the caudal tibiae, and par-
ticularly of the internal face, do, however, give important
features not previously utilized. These have been indicated
under Classification (page 35).
Coloration Notes. — All of the forms of this genus are charac-
terized in general coloration by somber or warm browns, red
browns, or ochers, of a more or less protective character. The
principal feature of the coloration, which modifies the appearance
of individuals of the genus, is the presence of blackish fuscous
as a wash on the dorsal section of the lateral lobes of the pro-
notum, and occasionally on a portion of the pleura and sides of
the abdomen. This feature is variable in extent and depth
and is frequently accompanied, when decided, with a fine stip-
pling of the same fuscous over the paler area, but tiiis fuscous
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
42 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
stippling may have no correlation with the intensity of the areas
on the lateral lobes of the pronotum. Rarely the dorsum of the
head, pronotum and abdomen has a pair of fine closely placed
medio-longitudinal lines of fuscous (certain specimens of glaher).
An invariable marking in the genus, although of variable extent
and width, is the whitish area at the position of the humeral
sinus of the lateral lobes of the pronotum. The general dorsal
color may be washed Avith rufous or even bright green, but this
is purely individual. Both A. glaher and calcaratus have their
surface more glabrous or even polished than the other forms of
the genus.
Distribution. — The genus is known to range from as far north
as New Hampshire, northern Vermont (Sudbury), northeastern
New York (Lake George), southern Ontario (Arner), northern
Michigan (Porcupine Mountains) and Minnesota, south to ex-
treme southern Florida, southern Alabama (Opelika) and Missis-
sippi (Meridian and Natchez) and western Arkansas (Ozark
region), and from the Atlantic coast west to Minnesota, Iowa,
Missouri (record doubtful) and western Arkansas (Ozark region).
It is quite probable that the genus will be found to reach the Gulf
coast of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana, and also to extend
into eastern Oklahoma. The Minnesota record is merely a state
one and probably refers to the southeastern portion of the state.
Two species of the genus have Ijeen reported by Bruner from
eastern Nebraska, but his collection contained no material from
that region and we have not positively accepted these records
in consequence.
Individuals of this genus prefer woodland situations, living in
the dead leaves and grasses, in low bushes and in wet meadowy
areas near woods. They are occasionally found in numbers
in low bushes along the edge of woods and at night we have found
them climbing on the trees to a height as great as nine feet
from the ground. Work with a flash-lamp will reveal them in
many situations in wooded regions and they frequently fall
victims to the molasses ground trap.
The center of distribution appears to l)e the southeastern part
of the United States, five of the nine forms being found only in
that region; it is there we find the greatest diversity in the
genus and it is only in that general region that we find all four
REHN AND HEBARD 43
groups of the same. The New England States form part of
the range of three species, the Middle Atlantic States and the
mountainous region of the southern states of four species, while
but two species are found in the northern Mississippi Valley
and but one reaches Arkansas. The genus is thus seen to be a
group of essentially austral character.
Of the species of Group A, testaceus is a more northern adap-
tation of the austral pachymeriis type, while davisi is the more
nearly boreal of any of the forms of the genus, being represented
in the southern Appalachians by the allied monticola. The
single species of Group B (americanus) occupies an area in gen-
eral more or less elevated and somewhat to the northward of
the range of the single species of Group G (gibbosus), which latter
extends southward to central Florida. Of Group D all are
Coastal Plain or Floridian, dorsaUs is coastal and north Floridian,
occurring with calcaratus, which latter is also north Floridian
and Coastal, replaced in central and south Florida by glaber.
History. — In 1838, Burmeister ^ described two species of this
genus from South Carolina, calling them Decticus pachymerus
and dorsalis. In 1859, Saussure'* described a new genus and
species from Tennessee, as Orchesticus americanus, this clearly
being a member of the present genus. The generic name Orches-
ticus has been generally used for a quite different genus. Scud-
der, in 1862,^ used the Burmeisterian names for two species found
in the northeastern states, which he referred to the Old World
genus Thyreonotus. In 1869, Walker ^ described a species from
Massachusetts as Decticus derogatus. Brunner, in 1893,'' de-
scribed a genus Engoniaspis in a key, basing it on an undescribed
species from Missouri. A sketch of this species, later supplied
to Caudell,^ showed it to be a member of the present genus.
In 1894, Scudder ^ published a brief key to the species of the
genus, which he there diagnosed and named Atlanticus, also
3 Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt. 1, pp. 712 to 713, (1838).
* Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser., xi, p. 201, (1859).
8 Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 453, (1862).
^Catal. Dermapt. Saltat. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 260, (1869).
' Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Geneva, xxxiii, p. 185, (1893).
sProc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, p. 325, fig. 29, (1907).
^Canad. Entom., x.w-i, p. 180, (1894).
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLH.
44 STUDIES IX AMERICAN TETTIGONIID AE (oRTHOPTERA)
describing A. gihhosus from the southern states. In the same
paper Scudcler phiced the genus Engoniaspis in his key to the
genera of the North American Decticinae ^^ on the basis of an
unnamed species, which he presumed was from Missouri, In
1900, the same author " described this previously unnamed
specimen as Engoniaspis testaceus. Rehn, in 1900, finding the
name Orchesticus Saussure, which had been used in connection
with a quite different genus, preoccupied by Orchesticus Cabanis
in birds, replaced it by a new name Stipator,^- this being due to
his use of the older name in the erroneous sense of all authors
subsequent to Saussure. Caudell, in 1907, published a revision
of the North American species of this subfamily and showed that
the genus Engoniaspis is a synonym of the present genus, ^^
the supposed differential characters given by Scudder not being
of generic rank. In 1912, Rehn and Hebard ^^ described Atla7i-
ticus glaher from southern Florida.
Nomenclature. — The identity of Burmeister's two species
has been universally allowed to rest on the basis of Scudder's
1862 placing. However, he had no material from their original
locality for study, and the species he examined are different
from those found in the region from which Burmeister's material
probably came. For discussion of this, see under A. pachymerus.
We have before us two species from that region which answer
the descriptions of Burmeister. Saussure's Orchesticus and 0.
americanus have been erroneously used by all authors for the
genus and one of the species of a western genus allied to Atlan-
iicus, to which, however, as we have shown beyond, the name
has no application. On account of the preoccupation of Orches-
ticus by Orchesticus Cabanis in birds, Rehn, in 1900, unfortunately
in ignorance of the real application of the name, and following
previous authors in its usage, renamed the genus Stipator. This
peculiar situation, when corrected by making Stipator a pure
synonym of Atlanticus, makes necessary a new name for the
Orchesticus of Scudder, not of Saussure, for which we here
'" Canad. Entom., xxvi, pp. 177 and 179.
'1 Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., viii, p. 96, (1900).
12 Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xxvii, p. 90, (1900).
'3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxi, pp. 321, 324 and 325, (1907).
i" Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1912, p. 269, (1912).
REHN AND HEBARD 45
propose Pediodectes'-' with Pediodectes grandis (Rehn) [Stipator
grandis Rehn] as its type. Saussure's americanus is really the
species for which Scudcler used Burmeister's name dorsalis.
The name Engoniaspis Brunner, 1893, and Scudder, 1894,
having no described species cannot be considered, the 1900
description of Scudder being the first of complete form, from
which consequently testaceus, the first included species, must be
taken as the type. As we have shown under testaceus, that name
should apply to the species for which Scudder used the Burmeis-
terian n&mepachymerus, testaceus having been based on a damaged
female, which, however, Scudder considered of uncertain sex.
Walker's derogatus we now know to have been based on the
species called dorsalis by Scudder, not of Burmeister, and amer-
icanus by Saussure. Caudell, in 1907, had pachijmerus, testa-
ceus and davisi confused as a single species, the evident differ-
ences being ascribed by him to individual variation. The same
author referred to the present genus immature specimens belong-
ing to other genera from Arizona and California.
Material Examined. — We here record 419 specimens of the
genus, these comprising practically all the series in the collec-
tions of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, of
the junior author, the United States National Museum, the
Museum of Comparative Zoology, of Prof. A. P. Morse of Wel-
lesley, Massachusetts, of Mr. W. T. Davis of New Brighton,
New York, the Pennsylvania State Department of Zoology, the
Georgia State Collection, the North Carolina Department of
Agriculture and Cornell University. Certain specimens belong-
ing to the American Museum of Natural History have also been
examined. To the gentlemen above named and the authorities
in charge of the collections of the above mentioned institutions
and departments we wish to tender our thanks for the assistance
so ungrudgingly given to our work. Of the total number of
specimens examined 211 were collected by the authors, these
representing all but one of the forms.
The types of the following have been examined by us:
Engoniaspis testaceus Scudder
Atlanticus davisi new species
Atlanticus monticola Davis
i^From ireUov -plain (in allusion to its hal)itat) and 577^x779 a hiter.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
46 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard
Atlanticiis calcaratus new species
In addition, Mr, Caudell has kindly furnished us with infor-
mation on the type of Walker's Decticus derogatus ( = americanus),
which is in the British Museum.
Key to Species
This key is admittedly artificial in a number of features, as it
has been found almost impossible to construct a key to the forms
along natural or presumably phylogenetic lines. The use of the
plate figures in connection with the key is strongly recommended.
A. Medio-internal spur of caudal tibiae more than twice as long as the ven-
tro-internal spui". (Disk of pronotum narrow, subequal in width. Proster-
num unspined.) cjflcaratus new species
AA. Medio-internal spur of caudal tibiae distinctly less than twice or not
more than twice as long as the ventro-internal spur.
B. Pronotal disk in both sexes very narrow, subequal, the greatest width
contained nearly or quite two and one-half times in the greatest length
of the disk, with lateral angles subparallel. glaber Rehn and Hebard
BB. Pronotal disk in both sexes more or less distinctly expanding caudad,
the greatest (caudal) width ahnost never contained twice in the greatest
length of the disk, the lateral angles more or less distinctly diverging caudad.
C. Lateral angles of pronotal disk distinct but rounded in section and
never sharp and carinate. Tegmina of male almost or quite completely
covered by the pronotum.
D. Size medium. Pronotum with the width of the disk at cephahc
fourth not less than that at cephahc margin; caudal margin of disk
arcuato-truncate. Caudal femora not greatly inflated proximad.
Cercus of male short, robust, with short tooth. dorsalis (Biu-meister)
DD. Size very large (largest in the genus). Pronotum with the width
of the disk at cephalic fourth appreciably less than that at cephalic
margin; caudal margin of disk strongly arcuate. Caudal femora
greatly inflated proximad. Cercus of male elongate, corniform, with
elongate equally corniform tooth. gibbosus Scudder
CC. Lateral angles of pronotal disk very distinct, strongly angulate in
section, sharp and frequently carinate. Tegmina of male never com-
pletely covered by the pronotum.
D. Cercus of male relatively elongate. Subgenital plate of male
narrowly and deeply fissate. Subgenital plate of female deeply divided
and lateral portions of same sublanceolate. (Ovipositor straight or
faintly decurved, apex ventral.) americanus (Saussure)
DD. Cercus of male relatively short, robust. Subgenital plate of
male angularly emarginate to various degrees, never fissate. Subgenital
plate of female V- or U-emarginate, lateral portions of same never sub-
lanceolate.
REHX AND HEBARD 47
E. Tegmiua of male projecting caudad of the pronotal disk a distance
considerablj' exceeding half the pronotal length. Pronotum of male
proportionately very large. Subgenital plate of female narrowly
V-emarginate and with lateral portions of the plate broadly rounded
distad. (Caudal femora robust and quite short; ovipositor straight,
apex ventral. testaceus (Scudder)
EE. Tegmina of male projecting caudad of the pronotal disk a
distance distinctly less than one-half the pronotal length. Prono-
tum of male relatively shorter or narrower. Subgenital plate
of female when narrowly V-emarginate always having the lateral
portions of the plate at least subangulate distad.
F. Caudal femora more elongate and slender. Pronotum in gen-
eral more elongate, the disk relatively more slender, the lateral
angles less divergent caudad. Tegmina of male sHghtly produced
distad. (Ovipositor straight, with apex ventral.)
pachymerus (Burmeister)
FF. Caudal femora less elongate, more robust. Pronotum more
abbreviate, more robust, the disk relatively broader, the lateral
angles strongly divergent caudad. Tegmina of male broadly
rounded distad.
G. Subgenital plate of female U-emarginate. Ovipositor dis-
tinctly arcuate. Lateral angles of pronotal disk strongly sig-
moid. Eyes more prominent. monticola Davis
GG. Stibgenital plate of female V-emarginate. Ovipositor
straight, very faintly arcuate or faintly decurved. Lateral
angles of pronotal disk less sigmoid and more regularly {i.e.
directly) diverging caudad. Eyes as usual in the genus.
davisi new species
Atlanticus testaceus (Scudder) (PI. VI, figs. 2, 3, and 20; pi. VII, figs. 1, 10
and 19; pi. VIII, figs. 1 and XL)
1862. T[hyn'onotus] pachymerus Scudder (not Dedicus pachymerus Bur-
meister, 1838), Boston Journ. Xat. Hist., vii, p. 453. [Connecticut; Mam-
moth Cave, Kentucky.]
1893. Thyreonotus pachymerus Davis (not Dedicus pachymerus Burmeister,
1838), Canad. Entom., xx\-, p. 108. [Staten Island, New York.]
1894. [Atla7ilicus] pachymerus Scudder (not Dedicus pachymerus Burmeister,
1838), Canad. Entom., xxvi, pp. 179, 180, 183. (In key to species of the
genus.)
1894. Atlanticus pachymerus Beutenmiiller (not Dedicus packymerus Bur-
meister, 1838), Bull. Amer. Mus. Xat. Hist., vi, p. 285, pi. VII, fig. 7. [Vicin-
ity of New York City.]
1898. Atlanticus pachymerus Lugger (not Dedicus pachjmerus Burmeister,
1838), Bull. 55, Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 335, fig. 60. [Minnesota.]
1900. Engonidspis testacea Scudder, Proc. Davenp. Acad. Nat. Sci., viii,
p. 97. [Missouri?)
TRAXS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
48 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
1903. Atlanticus pachymerus Blatchley (not Decticus pachymerus Burmeister,
1838), Orth. of Indiana, p. 393, fig. 98. [Lake, Marshall, Marion, Putnam,
Vigo and Crawford Counties, Indiana.]
1907. Atlanticus pachyvierus Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x.xxii, p. 323,
fig. 28. (In part.)
1911. A[tlanticus\ pachymerus Walden (not Decticus pachymerus Burmeister,
1838), Bull. 16, Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv., p. 141, pi. XI,
fig. 2. [Scotland, Connecticut.]
The name pachymerus, which has been apphecl to this species
by authors, has no relationship to the present form, but should
be used instead for a species found in the southeastern states.
For a discussion of this matter, see under the treatment of pachy-
merus. The next name available for this species is Scudder's
Engoniaspis testacea, described from a specimen supposed to be
from IVIissouri. The type of this species was in an imperfect
condition when described and to-day it is minus the apex and
greater portion of the abdomen, the cephalic and median limbs
and neither caudal limb is fully complete. We have been able
to compare it with the present series of the species of the genus
and it is evident, from a careful study of the proportions of the
pronotal disk and of the remaining limbs, that it represents this
species and not the allied davisi. The figure which has been
given of it by Caudell, while exact, is a lateral view and does not
bring out such features of the dorsum of the pronotum as would
enable one to place it properly.
The species is readily recognized in l)oth sexes by the short
caudal femora, in the male sex by the relatively produced teg-
mina, which extend distad of the striking transverse depression
outlining the stridulating field a distance equal to nearly or quite
one-half the median length of the pronotal disk, and in the female
sex by the relatively short and robust ovipositor, the apex of
which is ventral in position.
Type.— 9 ; Missouri? (Riley Collection.) [No. 5734, United
States National Museum.]
Morphological Notes. — The principal features of variation
found in this species can best be treated one by one. The pro-
notum in the male sex always has the greatest caudal width of
the disk equalhng 60 to 72 per cent of the greatest length of the
same, while the caudal margin of the disk varies in form from
arcuate, to arcuate with an appreciable median flattening; the
cephalic margin of the disk varies in both sexes from truncate to
REHN AND HEBARD 49
very shallowly obtuse-angulate emarginate. The greatest width
of the pronotal disk in the female equals 63 to 73 per cent the
length of the same, while the caudal margin is always subtrun-
cate, at least so mesad. The least width of the pronotal disk,
i.e. at the cephalic fourth, is, in both sexes, equal to from tV to f
of the greatest (caudal) width of the same. The tegmina of the
male vary but little in length, as shown by the measurements; the
apices of the tegmina are well rounded. In the female the teg-
mina reach almost or quite to the caudal margin of the pronotal
disk, but are always covered by the same. The abdomen is
moderately (d^) or quite faintly ( 9 ) tricarinate.
The disto-dorsal abdominal segment of the male is generally
angulate-emarginate, the degree of same varying and occasionally
the angle is rounded; supra-anal plate of the male is in general
form trigonal, occasionally with the angle somewhat rounded, a
medio-longitudinal sulcus present on the same and more dis-
tinctly indicated proximad. The cerci of the male varj'- slightly
in robustness, particularly in the distal portion, the tooth also
showing some slight variation in its exact position and in the
sharpness and falcation of the same. The subgenital plate of
the male has the distal margin varying from subtruncate to rec-
tangulate-emarginate, generally somewhat rotundate-angulate,
the styles varying appreciably in length.
The supra-anal plate of the female varies somewhat in tht
degree of angulation, the sulcus indicated as in the male. The
ovipositor is fairly uniform in length, the variation in this, as
illustrated by the measurements, being individual. One rep-
resentative from Moline, Illinois, has the longest ovipositor
(23 mm.), next to which stand two females from Guthrieville
and Malvern, Pennsylvania (22 mm.). In the depth of the ovi-
positor there is some variation but not sufficient to change the
general form of the same. The subgenital plate of the female
has the form constant and shows no noteworthy variation from
that figured.
The caudal femora in both sexes of the present species are
quite short, in fact relatively shorter than in any other form of
the genus. While there is some variation in the length, aside
from that which is proportional, it is of a negligible quantity.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
2
50 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Color Notes. — In general color there is some variation in the
depth of the same, but the most noteworthy features of this char-
acter found in both sexes are the amount of grayish suffusion on
the dorsal surface of the head and pronotum, the strength and
extent of the shining black area caudad on the lateral lobes of
the pronotum and to a lesser degree the width and extent of the
pale caudal area on the same lobes. In the male the tegmina
vary considerably in the tone of the ochraceous of the disto-
dorsal section and humeral angle of the same, occasionally this
being even dark rufous, while the lateral section of the proximal
abdominal segments and a dorsal area of the pleura are variable
in the presence or absence, and depth when present, of shining
black.
Geographic Variation. — There appears to be no geographic vari-
ation except that the males show an increase southward in the
general size of the pronotum. This is, of course, to a degree
correlated with variation in general size, but only to a certain
extent. The females show no appreciable geographic variation.
Measurements {in millimeters)
E o
-^ 1 °'oS^'^ o
t Is '^is g ::::§ ^ ^
O -.^3 -fJcS -iS^^oo-s o o
■£ So So "3 s '5'm S Sii 5
r?" S 2i| £| ^1 g:5| §| §
Deep Pond, New York ... . 18 9.5 6.5 7.8 4 14.8 ....
Ne'svfoundland, New Jersey 19.5 9.4 6.3 8.5 4.6 16.2 ....
Guthrieviile, Pennsylvania. 2.3.4 10.8 7 8.5 5 15.6 ....
Guthrie ville, Pennsylvania. 21.2 9.8 6.5 8 4.5 14.6
Plummer's Island, Mary-
land 20.9 10.1 7.2 7.5 4.1 16
Plummer's Island, Mary-
land 20 11.2 7.8 7.8 5 17
Glen Echo, Maryland 24.3 10 7.1 7 4 16
Gun Lake, Michigan 19.5 9 6 8 4.9 15.4 ....
Vigo County, Indiana 19 10 6.8 7.8 4.5 16.8 ....
Kentucky 19.5 10.4 7.5 9 5 17
Molino, Illinois 20.4 9.6 7 8.2 4.9 16.5 ....
" Body lengt.h is the most unreliable of any of the measurements here given,
depending as it does on the degree of compression or extension of the abdo-
men; a considerable factor when shrivelling or stuffing are taken into consid-
eration. However, as this measurement is the one most generally given
we are including it here, as elsewhere, as a general index to the bulk of the
insect.
REHN AND HEBARD
51
Measurements (in millimeters) — Continued
9
o
"o
t
a
o
M
0 _
s a
So
11
So
Marion, Massachusetts ....
23.5
9.2
6.2
Marion, Massachusetts ....
20.6
9.2
6.2
Wading River, New York . .
19.2
9.5
6.1
Jamesburg, New Jersey . . .
19.2
9.2
6.4
Greeley, Pennsylvania ....
18.6
8.8
6.1
Danville, Pennsylvania . . .
20.3
10.4
7.3
Malvern, Pennsylvania ....
19.2
10.2
6.6
Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
23.8
9.2
6.7
Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Average and extremes of
five specimens
24.6
9.7
6.7
(22-
(9.4-
(6.3-
26.8)
10)
7)
Plummer's Island, Mary-
land
21.5
9.4
6.7
Plummer's Island, Mary-
land
21
9.4
6.5
Cabin John Run, Mary-
land
23.5
10
6.9
Washington, D. C
20.5
9.3
6.5
Washington, D. C
20.6
9.8
6.5
Arlington, Virginia
22
9.5
6.5
Arlington, Virginia
23.7
9.7
6.2
Porcupine Mountains,
Michigan
25.5
10
7
Moline, Illinois
23.2
9.5
6.6
Peoria, Ilhnois
19.5
9.2
6.0
LocaUty ? (Missouri ? )
Type
9.2
6.3
-1 p
o"c-2 "S
J3T3
c.a g'
11
16.6
16.3
17.8
17.2
17
18.2
18.7
17.3
19
19.2
19.6
19
19
21.2
22
20.8
17.1 20.4
(17- (19.2-
17.2) 22)
17.1 19
17
19.4
18.9 20.5
17.8 17.6
18.7 18.9
16.2 19.8
17.2 19.6
19 18.8
18.4 23
18.8 21
18.4 ....
Biological Notes. — The earliest date we have for the occurrence
of the species in an adult condition is June 6, when Blatchley
secured it in Vigo County, Indiana. The earliest date in the
series now before us is June 14 to 15, Bee Spring, Kentucky,
while we find mature specimens from northern New Jersey (Ram-
sey) taken as early as June 23. The latest record we have is
from Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, October 15. From information
given by Davis, on the basis of the life of a male kept in captivity,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
52 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
the longevity of individuals of the species is seen to be considera-
ble, the specimen in question living from June 26 to at least the
sixth of September. The account given by Davis of the actions
of this specimen!^ contains the best information we have of the
individual habits of any species of this genus.
Distribution. — The range of this species extends from eastern
Massachusetts (Brooldine and Marion), southern Ontario
(Arner), northwestern Michigan (Porcupine Mountains) and
Minnesota, south to northern Virginia (Arlington) east of the Ap-
palachians, and to central Kentucky (Mammoth Cave, Bee Spring
and Tyrone), southern Indiana (Crawford County) and central
lUinois (Peoria) west of the Appalachians. We have not ex-
amined it from the west of the Mississippi River and we have no
positive previous record from that area except the general "Min-
nesota" given by Lugger and the doubtful Missouri one of the
type. The figure given by Lugger is clearly this species. Bruner
has recorded the species as rare in "Eastern Nebraska," but no
material of the genus from that state was contained in his col-
lection. The occurrence of this species there, while possible,
appears doubtful and requires further confirmation. In New
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia the species occurs
but little to the eastward of the fall-line.
Specimens Examined: 70; 450^, 25 9 .
Marion, Massachusetts, VIII, 30, 1905, (H.), 2 9 .
Croton, New York, (W. T. Davis), 1 cf , [Davis Cln.]
Deep Pond, Wading River, Long Island, New York, VII, 26, 1914, (W. T.
Davis), 2 d', [Davis Cln.].
Wading River, Long Island, New York, VII, 25, 1914, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 ,
[Davis Cln.].
Staten Island, New York, VI, 26, 1892, (W. T. Davis), 1 &, (Davis Cln.].
Ramsey, New Jersey, VI, 23 and 25, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 2 c^, [Davis Cln.].
Newfoundland, New Jersey, VII, 3, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 &, [Davis Cln.].
Bear Swamp, Ramapo Mountains, New Jersey, VI, 24, 1912, (W. T. Davis),
1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Jamesburg, New Jersey, VII, 20, 1912, (W. T. Davis; at sugar), 1 9 , [Davis
Cln.].
Greeley, Pike County, Pennsylvania, 2300 feet elevation, (Einer Olsen),
1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Danville, Pennsylvania, IX, 12, 1 9, [Pa. St. Dept. Zool.].
Wetzel's Swamj), Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, X, 15, 1 cf , [Pa. St. Dei)t.
Zool.].
Stoverdale, Pennsylvania, VII, 16, 1915, (E. Daccke), 1 9, [Daecke Cln.].
I' Canad. Entom., xxv, p. 108, (1893).
REHN AND HEBARD 53
Serpentine Ridge south of Malvern, Pennsylvania, VI, 20, 1912, (Bayard
Long), 1 9, [A. N.S. P.].
Guthrieville, Pennsylvania, VII, II, 1911, (R. & H.; in blackberry tangle on
edge of deciduous woods on hilltop), 4 cf , 25 9 .
Castle Rock, Pennsylvania, VI, 30, 1907, (E. Daecke), 1 (f, [Hcbard Chi.].
Pattonville, Pennsylvania, VII, 31, 1871, (Shaler), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Plummer's Island, Maryland, VIII, 11, 17 and 25, 1907, (A. K. Fisher),
2 cf , 2 9 ; VIII, 27, 1909 and IX, 2, (A. N. CaudcU), 2 c^; VIII, 5, 1914,
(Shannon; in trap), 1 9, [all in U. S. N. M.].
Cabin John Run, Maryland, VI, 20, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Glen Echo, Maryland, VII, 10, 1914, (A. N. Caudell), 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Washington, District of Columbia, VII, 2, 1911, (W. T. Davis) 1 cf, 1 9,
[Davis Cln.].
Arlington, Virginia, VII, 9, 1914, (H.; at night), 2 9.
Porcupine Mountains, Michigan, VII, 13 to VIII, 12, 1904, (C. C. Adams;
on east slopes), 1 9 , [Morse Chi.].
Gun Lake, Michigan, VI, 13 to 26, 1912, (M. A. Carriker Jr.), 1 cf , [Hebard
Cln.].
Vigo County, Indiana, (W. S. Blatchley), 1 d', [Hebard Cln.].
Kentucky, (F. G. Sanborn), 1 d", [M. C. Z.].
Bee Spring, Kentucky, VI, 14 to 15, 1874, (F. G. Sanborn), 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
:\Ioline, Illinois, (McNeiU), 1 cf , 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Peoria, Illinois, VII, 1875, 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Missouri ?, (Riley Collection), 1 9 , type, (U. S. N. M.].
Atlanticus pachymerus (Burmeister) (PI. VI, figs. 4, 5, and 6; pi. VII,
figs. 1, 10 and 20; pi. VIII, figs. 1 and 12.).
1838. D[ecticus] pachymerus Burmeister, Handb. der Entoni., ii, abth. ii,
pt. i, p. 712. [South Carolinais.]
1842. L[ociista] (Ephippigem) pachymcra De Haan, Verhandl. Natuurl.
Geschied., Bidjr. Kenn. Orth., p. 178. (Bare combination.)
1907. Atlanticus pachymerus CaudeU, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, p. 323.
(Part.) [North Carolina.]
1911. Atlanticus dorsalis Sherman and Brimley, Entom. News, xxii, p. 390.
(Part.) [Southern Pines, North Carolina.]
1911. Atlanticus pachymerus Sherman and Brimley, Ibid., p. 390.
1^ There is a strong probability that the original specimens of this species
were collected by Zimmermann, who was working in South Carolina at that
time and regularly sending material to Europe. As we have already shown
(Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xli, p. 34, (1915)), until 1838 Zimmermann's work
in the state was probably all done in the vicinity of Georgetown, which is
doubtless the type locality of the present species. In the ab.sencc, however,
of a positive statement by Burmeister as to the collector we would hardly be
justified in positively fixing this matter. The specimens were, according to
Burmeister, in Germar's collection, and the collector's name probably had
not been preserved. In the case of material belonging to himself and collected
by Zimmermann, Burrneister carefully credited it to the collector.
TR.\NS. A.M. ENT. SOC, XLII.
54 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
This interesting species, which previously never has been
properly differentiated from the more northern testaceus, is a
moderately close relative of the latter species, but is so distinct
in general appearance, particularly in the male sex, that no diffi-
culty need be encountered in distinguishing the two forms.
In the female sex the two species might be mistaken in a
superficial examination, but the distinctly longer caudal femora
of the present form will separate them immediately on comparison
of material.
The important features of difference from the generally well
known testaceus are as follows: In both sexes, the caudal femora
are at least twice ( cf ) or more than twice ( 9 ) as long as the
pronotal disk; the cephalic and median limbs are relatively longer;
the greatest caudal width of the pronotal disk is equal to 54 to
66 per cent of the greatest length of the same; the prosternal
spines are more aciculate and elongate and the mesosternal
lobes are more acute. In the male sex the pronotum is less
expanded caudad, the divergence of the lateral carinae being
less pronounced; the tegmina are well produced, the portion
distad of the transverse impression distad of the stridulating
field distinctly shorter than in testaceus; the cerci are more slender
and more acuminate, the apex more produced, the tooth more
nearly median than in testaceus; subgenital plate of the male
with the distal margin rectangulate-emarginate to acutely sub-
fissate, styles slender and relatively elongate. In the female
sex the abdomen has the lateral carinaie distinctly and the median
carina slightly more pronounced; the ovipositor, while of approx-
imately the same length as in testaceus, is relatively much shorter,
being considerably less than the length of the caudal femur, the
form of the ovipositor similar to that of testaceus but hardly as
deep; the subgenital plate is more deeply divided and the lateral
portions rotundato-rectangulate.
Synonymy. — We are able to place Burmeister's name on this
species by a process of elimination. It is very briefly charac-
terized, there being nothing diagnostic in the several lines of
general description, but the three words describing the male,
"elytris hberis fornicatus," clearly refer to this species, testa-
ceus or davisi; of these only the present form occurs near the
coastal region of South Carolina, from which, as already shown,
the original material of pachynierus probably came. The char-
REHN AND HEBARD OO
acters given for the female, ''elytris nullis; vagina recta, abdo-
mine longior," are only sufficient to separate the species from
monticola. The length of the body and of the caudal femora
given in the original description, without indication of sex,
while less than any found in the material before us, do not
invalidate at all the claim of this species to Burmeister's name.
The body length given could easily be accounted for by the
abdomen being shrunken, a condition which is quite capable
of making a change of as much as five millimeters, while
geographic or individual size variation could easily cause the dis-
crepancy seen in the femoral length. In the five females exam-
ined by us we find a difference of 2.7 mm. in the femoral length,
while in the related testaceus our series shows a variation of
2.4 mm. in both sexes. It seems evident to us that Burmeister
either measured a very small specimen or in giving the caudal
femoral length merely approximated the actual proportions.
There is a possibility of error in the figures, as he gave them as
"Long. Corp. 9", femur, post. 8".", using the inch sign instead
of that for lines, but as this is evidently an error we have used
them as if clearly expressed in lines. The femoral length may
show undue difference from our measurements on account of
difference in method of taking the same; our length of this
portion is always taken along the ventral line, while one taken
along the dorsal line would give a length at least one-half milli-
meter less. As shown by an examination of the information
given under testaceus, that species has not been definitely recorded
from nearer South Carolina than Arlington, Virginia, and central
Kentucky. There is no evidence that testaceus could even be
considered a northern form extending into the mountainous
region of South Carolina, as we have no information on its occur-
rence in any of the really mountainous areas of its range. In
Pennsylvania, for example, it is replaced in the mountains proper
by the short-tegmined davisi.
Morphological Notes. — The disk of the pronotum shows the
usual variation in the greatest (caudal) width of the same, this
being more appreciable in the males before us than in the females.
A glance at the measurements will show the extent of this varia-
tion. The male subgenital plate, as above mentioned, varies
in the degree of angulation of the caudal margin. The cerci of
the male vary somewhat in robustness and in the degree of the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
56
STUDIES IN AMEEICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
attenuation, as well as in straightness or slight curvature of the
distal portion. The ovipositor is quite constant in form.
Color Notes. — The dorsum of the body shows a pronounced
ochraceous suffusion in some males, this occasionally more
decided on the pronotum, while the lateral lobes have their
dorsum occasionally quite solid (except for the usual pale hum-
eral border) shining black. The latter feature varies in depth
and is most marked in the male, and when decided is accom-
panied by a corresponding blackening of the dorsal section of
the pleura. One female is very distinctive in having the en-
tire dorsum, from the fastigium to the apex of the abdomen,
uniform bay, this sharply delimited laterad by the lateral carinae
of the pronotum and abdomen.
Aleasurements (in millimeters)
Sex ? I
South Carolina (ex Bur- ^
meister) 18 . 7
Goldsboro, North Carolina . 23 . 2
Goldsboro, North Carolina . 25 . 7
Goldsboro, North Carolina . 23 5
Southern Pines, North Car-
olina 25 . 2
Rich Mountain, Arkansas . . 22
Mena, Arkansas 26 . 7
Mena, Arkansas 25
9
Greensboro, North Carolina 20
Raleigh, North Carolina ... 21
Goldsboro, North Carolina . 25
Lake EUis, North Carolina. 21
Lake Elhs, North Carolina . 27 . 3i9
Southern Pines, North Car-
olina 25.2
Southern Pines, North Car-
olina 28.2
Magazine Mountain, Ar-
kansas 28 . 2
Mena, Arkansas 25
1" Abdomen greatly distended.
~ s
do
0°-
"Is
9 §
-g'o
o
CI
tu
0 0
3
o
o
si
16.6
o
0,
o
o
a
9.5
5.8
5.4
3
19.8
9.9
5.9
5.8
3.4
20
9.9
6.1
5.8
3.1
20.3
11.4
7
7.6
3.8
22.5
10.2
6.6
6.5
3
23.4
10.6
6.7
6.5
2.9
24.2
10.6
6.6
5.6
2.7
23
10
6.5
21
21
9,1
6
21
10.2
6.1
22.2
19.
4
10
5.7
22.3
18
10.5
6
23.7
19.
7
10.2
6.3
23.7
21
10.6
6.4
24
23
10.6
6.2
24.2
•24.
2
9.5
(•)
23
21.
6
REHN AND HEBARD 57
It will be seen from these measurements that considerable in-
dividual variation is present in the general size and relative, as
well as actual, length of the pronotum compared with the length
of the caudal femur. The ovipositor is also seen to vary in length
individually, but this apparently is also to an extent geographic.
Geographic Variation. — The general size shows no geographic
correlation but the length of the caudal femur, actual as well as
relative, shows an increase westward; this may be, in a measure
at least, environmental, as the series is too small to make satis-
factory deductions of this character. The same is true of the
length of the ovipositor. The Arkansas males and the one from
Southern Pines, North CaroHna, have the subgenital plate
more deeply and narrowly divided than the specimens from
Goldsboro, which may be geographic but more probably is
environmental or individual in explanation.
Biological A'otes. — From the material before us it is apparent
that the species reaches maturity' early in June, certainh' l)y
June 19, our earliest exact date; the latest date in our small
representation is August 29. In late jNIay the species is in at
least one instar preceding maturity. The only datum we have
on the habits of the species is that, at Goldsboro, North Carolina,
we found it among fallen leaves of deciduous trees in a rather
open forest composed chiefly of short-leaf pine. In this situation
the species was not common.
Distribution. — The Coastal Plain region and adjacent por-
tions of the Piedmont area of North and South Carolina and
the Ozark Mountain region of Arkansas, the distribution doubt-
less being continuous, although we have seen no specimens
from between the two regions. The most northern locahties
known for the species are Greensboro and Paleigh, North Caro-
lina, the former being the most elevated point in the eastern
states at which it has been taken, while it occurs at Lake Ellis
near sea-level in the same state. We have no exact record of
the occurrence of the species in South Carolina. In Arkansas
it has been taken as high as 2600 feet on the summit of Rich
IVIountain.
Specimens Examined: 18; 7 c?, 9 9,1 juv. c?', 1 juv. 9.
Greensboro, North CaroUna, VI, (F. C. Pratt), 1 9, [U. S. X. .M.].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
58 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Raleigh, North Carohna, VII, 10, 1902, (F. Sherman, Jr.), 1 9 , [N. C.
Dept. Agr.].
Goldsboro, North Carohna, VII, 25, 1913, (R. & H.; among leaves in forest
composed chiefly of short-leaf pine), 3 cf , 1 9 •
Lake Ellis, (Havelock), North Carolina, late May, 1907, (L. M. Smith),
1 juv. 9, [N. C. Dept. Agr.]; VI, 19 to 24, 1905, (F. Sherman), 2 9, [U. S.
N. M. and N. C. Dept. Agr.].
Southern Pines, North Carolina, V, 17, 1915, (A. H. IVlanee), 1 juv. c?,
[Hebard Cln.]; early June, 1908, (A. H. Manee), 1 d", [N. C. Dept. Agr.];
VII, 8, 1904, (F. Sherman Jr.), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.]; VII, 2, 1912, (W.T.
Davis), 1 9, [Davis Cln.].
Magazine Mountain, Arkansas, 2000 feet elev., VIII, 29, 1905, (A. P.
Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Rich Mountain, Summit, Arkansas, 2600 feet, VIII, 1, 1905, (A. P. Morse),
1 cf , [Morse Chi.].
Mena, Arkansas, VII, 30, 1905, (A.. P. Morse), 2 cf , 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Atlanticus davisi new species (PI. VI, figs. 7, 8, and 9; pi. VII, figs. 3, 12
and 21; pi. VIII, figs. 3, 4, 5, and 13.)
1903. Atlanticus dorsalis Blatchley (not Decticus dorsalis Burmeister, 1838),
Orth. of Indiana, p. 395. [Putnam, Vigo, Knox and Crawford Counties,
Indiana.]
1907. Atlanticiis 'pachymerus Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxxii, p. 323,
fig. 27. (Part.) [Virginia.]
1911. Atlanticus pachymerus Sherman and Brimley, Entom. News, xxii,
p. 390. (Part.)
This interesting form has had a varied nomenclatural career,
as the above more important references show. Caudell did not
distinguish it from true pachymerus and testaceus, calling all
pachymerus and ascribing the evident differences to individual
variation. Blatchley distinguished it from "pachymerus" (i. e.
testaceus), but erred in calling it "dorsalis" (i. e. americanus).
We have examined practically all the material seen by Caudell
and therefore can speak definitely regarding the reference. In
regard to Blatchley's determination our study of the available
material is sufficient to show the proper interpretation.
As this distinct and easily recognized type requires a name,
we take great pleasure in dedicating it to our friend, Mr.
WiUiam T, Davis of New Brighton, Staten Island, New York,
to whose assistance in the way of loans of specimens and sug-
gestions from his large store of field experience we owe so much.
Type. — cf ; Orange, Orange County, Virginia. July 21, 1913.
REHN AKD HEBARD 59
(Rehn and Helxird; in tleacl leaves and scattered green under-
growth in chestnut forest.) [Hebard Collection, Type no. 399.]
This species can be readily separated from the allied testaceus
and pachijmerus by the following characters. From l)oth the
older species the male can be readily distinguished by the shorter
pronotum and the much reduced area of the disto-dorsal section
of the tegmina. From testaceus the male of davisi is also readily
distinguishable by the more slender cerci, while from the same
sex of pachymerus it is also separated Ijy the slightly more pro-
nounced humeral sinus, the shorter and more robust caudal
femora, narrower pronotal disk and less attenuate cerci. The
female of davisi can be distinguished from that sex of both
testaceus and pachymerus by the relatively shorter pronotum
and more deeply divided subgenital plate, while from testaceus
it can also be separated by the more angulate sections of the
subgenital plate, the generally narrower ovipositor and the more
sharply attenuate distal portion of the caudal femora, and lastly
from that sex of pachymerus the female is separated in addition
by the less elongate caudal limbs.
From monticola the present form can be distinguished by the
somewhat less prominent eyes, by the less sigmoid lateral angles
of the disk of the pronotum, which are straighter and more reg-
ularly divergent caudad in davisi, by the less decided contrast
between the inflated proximal portion and the slender distal
portion of the caudal femora, by the straight or at least straighter
ovipositor and the narrower and V-emarginate subgenital plate
of the female. More material may show the two forms davisi
and monticola to be geographic races of the same species, the one
of the southern Appalachians and the other of the northern
portion of the same and adjacent systems and portions of the
Piedmont region. As intermediates would be expected in the
mountains of Virginia, we have made a careful examination of
the few specimens available from that general region, but we
have no positive evidence of intergradation, except that the
female of monticola from Washington County, Virginia, has the
subgenital plate less broadly U-emarginate, but it is without the
least doubt monticola. The northern davisi is, apparently, in
process of ))rcaking up into at least two forms, not however,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
60 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
sufficiently defined to recognize by name, and it is certain that
monticola is a more ancient and more divergent, thoroughly
established form, the geographic connecting intermediates of
which may not exist to-day. At any rate it is the best policy to
consider the two of specific rank until we have the proof of other
relationship before us.
Description of Type. — Size rather small (for the genus); surface smooth
but in general not polished. Head not elevated dorsad of the level of the
pronotal disk, the fastigium moderately declivent, narrowly rounding into
the line of the face which is slightly protuberant in the fastigial area, width
of the fastigium shghtly less than the width of one of the eyes; eyes in outhne
subovate with a quadrate tendency, their greatest dorso-ventral depth equal
to about two-thirds the infra-ocular depth of the genae, when seen from the
dorsum the eyes are moderately protuberant ; antennae greatly surpassing
the body length. Pronotum with the dorsum of the usual type, the narrowest
point of the disk at about the cephalic third, the lateral carinae continuously
indicated and regularly sigmoid, the greatest (caudal) width of the disk
contamed one and one-half times in the length of the same, cephalic margin
of the disk very faintly obtuse-angulate emarginate, caudal margin flattened
arcuate and well rounded laterad; lateral lobes with the greatest depth con-
tained about one and four-fifth times in the greatest dorsal length of the same>
cephalic margin of the lobes oblique-truncate, ventro-cephalic angle rounded
obtuse, ventral margin subtruncate with the usual ventro-caudal trend,
ventro-caudal angle well rounded, caudal margin oblique with a distinct and
moderately marked, though shallow, humeral sinus. Tegmina very briefly
surpassing the caudal margin of the pronotal disk, the proportion not more than
one-half the caudal width of the disk, the distal portion well rounded, the
whole strongly vaulted, the marginal field very narrow and subequal in width-
Wings vestigial. Abdomen with indications of median and lateral carinae;
disto-dorsal abdominal segment obtuse-angulate emarginate; sui)ra-anal
plate with the margins rectangulate, a distinct medio-longitudinal sulcus
present; cerci rather short, of a substyliform type, the apex slightly blunXed,
internal tooth disto-median in position, short, subuncinate; subgenital plate
with the distal margin rotundato-rectangula.e emarginate, styles quite brief.
Prosternal spines very short; mesosternal lobes slightly acute, the tips sub-
mammillate. Cephalic and median limbs rather short. Caudal femora
subequal to twice the length of the pronotal disk, very considerably inflated
proximad and relatively slender distad, ventro-external margin unarmed,
ventro-internal margins showing from two to four spines; caudal tibiae with
t'he principal internal distal spur not quite reaching the middle of the meta-
tarsus.
Allotype. — 9 ; Same data as type. (Hebard Collection.)
Description of Allotype. — Differing from the description of the type in the
following non-ambisexual characters. Tegmina minute, completely hidden
under the ])rou()tuni. Supra-anal plafc witli form more rounded and the
REHN AND HEBARD 61
sulcus proximal only; cerci short, teretf;; ovipositor very slightly longer than
the caudal femora, straight, moderately robust, subequal in depth, not tapering
(except on proximal third) and rather sharply narrowed to the apex which is
ventro-median in position; subgenital plate sharply and deeply divided, the
lateral portions of the plate with their tips regularly and sharply rectangulate.
Caudal femora in length slightly more than twice that of the pronotal disk,
ventro-internal margins of the caudal femora with single spines.
Paratijpic Series. — We have indicated as paratypes a series
of four males and seven females taken at the type locality and
in company with the type and allotype.
Morphological Notes. — The variation in form found in this
species is very considerable and has proved quite puzzling.
One of the most striking features is the variation in the general
form and proportions of the pronotal disk; this is very great,
probably the greatest found in the genus, and the two extremes,
both of which are present or closely approximated in each of the
series from Arlington and Orange, Virginia, are so different
that it requires careful examination to show they are not
different species. In the male sex the proportion of greatest
caudal width of disk to length of same varies from 67 to 74 per
cent, and in the female sex the ratio is 62 to 71 per cent. The
form of the disk is also influenced by the degree of constriction
at the cephahc fourth, this and the general curve of the lateral
carinae of the disk varying independent of the ratio of greatest
breadth to length. The least width of the disk is contained
from but little more than twice ( cf ; Broad Top Mountain, Penna.)
to nearly thrice ( 9 ; Arhngton, Va.) in the greatest length of
disk. The cephahc margin of the pronotal disk varies from shal-
lowly angulate-emarginate to subtruncate, the latter condition
unusual. The caudal margin of the pronotal disk is considerably
arcuate in the male, varying in the female from similarly arcuate
to truncato-arcuate. The humeral sinus of the lateral lobes is
always well indicated. The tegmina of the male show no appre-
ciable variation in length. The prosternal spines are always
rather short, but vary greatly in length, and while occasionally
quite aciculate are more frequently but brief dentiform projec-
tions, and more rarely mere subobsolete nodes. The meso-
sternal lobes are rectangulate with a subtuberculate angle. The
disto-dorsal al)dominal segment of the male shows an apprecia-
ble amount of variation in the degree of angulation of the median
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
62 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
emargination; the supra-anal plate of the same sex has its apical
angle more acute and median sulcus more pronounced and more
continuous in some specimens than in others. The male cerci
vary somewhat in robustness and degree of attenuation of the
distal third, the teeth being median or disto-median and, while
short, strongly uncinate. The male sex has the subgenital
plate with the margin varying from subtruncate to rectangulate
emarginate, the majority of individuals having this portion
obtusely emarginate; the styles vary from moderately long
and slender to the very briefest knobs. The ovipositor of the
female shows an amount of variation similar to that noticed
in the form of the pronotal disk, this being chiefly in general
form and not so much in length. In the northern specimens, i. e.,
those from New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Iowa,
the ovipositor averages deeper, with the ventral margin straight
or very faintly convex and the apex not distinctly ventral but
approaching or reaching the median line of the ovipositor. In
the majority of southern specimens, i. e. those from Virginia and
Maryland, the ovipositor averages more slender, with the ven-
tral margin straight or very weakly concave and the apex dis-
tinctly ventral in position. In the twelve females from ArUngton
and Orange, Virginia, we find two females which represent the
more northern type and three others are intermediate. TheBelts-
ville, Maryland female also represents an intermediate condition.
The measurements given herein show that the variation in pro-
notal length is largely relative. The subgenital plate of the female
is very deeply and narrowly V-emarginate and the lateral portions
are always rectangulate to faintly obtuse-angulate, with the
angle not or but very sHghtly rounded.
Color Notes. — The general color pattern of this form is that
found in all the members of this species group. The general tone
of the dorsal and lateral surfaces varies from tawny-olive through
snuff brown and vinaceous-brown to seal brown, the usual stip-
phng of blackish-fuscous varying in depth and density with the
general intensification of the whole pattern. The shining blackish-
fuscous areas on the sides of the pronotum, and also occasionally
on the pleura and the sides of the proximal abdominal segments,,
are generally but not invariably correlated with the general
intensification of the coloration. The caudal femora generally
REHX AND HEBARD 63
show an infuscation of the external face of variable position
and depth — this, however, may be absent. Generally this infus-
cation is ventral and rather solid, again it may be along the
median hne and narrow or wholly broken up into scattered
marmorations. This latter condition is more pronounced in
the male than in the female sex and apparently is purely indi-
vidual. The ovipositor varies in color with the general tone.
The entire ventral surface of the thorax and abdomen is bright
yellow in the living specimens we have seen.
In this species the pale ochraceous of the disto-dorsal portion of
the male tegmina is just as marked as in testaceus and pachymerus,
and perfectly constant in the males seen. The pale border of
the humeral sinus of the lateral lobes is equally constant in
presence, but varies some in length and also in contrast, the
latter largely due to the depth of the blackish of the adjacent
portion of the lateral lobes. The latter feature is as variable
as in the other species of the genus. One male from Arlington
is most strikingly colored, reminding one of certain individuals
of the Acridids, Hippiscus phoenicopterus and Scirtetica marmo-
rata, as it has the entire dorsal surface of the head, pronotal
disk and abdomen, except for a narrow median bar of the general
brown color, of a uniform Rinnemann's green (Ridgway).
Measurements (in millimeters)
Sullivan County, New York .... 18.9
Twin Lakes, Pennsylvania 17.4
Cove Mountain, Pennsylvania.. IS. 6
Rockville, Pennsylvania 21 .4
Broad Top Mountain, Penn-
sylvania 16. S
Arlington, Virginia 20.4
Arlington, Virginia 23
Orange, Virginia, Type 22 . 2
Orange, Virginia, Paratype .... 21.5
Orange, Virginia, Paratype .... 23 . 1
Wyandotte, Indiana 20
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
6°-
a M
rt 5
c = a
8.2
5.7
r.7
16
8.4
5.9
5
16.3 ....
8.4
5.7
4.5
16
8,2
5.9
4.5
16.3 ....
7.7
5.2
4.1
15
9
6.4
4.5
17.5 ....
9.5
6.4
5
18
8.2
5.8
5
16.3 ....
7.9
5.9
3.5
15
8.5
6.1
4
15.5 ....
9
6.2
5.5
17.6 ....
64 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Measurements {in mUlimeters) — Continued
-5 •S -g c j3 '^ a
"c ■^s -g'o -o "c "o
-g ^o OJ3 "Sg ■igb :g
60 C3 S S ^ ^ S E, M g so
Lake George, New York 24 9 6.3 .... 20 21
East Jewett, New York 19 9 6 .... IS 19.3
Ithaca, New York 17 8.4 5.6 .... 17.4 19
Duncannon, Pennsylvania 20.5 8.6 5.5 .... 19.3 21.7
Diamond Valley, Pennsylvania . 19.6 7.8 4.9 17.3 18.7
Beatty, Pennsylvania 23 . 2 8.6 5.5 .... 17.9 19.2
Beltsville, Maryland 21 8.7 6 .... 17.621.5
Arlington, Virginia 23.3 9 6.1 .... 20 21 .5
Arlington, Virginia 26.5 9.3 6.1 .... 20 21.8
Arlington, Virginia 23.7 9.2 6 .... 20.9 20.5
Orange, Virginia, Para^ypc 19.4 2" 8.4 6 18.3 19.1
Orange, Virginia, AZZofj/pe 22.8 8.8 5.9 .... 19 20
Orange, Virginia, Para^ype ... . 23.2 8.6 6 .... 18.8 19.2
Orange, Virginia, Para/ype 23.6 9 5.9 18.3 20.6
Stony Man Mountain, Virginia . 20.7 8.1 5.5 16.4 20.5
Leetonia, Ohio 16 '^i 8.5 5.9 .... 17.1 18 . 4
Wyandotte, Indiana 23. 9=' 9.7 6.6 .... 20.9 23.5
Vigo County, Indiana 21 .5 9.4 6.1 .... 20.5 23
Keokuk, Iowa 25 10.6 6.2 .... 22.1 23
Geographic Variation: — Under this heading we have several
features which need consideration. The species seems to be in
process of breaking up into at least two forms, which, however,
are not fixed enough to recognize by name and which are not
quite absolute in their geographic correlation. One is a heavier,
stockier type, with a generally more flaring caudal margin of the
pronotum when seen from the side, relatively more robust
caudal femora and heavier and straighter, although sometimes
faintly arcuate, ovipositor. This type is that of the mountains of
New York and portions of Pennsylvania, as well as Ohio, Indiana
and Iowa. The other is a relatively more slender type without as
much flare to the pronotum, relatively less robust caudal femora
and more slender ovipositor, which latter generally has a slight
decurvature of the ventral margin and a distinctly ventral apex.
'" Abdomen compressed.
^1 Body Ijadly shrivelled.
22 Body bloated.
REHN AXD HEBARD 65
This type is that of portions of Virginia; Maryland and Penn-
sylvania individuals are also referaVjle to it. However, certain
specimens in both of the larger Virginia series in one or more of
these features show the form similar to the type found at the other
extreme of the specific range. The species moniicola, the rela-
tionship of which to davisi we have already discussed, is in some
respects more nearly related to the more northern type than to
the more southern type of the davisi complex, so it would appear
that the lower land type (f. e. the southern type of davisi) is
probably the most recent development and the more northern
form the more primitive. On account of the possession of a
distinctly curved ovipositor and a characteristically formed
subgenital plate in the female sex we would consider 7nonticola
the more specialized of the forms.
Aside from the features above treated we find that specimens
of davisi from the higher elevations represented in Pennsylvania
(Broad Top Mountain and Diamond Valley) and Virginia (Stony
Man Mountain) show a reduction in size when compared with
material from lower elevations. Material from the extreme
borders of the range is little different in the proportions measured,
aside from an increase in the length of the pronotum, caudal
femora and of the ovipositor in material from Indiana and Iowa.
The ovipositor form variation, which has been treated under
Morphological Notes, shows a geographic correlation; the females
from Pennsylvania northward and from Ohio and Indiana have
an ovipositor with a straight or very faintly convex ventral
margin and an apex which is not truly ventral in position, while
those specimens from Maryland south to Virginia have, as a
rule, ah ovipositor with the ventral margin straight or very
faintly concave and the apex distinctly ventral. In the ArUng-
ton and Orange series, however, we find both types present.
Biological Notes. — From the available information it is seen
that this species appears adult during the latter half of June and
early July, and is present in that condition to at least the first
week of September. The earliest date for mature specimens
is June 16, at Great Falls, Virginia, and the latest September 7, at
Diamond Valley, Pennsylvania. Immature individuals repre-
senting three instars were taken on June 4 at McConnellsburg,
Pennsylvania, and others belonging to the same instars on June
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
3
66 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
25 on Meadow Mountain, Maryland. The locality at which the
latter specimens were taken is at a considerable elevation (3000
feet) and this may account for the date discrepancy of equiva-
lent material.
At Arhngton, Virginia, the species, in company with A. tes-
taceus, was taken in a variety of situations at night, by working
with the aid of a flash-lamp. The Orange, Virginia, specimens
were found, in company with A. americanus, locally not scarce
in dead leaves and scattered green undergrowth of chestnut
woods on Southwest Mountain.
Distribution.— From northern New York (Lake George) south
to south-central Virginia, west to southern Iowa. The species
is not known from the Appalachian region south of western
Virginia (Stony Man Mountain and Hot Springs) and we have
no Canadian or New England records.
Specimens Examined: 70: 21 cf , 36 9, 5 juv. cf , 8 juv. 9 •
Lake George, New York, VIII, 29, 1893, (J. L. Zabriskie), 1 9 , [A. M. N. H.].
Catskill Mountains, New York, (W. T. Davis), 1 9, [Davis Cln.]; IX, 23
to 25, 1911, (E. T. Cresson Jr.), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
East Jewett, Catskill Mountains, New York, VIII, 8, 1914, (W. T. Davis),
1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Sullivan County, New York, 1887, (W. T. Davis), 1 cf , [Davis Cln.].
Ithaca, New York, VII, 6, 1890, VIII, 5 and 6, 1885, (O. E. Pearce and
Comstock), 2 9,4 9, [Cornell Univ.].
Twin Lakes, Pennsylvania, VII, 15, 1914, (Chapman), 1 cf , [Davis Cln.].
Enterline, Pennsylvania, VII, 17, 1912, (V. A. E. Daecke), 1 &, [Daecke
Cln.].
Duncannon, Pennsylvania, VIII, 8, 1 9 , [Pa. St. Dept. Zool.].
Cove Mountain, Pennsylvania, VIII, 23, 1914, (V. A. E. Daecke), 1 cf,
[Daecke Cln.].
Rockville, Pennsylvania, VII, 5, 1915, (V. A. E. Daecke), 1 d', [Daecke
Cln.]; VII, 7, 1 d", [Pa. St. Dept. Zool.].
Broad Top Mountain, Pennsylvania, (Joseph Leidy), 1 &, [A. N. S. P.]."
Diamond Valley, Pennsylvania, IX, 7, 1905, (R.), 1 9, [A. N. S. P.].
McConnellsburg, Pennsylvania, VI, 4, 1905, (Witmer Stone), 1 juv. cT,
3juv. d^, [A. N. S. P.].
Beatty, Pennsylvania, (Bruggcr), 2 9 ,■ [A. N. S. P.].
Meadow Mountain, Maryland, 3000 feet clev., VI, 25, 1907, (^^'itmer
Stone), 2 juv. d, 3 juv. 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Conowingo, Maryland, (Bayard Long), 1 juv. cr", [A. N. S. P.].
Laurel, Maryland, VII, 15, 1883, 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Beltsville, Maryland, VIII, 16, 1909, (W. L. McAtee), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Glenndale, Maryland, VII, 3, (Nellie Caudell), 1 juv. d, [U. S. N. M.].
" Recorded by Rehn as A. dorsalis (Entom. News, xiii, p. 315, (1902)).
REHN AND HEBARD 67
Rock Creek, District of Columbia, V, 28, 1905, (D. H. demons), 1 juv. 9,
[U. S. N. M.].
Arlington, Virginia, VI, 9, 1914, (H.; taken at night with flash-lamp),
3 d^,5 9.
Fairfax County, Virginia, VI, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis Chi.].
Great Falls, Virginia, VI, 16, 1910, (W. T. Davis), 1 cf , [Davis Cln.].
FaUs Church, Virginia, VI, 24, 1915, (C. T. Greene), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Green Dell Farm, two miles west of Pohick, Fairfax County, Virginia,
VIII, 25, 1912, 1 d", [U. S. N. M.].
Orkney Springs, Virginia, (G. W. Hiflebower), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Stony Man Mountain, Virginia, (Miss Pollock), 1 juv. 9; VII, 28, 1912,
(H. G. Dyar), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Orange, Virginia, VII, 21, 1913, (R. & H.; in dead leaves and scattered
green undergrowth in chestnut forest), 5 cf , 8 9 , type, allotype and paratypes,
[Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].
Hot Springs, Virginia, IX, 6, 1914, (Henry Fox), 1 cf , [Fox Cln.].
Addison, Virginia, VIII, 27, 1914, (A. N. Caudell), 1 9, (U. S. X. M.].
Leetonia, Ohio, VII, 20, 1892, (H. G. Wolfgang), 1 9 , [U. S. X. M.].
Lawrence County, Indiana, VII, 15, 1903, (W. S. Blatchley), 1 9, [Hebard
Cln.].
Wyandotte, Indiana, VIII, 1905, (A. X. Caudell), 1 cf, 1 9, [U. S. X. M.].
Keokuk, Iowa, VII, 19, 1913, (M. P. Somes; near rocks in timber at foot of
bluff), 1 9, [Somes Chi.].
This species has been recorded by Mead as A. dorsalis from Ohio.
Atlanticus monticola Davis (PI. VI, figs. 10, 11 and 12; pi. VII, figs. 4,
13 and 22; pi. VIII, figs. 6 and 14.)
1911. Atlanticus pachymerus Rehn and Hebard (not Dcdicus pachymerus
Burmeister, 1838), Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 644. [.Jones' Knob,
Xorth Carolina.]
1915. Atlanticus monticola Davis, Bull. Brooklyn Entom. Soc, ix, p. 104.
[Lake Toxaway (t3^pe locality). Valley of the Black Mountains, Black
Mountains, Balsam, Linville and Jones' Knob, Xorth Carolina; Pinnacle
Peak and Claj^ton, Georgia^*.]
This interesting form, which has quite a circuniscri])cd range,
is a close relative of davisi, agreeing in the general form and pro-
portions, in the character of the tegminal development of the
male, in the general form of the male cerci and in the type of the
subgenital plate of the female, showing far greater afFmity with
-* Of the two immature males and one immature female from Clayton,
Georgia, referred to this species by Davis, we are able to assign positively
only the males. Of the females in this condition seen from that locality, all
which can be identified with certainty are referable to americanus. Immature
specimens of this genus are extremely hard to determine as many of the impor-
tant features of diagnostic value are obscured or not fully revealed until the
mature condition is reached.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC. X
68 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
that species than with the other ineml)ers of this species group —
testacetis and pacJnjmerns. The present form and davisi may prove
to be geographic races of the same species, but more conclusive
evidence than we possess will be necessary to warrant us in so
considering them. Proof of intergradation of the two in the Vir-
ginian mountains would make such action necessary.
In both sexes of monticola the eyes are somewhat more promi-
nent than in darisi, the lateral angles of the pronotal disk are
more sigmoid and more decidedly incurved caudad, while the
contrast between the inflated proximal and slender distal portions
of the caudal femora is more apparent and the latter section is
relatively longer than in davisi. The male sex can also be
separated from that sex of davisi by the marginal field of the
tegmina being broader proximad and narrowing distad, instead
of quite narrow and subequal as in davisi. The female sex of
monticola can also be chstinguished from that of davisi by the
distinctly arcuate distal portion of the ovipositor, which is there
distinctly upcurved and has an appreciable concavity to the
dorsal margin, by the distal section of the ovipositor also narrow-
ing to the submedian tip and by the median incision of the sub-
genital plate being broader and rounded at the bottom, thus in
general more U-shaped.
Morphological Notes. — In this species the extremes of variation
of pronotal form are very decided, being due not so much to
the variation in width of the metazonal portion of the disk as
to the variation in width of the greatest constriction of the
carina of the prozona. All of the individuals with the more
constricted form of pronotum are from the more northern
(Virginia and West Virginia) or more elevated (Linville, Black
Mountains, Jones' Knob) localities and the least constricted
ones are from lower (Valley of Black INIountains, Lake Toxa-
way) or more southern (Pinnacle Peak) points. This corre-
lation may be accidental and due to the small size of the series
examined or it may be supported by collections made in the
future. That this cephalic constriction is entirely independent
of the varying proportion of the greatest caudal width to length
is evident in figuring out, from the measurements, the ratios of
the two. The greatest width varies in the males from 64 to 78
per cent of the length, in the females from 64 to 72 per cent.
When the males showing the greatest amount of difference in
REHX AND IIEBARD 69
the cephalic constriction of the lateral carinae (viz. greatest —
Shaver's Mountain, West Virginia; least — Pinnacle Peak, Geor-"
gia) are compared, no correlation with the ratio of the greatest
(caudal) width to length is found. Of the extremes of constric-
tion, one (Pinnacle Peak) shows the greatest or 78 per cent of
greatest width ratio, the other (Shaver's Mountain) shows a
proportion (73 per cent) much nearer this figure than, as one
would imagine, to the other extreme of the series. The lack of
correlation of the two features is quite evident. Of the females
the Lake Toxaway paratype is relatively the narrowest over all.
The Shaver's Mountain male has the least width of the pronotal
disk contained two and one-third times in the greatest (caudal)
width of the same, while the Pinnacle Peak male has the same
proportions one and five-eighths times. The Washington
County, Virginia, female has the same proportion one and two-
thirds times and the Lake Toxaway specimens both show one
and two-fifths. The cephalic margin of the pronotal disk varies
from subtruncate to very shallowly subangulate emarginate.
The caudal margin of the disk is moderately arcuate to arcuate-
truncate with the lateral sections of this margin strongly arcuate.
The lateral lobes of the pronotum show a well marked humeral
sinus in both sexes, but the degree of indentation is variable.
The male tegmina vary but slightly in the degree of production
caudad of the pronotum, while the vestigial female tegmina are
well concealed. The disto-dorsal abdominal segment of the male
is always angulate emarginate, the degree of the same varjdng
from obtuse to nearlj^ rectangulate. The supra-anal plate of the
male varies greatly in form, from broad semi-elliptical to sharply
rectangulate in outUne, the medio-longitudinal sulcation contin-
uous or limited to the proximal section. The cerci of the male
vary appreciably in robustness and to a lesser degree in relative
length, while the tooth is always disto-median in position and in
form moderately incrassate and relativel}^ uncinate; the distal
section of the cercus shows some variation in attenuation. The
male subgenital plate, as in most of the forms of the genus, shows
a considerable degree of variation in the character of the emar-
gination of the distal margin, this ranging from nearly truncate
to U-emarginate, while the styles vary as much in length as in
davisi, one male (Black Mountain) having them present as the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
70 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
merest nodes. The ovipositor of the female, always, as far as
our material goes, shows the characteristic dorsal curve of the
distal section, although this is subject to some fluctuation in the
degree of the curvature. The apex of the ovipositor is always
nearer the median hne than is usual in the genus and there is a
shght and very gradual approximation of the margins distad.
The depth of the ovipositor is relatively considerable and its
length proportionate to the caudal femora appears to be well
fixed. The female subgenital plate has the median emargination
constant in form and diagnostic of the species. The prosternal
spines, as in davisi, vary from the merest nodes to spines of
medium length. The mesosternal lobes are always slightly
acute-angulate with the apex submammillate.
Color Notes.— The coloration of this species varies greatly; in
several specimens the base color of the hmbs, and in one, of the
pronotum, is pale ochraceous. Some individuals have pencillings
of blackish fuscous on the dorsum of the pronotum and abdomen
and heavy stipplings and cloudings of the same on the limbs,
while the majority of the specimens show a narrow median or a
broad medio-ventral area of the same blackish fuscous on the
external face of the caudal femora, although several representa-
tives have this absent. In addition several specimens show
cloudings of fuscous proximad, mesad and distad on the caudal
femora and distal clouds on the other femora, these more evident
in the pale specimens. The fuscous of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum varies in proportion to the contrast of the pattern.
These color differences are irrespective of sex.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Shaver's Mountain, West Vir-
ginia
Linville, North CaroHna, Para-
type
Black Mountains, North Caro-
lina, Paratype
bO
c
►3
J3
C
o
O J-
2|
-as
17.()
8
5.9
4.6
14.8
IS
8.2
5.7
5.4
16.8
19
8.2
5.9
5.4
17.9
REUX AND HEBARD 71
Measurements {in millimeters) — Continued
d" J J -j'^ 3^ J-S 5
Valley of Black Mountain,
North Carolina, Paratype .. . 19.5 9 5.8 5.2 18.8
Jones' Knob, North Carolina,
6000 feet, Paratype 18.5 8.7 6.4 6 17.7
Jones' Knob, North Carolina,
Paratype 18.8 8.7 6 5 17.9
Pinnacle Peak, Georgia, Para-
typed' 19.8 7.6 6 4.4 18
9
Washington County, Virginia . . 22.7 8.9 6.3 20.2 ^s
Valley of Black Mountain,
North Carolina, Paratype .. . 20.6 8.9 6.1 20 19.4
Jones' Knob, North Carolina,
Paratype 21.3 8.8 6.3 .... 19 19
Lake Toxaway, North Carolina,
Type 20 8.3 6 18.5 18.5
Lake Toxaway, North Carolina,
Paratype 23.2 9.9 5.7 19.6 17.6
Geographic Variation. — Our material is too scanty to reach any
definite conclusions regarding this tj^pe of variation in the present
species. However, as we have stated above under Morphological
Notes, the individuals with the relatively greatest cephalic con-
striction of the pronotal disk are from the more northern or more
elevated localities and those Avith the least constriction from the
lower or more southern ones. Whether additional material will
give more light on this point remains to l)e seen. The female
from Washington County, Virginia, has the subgenital plate
more narrowly emarginate than the other material, but the form
is typically that of moniicola.
Biological Notes. — From the material at present available this
species is seen to reach maturity as earlj^ as July 28 (Linville,
North CaroHna) and to occur as late as October 7 (Jones' Khob).
We know the insect is adult at Jones' Knob from August 19 to
the last date given above. The only information we have on the
25 Ovipositor broken in this specimen.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
72 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
habits of monticola is that, at Jones' Knob, it occurred in the
undergrowth of the deciduous forest immediately below the
spruce belt.
Distribution. — The more elevated areas of the southern Appa-
lachian region, the known localities being almost entirely above an
elevation of three thousand feet, the highest record being from
six thousand feet. The most northern locality known is Shaver's
Mountain near Durbin, West Virginia and the most southern,
Clayton, Rabun County, Georgia.
Remarks. — As we have said above this insect and davisi may
prove to be forms of the same species, one possibly being the
equivalent of the other in a more restricted and pecuhar (monti-
cola) or a more extended and varied (davisi) environment. We
have already commented upon this under davisi.
Specimens Examined: 14;7c?', 5 9,2juv. cT.
Shaver's Mountain, Durbin, West Virginia, 3500 feet elevation, VIII, 26,
1909, (A. D. Hopkins), 1 c^, [U. S. N. M.].
Washington County, Virginia, (E. A. Smyth Jr.), 1 9, [HeV:)ard Chi.].
Linville, North CaroUna, VII, 18, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 1 d", paratype,
[Morse Chi.].
Black Mountains, North Carolina, IX, (C. Schaeffer), 1 cf , paratype,
[Bklyn. Inst. A. & S.].
Valley of Black Mountain, North CaroUna, VIII, 5 to 30, 1906, (W.
Beutenmiiller), 1 cf , 1 9 , paratypes. [A. M. N. H.].
Jones' Knob, Balsam Mountains, VIII, 19, 1903, (A. P. Morse,) 1 d^, 1 9 ,
paratypes, [Morse Cln.]; 6000 feet elevation, X, 7, 1905, (M. Hebard; in under-
growth of deciduous forest), 1 cf , paratype, [Hebard Cln.].
Lake Toxaway, North Carolina, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), 2 9 , type and
paratype, [Davis Cln.].
Pinnacle Peak, Rabun County, Georgia, VIII, 20, 1913, (J. C. Bradley),
1 cf, paratype, [A. N. S. P.].
Clayton, Georgia, 2000 to 3700 feet elevation, VI, 1909, (W. T. Davis),
2 juv. cf , [Davis Cln.].
Atlanticus atuericanus (Saussure) (PI. VI, figs. 13, 14 and 21; pi. VII,
figs. 5, 14, and 23; pi. VIII, figs. 7 and 15.)
1859. 0[rchcsticus] americanus Saussure, Revue ct Magasin de Zoologie,
2e ser., xi, p. 201. [Tennessee.]
1862. T[}i.yreonotus] dorsalis Scuddcr (not Decticus dorsalis Burmeister,
183S), Boston Journ. Nat. Hist., vii, p. 454. [Massachusetts; Rhode Island;
Maryland.]
1869. Decticus derogatus Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., ii, p. 260.
[Massachusetts.]
J
REHX AND HEBARD i6
1894. [Allanticus] dorsalis Scudder (not Decticus florsalis Biinnoistor, 1838),
Canad. Entom., xxvi, pp. 179, 180, 183. (In kej' to species of genus.)
1900. Siipator americanus Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xxvii, p. 90.
(Bare combination.)
1907. Ailanlicus dorsalis Caudell, Proc. U. S. Xat. Mas., xxxii, p. 321, fig.
26. (Part.) [Maryland; Virginia; District of Columbia; Mississippi.]
(AtUmticus dorsalis of authors.)
The nomenclatorial tangles of the present species have been
due almost entirely to two unfortunate misidentifications by
Scudder. The first was the determination of the present species
as Burmeister's dorsalis, which, Uke the similar one oipachymerus,
was pardonable on account of the lack of material of true dorsalis.
We now know, however, that the present species does not occur
in the region from which the typical material of dorsalis prob-
ably came (i. e. the coastal region of South Carolina). The other
error was the identification of Saussure's Orchesticus americanus
as a member of a related genus, which is not known from east of
the trans-Mississippean prairie and plain region, for which the
name Orchesticus and later Stipator have been used. For com-
ments on these generic names see remarks made under the gen-
eric treatment. The original generic and specific descriptions
of americanus are sufficiently full to bring out the following fea-
tures possessed by Saussure's species: pronotum subcarinate,
margins of the median area sinuate; caudal femora beneath finely
spined; ovipositor straight, very long (30 mm.); coloration fus-
cous, hneate with yellow on both sides in pronotal sinus. Of
these features none apply to the forms of the genus for which
Scudder and other authors have used the ntime, while all are
descriptive of the Atlanticus found in Tennessee, the type locality.
Walker's derogatus is identical with the present species; Kirby-®
so considered it and Mr. Caudell has kindly suppHed us with
notes and measurements made by him from the type which fully
corroborate Kirby's assignment.
This species is easily recognized when compared with the other
forms of the genus, the characters given in the key being sufficient
to distinguish it. The male will under no circumstance cause the
least hesitation in recognition, on account of cereal and tegminal
characters, and the female can invariably be recognized by the
deep di\nsion of the subgenital plate, the lateral portions of which
26Syn. Catal. Orth., ii, p. 181, (190G).
TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
74 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
are sublanceolate and more produced than in any of the other
forms of the genus. True dorsalis can be readily distinguished,
in addition, by the weak lateral carinae of the pronotal disk
and the more elongate and more slender caudal femora.
Morphological Azotes.— This species exhibits the same amount
of variation in the relative proportion of the greatest (caudal)
width of pronotal disk to length of the same, as found in
davisi and the other species treated in the preceding pages. In
the male sex alone this ratio varies from 56 to 64 per cent and
in the two females from Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, the varia-
tion is so great that we get the decidedly different ratios of 54
and 67 per cent. The remarks we have already made regarding
the non-correlation of this ratio difference with the width of the
area of greatest convergence of the lateral carinae of the disk,
i. e. at cephahc third to fourth, is strikingly illustrated and sup-
ported by these two Lookout Mountain specimens, as while they
are so strikingly different in their other ratios they have exactly
the same least width of the disk. The cephahc margin of the
disk of the pronotum varies from subtruncate to distinctly arcu-
ato-emarginate, and this in the large Dias Creek series alone.
The caudal margin of the pronotal disk is always well arcuate and
though the degree of the same varies that portion is never sub-
truncate. The lateral lobes of the pronotum have Httle variation
in the form of the humeral sinus, which is broad and relatively
well indicated. The disto-clorsal abdominal segment in both
sexes is always angularly emarginate mesad, the exact angle
varying somewhafand the deeper portion of the angle is more or
less rotundate. The supra-anal plate of the male is always tri-
gonal and sulcate. The cerci of the male show a considerable
amount of individual variation in material from the same locality
and also some geographic chfference, this being due to an attenua-
tion or a shortening and thickening of the cercus, the tooth hold-
ing relatively the same position in all. In the more robust type
of cercus, the proximal portion is slightly disproportionately thick-
ened. The tooth varies little in character, but is more decided
and heavier in southern specimens. The male subgenital plate is
always fissate, the apparent degree depending on the amount to
which the plate has been compressed in drying, and the styles vary
REHN AND HEBARD /O
individually as much in length as in the other species of the genus.
The supra-anal plate of the female is similar to that of the male
but more obtuse. The form of the ovipositor is fairly uniform,
being always straight except in a few individuals which show the
faintest decurvature, while the relative depth shows little varia-
tion and the apex is always ventral. As a general rule the ovi-
positor is slightly shorter than the caudal femur, two specimens,
however, showing a difference in the length in favor of the ovi-
positor of as much as 2.1 to 7.6 miUimeters. The degree of dif-
ference in the length in favor of the femoral length appears to
increase southward, but our evidence is not conclusive on this
point. The subgenital plate of the female shows no noteworthy
variation in its distinctive form. The prosternal spines vary in
length from mere nodes to aciculate spines of medium length,
w^hile the mesosternal lobes range in form from distinctly acute-
angled to rectangulate, the immediate apex faintly mammillate.
The females from Holly Springs and Winona, Mississippi, are
noteworthy in having relatively shorter and broader ovipositors
than is usual in the species. The specimens are, however, repre-
sentative of this form, although they may indicate a variation
developed from the more usual type at this extreme point of the
range of the species. The two females from Meridian, Missis-
sippi, are similar in this respect to more eastern specimens.
Color- Xotes. — The color variations found in this species are
essentially those occurring in most of the forms of the genus, in
general a range of the body color from ochraceous tones to dark
umber shades, as well as diminution or intensification of the shin-
ing blackish fuscous area on the lateral lobes of the pronotum, the
two features in no way correlated. The difference from the other
species appears to be that but very rarely does the blackish fus-
cous color appear on the pleura or any of the abdominal segments,
w^hich almost invariably remain of the general tone. The minute
"pepper and salt" character of the pattern is indicated in all the
specimens seen.
In certain individuals, most of which are from the southern
states, a longitudinal series of blackish fuscous quadrate spots
are indicated along the line on which the traces of the lateral
carinae of the abdomen are situated, more particularly ventrad
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
76 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
of these spots are placed a number of parallel series of similar
but much smaller dots. These markings are independent of the
depth of the pronotal infuscation. The male tegmina show some
little variation in the strength and shade of the ochraceous disto-
dorsal patch. The caudal femora vary in the intensity and
general size of the usually present marmorations, there also occa-
sionally being a fine medio-longitudinal hne on the external face.
In certain strongly contrasted individuals from River Junction,
Florida, the external face of the caudal femora is heavily infuscate.
Measurements {in millimelers)
O M 3 O ^ 3
in .2 0 Sy^ ^ Z,
Staten Island, New
York 20 9.9 5.7 5.1 22.9
Staten Island, New
York 20.8 9.5 5.7 4.8 23.4
Dias Creek, New Jer-
sey. Average and
extremes of ten
specimens 23.8 9.4 5.8 5.1 22.1
(21.2-25.7) (9-10) (5.2-6.2) (4.8-5.7) (20.8-
Orange, Virginia 26 10 6.3 5.1 26.3
Orange, Virginia .. . 28.3 10.3 6.6 5.8 24.7
Greensboro, North
Carolina 30.7^7 11 6.6 5.8 25.5
Topton, North Caro-
lina 21.8 9.2 6 5.3 22.3
Murphy, North Car-
olina 23.5 10.8 6.9 5.8 25
Tuckoluge Creek,
Georgia 20.8 9.4 5.4 5.3 22
Tuckoluge Creek,
Georgia 19.6 9.5 6 4.7 23
River Junction, Flor-
ida 25.4 10.5 6.4 5.5 27.8
River Junction, Flor-
ida 24 9.6 6.1 5.4 27.4
Chehawhaw Moun-
tain, Alabama ... . 26.3 10.5 6.8 5.2 27
^' Abdomen slightly stretched in stuffing.
■23.6)
REHN AND HEBARD
77
Measurements (in milliyneters) — Continued
S.B
Winona, Mississippi
Meridian, Mississippi
Natchez, Mississippi
9
Massachusetts. Type
of Declicus deroga-
tus Walker .-« ....
Dedham, Massachu-
setts
Staten Island, New
York
Staten Island, New
York
Dias Creek, New Jer-
sey. Average and
extremes of ten
J
c 2
1^^
la
24.7
10.5
6.6
6.2
26.6
24.8
10.2
6
5.7
27.2
25.3
10.2
6.2
5.4
27.3
10
21.8
11.1
6.2
20
9.9
6
29
10.4
6.5
26
26.6
24.3
25.8
27
25.8
25
25.8
specimens .
24.4
10
6.2
24.9
24.1
(21
5-
-26.4)
(9
.7-10.
3) (6-6.6)
(23-26.5)
(22.7-27)
Cabin John
Run,
Maryland .
22.2
9.9
6.3
25
26
Roanoke, Vir
^inia . .
29.3
10.5
6.4
27.2
25
Sulphur !~
prings,
North Carolina . . .
24.2
10.2
6.2
25.6
26.3
Greensboro,
North
Carolina. .
29
11.3
6.6
29.4
26.8
Greensboro,
North
Carolina . .
27
10.9
6.3
28
25.5
Greensboro,
North
Carolina . .
27.4
11
6.7
29.4
26
Waynesvillc,
North
Carolina .
24
10.2
6.7
24.6
26.7
Andrews, North Car-
olina
26.
10.8
6.6
28
28.3
Murphy, North Car-
olina
27.5
10.2
6.5
27.8
26.3
Tuckolugo
Creek,
Georgia . .
25
10
6.5
27
24.8
Jasper, Georg
ia. . . .
28.4
10.5
6.4
28 . 1
24.8
'^^ Measurements ni
ade and kindly supphed by Mr
. A. N. Caudell.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
78 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Measurements {in millimeters) — Concluded
c3 O
■a fl
Lost Mountain,
Georgia 25.9 10.9 6.8 .... 28. 2 25.9-
Bainbridge, Georgia. 25.2 10.2 6 .... 29 26.4
River Junction, Flor-
ida 23.8 10.6 6.2 .... 29.2 28
River Junction, Flor-
ida 28.4 11.7 7.3 .... 32.2 31.2
Tennessee (ex Saus-
sure) 30
Lookout Mountain,
Tennessee 28.3 11 6.8 .... 30.2 28.6
Lookout Mountain,
Tennessee 29.5 11.5 6.5 . .'. . 28 25.3
Opelika, Alabama . . 27.2 12 7 .... 29.5 29.5
Opelika, Alabama. . 26.5 10.7 6.2 .... 28.4 26.3
Holly Springs, Miss-
issippi 3023 12 7 .... 30.6 23
Winona, Mississippi. 27 12 7.3 .... 30.4 25.6
Meridian, Mississippi 26.4 11 6.4 .... 31 30.5
Geographic Variation.- — It is evident, from the above measure-
ments, that as one passes to the south and southwestward
over the range of this species, the individuals from the highest
elevations remain of approximately similar size to those from
the more northern locahties, while in the valleys and on the
lower elevations the individuals are progressively larger, the max-
imum being reached in northern Florida, central Alabama and
the whole of Mississippi. The best index to this increase is
furnished by the length of the caudal femur. It is also note-
worthy, although not so conclusively demonstrated, that the
ratio of the length of the caudal femur to that of the ovipositor
changes from but shghtly, to distinctly, in favor of the femur as
we proceed southward. In northern Mississippi (Holly Springs
and Winona) there appears to be developing an incipient race,
with a much shorter and heavier ovipositor. Meridian, Missis-
sippi specimens are of the usual type. Males from northern,
2^ Body abnormally compressed.
REHN AND HEBARD 79
Florida and southern Mississippi show an elongation of the
distal section of the cercus, which is distinctly more attenuate
than in individuals from the Carolinas and northward.
Biological Notes.— The earliest date we have for this species to
reach maturity in the northern states is July 15 at Pink Hill,
Pennsylvania, when and where an immature specimen in the
instar preceding maturity was also taken. In the southern states
it matures somewhat earlier, as our material shows dates as early
as July 8 (Sand Mountain, Georgia). At higher elevations in the
southern states the development of the species may be slower, as
our July material from points in Rabun County, Georgia, is
largely immature, but we lack specific information. At Dias
Creek, New Jersey, on July 20, both mature and immature spec-
imens were taken, and at Pink Hill, Pennsylvania, on July 1,
only immature individuals were found. On July 9, at Arlington,
Virginia, all material taken (five specimens) was in the instar
preceding maturity.
The present species is a frequenter of the areas of dead leaves
and low undergrowth in pine and deciduous forest, occasionally
being more numerous along the edge of the timber than in the
depth of the woods. Its presence will often be signaHzed by the
patter on the leaves as it jumps away from the disturbing foot-
steps. The insects are so thoroughly protected by their color-
ation that it is often difficult to see them, even when moving,
much less when stationary. Their activities are chiefly noc-
turnal and work with a flash-lamp will sometimes reveal them in
many situations.
Distribution. — The range of the species covers the Carolinian
hfe zone and also portions of the AUeghanian and Austroriparian
zones, and extends from central New England (Dedham, Massa-
chusetts and possibly New Hampshire) south to northern Florida
(River Junction), central Alabama (Opelika) and south-central
Mississippi (Natchez), west to the last mentioned locality. In
no case have we seen material from west of the Appalachians
in the northern portion of the range of the species, but southward
it occurs in the drainage basin of the Tennessee River, while it is
found as far north in the general Mississippi Valley region as
Holly Springs, Mississippi. In New York and New Jersey, the
range covers the coastal region and Costal Plain area, but in
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
80 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Virginia and North Carolina, it occurs in the Piedmont and in the
large valleys of the Tennessee in North Carolina, in the latter
state leaving the vicinity of the coast. The species is not known
from the vicinity of the coast south of Virginia Beach, Virginia.
In Pennsylvania and New York the species appears to be absent
from the more elevated country, where it is replaced by A. davisi,
both forms occurring together, however, at localities in Virginia.
A record of this species from Sudbury, Vermont, made by Scud-
der, probably refers to A. davisi, which is found in the same
region, while the present species appears to be absent.^'' The
vertical distribution of this species appears to be from sea-level
in the north, to 3000 to 4000 feet above the same in North
CaroUna (Topton).
Specimens Examined: 162; 52 d^, 79 9 , 10 juv. d', 21 juv. 9 .
Dedham, Massachusetts, VIII, 1897, (F. H. Sprague), 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Yaphank, Long Island, New York, IX, 5, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis
Cln.].
East Quogue, Long Island, New York, VIII, 1899, (W. T. Davis), 1 9,
[Davis Cln.].
Staten Island, New York, VII, 1895, VIII, IX, 8, IX, 1893, late fall, (W. T.
Davis), 3 d', 2 9, [Davis Cln.].
Jamesburg, New Jersey, VIII, 31, IX, 23, 1904, (W. T. Davis), 1 cf , 1 9 ,
[Davis Cln.].
Lakehurst, New Jersey, IX, 6 and 13, X, 10, 1914, (W. T. Davis), 5 9,
[Davis Cln.].
CassviUe, New Jersey, VIII, 1910, (W. T. Davis), 1 o", [Davis Cln.].
Pasadena, New Jersey, VIII, 11, 1914, (H. K. Plank; on cranberry bog),
1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Stafford's Forge, New Jersey, VIII, 24, 1914; (R.; in oak scrub, sweet fern
and huckleberry low undergrowth) 1 cf , 1 9 .
West Creek, New Jersey, VIII, 28, 1914, (R.; trapped in molasses jar in
oak and pifie woods), 1 9 .
Tuckerton, New Jersey, VIII, 31, (W. T. Davis), 1 9, [Davis Chi.].
Parkdale, New Jersey, VII, 30, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 juv. 9 .
Atsion, New Jersey, VII, 30, 1911, (R. & H.), 1 9.
Reega, New Jersey, VII, 31, VIII, 1 to 4, 1914, (H.; in undergrowth of pine
forest), 1 o", 2 9 .
Dennisville, New Jersey, IX, 7, 1908, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Swainton, New Jersey, VIII, 21, 1914, (II.; in pine woods undergrowth),
1 9.
s^CaudeU (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, p. 321, (1907)) has recorded im-
mature examples of dorsalis from Arizona, Florida and California. Those
from Florida represent true dorsalis but the immature individuals from the
western states represent other genera.
REHX AXD HEBARD 81
Dias Creek, New Jersey, VII, 20, 27 and 31, VIII, 1 to 8, 1914, (H.; in dead
leaves and among huckleberry bushes in deciduous forest), 22 cf, 25 9,1
juv. cf, 2 juv. 9.
Wildwood Junction, New Jersey, VII, 27, 1914, (H.; undergrowth in oak
woods), 2 cf .
West of Bennett, New Jersey, IX, 25, 1915, (B. Long; in dry woods), 1 9,
[A. N. S. P.].
Pink Hill, Pennsylvania, VII, 1, 1910, VII, 15, 1911, (R. & H.; in open
woods on serjientine barrens), 1 cf , 2 juv. cf , 1 juv. 9 .
Cabin John Run, Maryland, IX, 19, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 9, [Davis Chi.].
Plummer's Island, Mainland, VIII, 11, 1907, (W. L. McAtee), 1 9, [V. S.
N. M.].
Washington, District of Columbia, 1 juv. cf, 1 juv. 9, ; VIII, 30, 1914,
(A. N. Caudell; in woods), 1 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Arlington, Virginia, VII, 9, 1911, (H.; taken in a variety of situations at
night with flash-lamp), 2 juv. cf , 3 juv. 9 .
Clarendon, Virginia, VI, 8, 1914, (H. A. AUard), 1 juv. 9, [U. S. N. M.].
FaUs Church, Virginia, VIII, 20, 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Seven-mile Ford, Virginia, VIII, 19, 1900, 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Orange, Virginia, VII, 21, 1913, (R. & H.; in dead leaves and scattered
green undergro'ni,h in chestnut woods), 2 cf , 1 juv. cf , 5 juv. 9 .
Roanoke, Virginia, IX, 6, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 1 9, [Morse Chi.].
Virginia Beach, Virginia, IX, 20, 1914, (H. Fox), 1 d', [Fox Cln.].
Greensboro, North Carolina, VII, 26, 1913, (R. & H.; one small colony in
leaves among grasses in deciduous forest), 1 cf , 4 9 .
Sulphur Springs, North Carolina, IX, 24, 1904, (H.), 4 9 .^'■
Waynesville, North Carolina, 2500 to 3000 feet elevation, IX, 14, 1908,
(Z. P.^ISIetcalf), 1 9 , [N. C. Dept. Agr.].
Lake Toxaway, North Carolina, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), 1 9, [Davis Cln.].
Topton, North Carolina, 3000 to 4000 feet elevation, VIII, 21, 1903, (A.
P. Morse), 1 cf , [Morse Chi.].
Andrews, North Carolina, VIII, 21, 1908, (F. Sherman), 1 9, [X. C. Dept.
Agr.].
Murphy, North Carolina, VII, 25, and VIII, 22, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 1
cf, 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, VIII, 23, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 2 9 , [xMorse
Chi.].
Clayton, Georgia, 2000 to 3700 feet elevation, VI, 1909, (W. T. Davis),
3 juv. cf, 3 juv. 9, [Davis Cln.].
Tuckoluge Creek, Rabun County, Georgia, VII, 1910, (W. T. Davis),
2 cf , 1 9,1 juv. 9 , [Davis Chi.].'^
Rabun Bald, Georgia, VII, 1910, (W. T. Davis), 1 juv. 9, [Davis Cln.].
31 Previously recorded as dorsalis by Rehn and Hebard (Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 644, (1911)).
52 Recorded as dorsalis by Davis (Journ. X. Y. Entom. Soc, xix, p. 218,
(1911)).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
4
82 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Top of Pinnacle Peak, Georgia, VII, 1910, (W. T. Davis), 1 juv. 9,
[Davis Cln.].
Tallulah Falls, Georgia, VI, 19 to 23, 1909, (J. C. Bradley), 1 juv. 9 , [Ga.
State Cln.].33
Sand Mountain, Georgia, VII, 8, 1905, (A. P. Morse), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Jasper, Georgia, VII, 26, 1903, (A. P. Morse), 1 9 , [Morse Cln.].
Lost Mountain, Georgia, VII, 13, 1913, (J. C. Bradley), 1 9 , [Ga. State
Cln.].
Bainbridge, Georgia, IX, 5, 1915, (R. & H.; on dead leaves under water
oaks near lake), 1 cf, 1 9 .
River Junction, Florida, VIII, 31, 1915, (R. & H.; among tree shoots in
heavy forest of beech, hickory, oak, magnolia, etc., on limestone hills), 5 cT,
4 9.
Chehawhaw Mountain, Alabama, 2400 feet elevation, VII, 13, 1905, (A. P.
Morse), 1 cf, [Morse Cln.].
Opelika, Alabama, VIII, 2, 1915, (H. ; in heavy thicket near stream in woods),
1 c?,l 9.
Holly Springs, Mississippi, VII, 12, 1910, (E. H. Raidle), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Winona, Mississippi, IX, 15, 1915, (H.; in dead leaves under scrub in mixed
forest on hillside), 1 cf , 1 9 .
Meridian, Mississippi, IX, 10, 1915, (H.; in open areas with sparse par-
tridge-berry and other small plants and vines in oak, sweet gum and tulip
woods on low hills), 1 cf , 2 9 •
Natchez, Mississippi, IX, 13, 1915, (R.; hopping over dead oak leaves in
dense low woods on high ground east of town), 1 cf.
Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder (PL VI, fig. 15, IG and 22; pi. VII, figs. 6,
15 and 24; pi. VIII, figs. 8 and 16.)
1877. Thyreonotus dorsalis Scudder, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 83.
(Part.) [Fort Reed, Florida.]
1894. [Atlanticus] gibbosus Scudder, Canad. Entom. xxvi, p. ISO. [North
Carohna; Florida.]
1907. Atlanticus gibbosus Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, p. 326,
fig. 31. [Florida; North Carolina.]
This striking species is one of the easiest forms of the genus
to recognize. The rounded yet clearly indicated lateral car-
inae of the pronotal disk in both sexes will serve to distinguish
this form, while the strongly arcuate character of the caudal
margin of the same disk and the great length of the lateral lobes
of the pronotum will also prove of service. The form of the male
cercus is uniciuc in the genus.
Morphological Notes. — In this species the pronotal form ex-
hibits the same features of individual variation found in other
members of the genus, the greatest (caudal) width of the disk
2' Previously recorded by the present authors as dorsalis (Proc. Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 596, (1911)).
REHN AND HEBARD 83
showing a proportion to length of from 50 to 58 per cent in the
female. Of these figures the Billy's Island males alone show
from 51 to 58 per cent in the male and 53 to 58 per cent in
the female. The area of least width is as little correlated with
the relative caudal width proportion as in the other species, but
the general form of the disk is more uniform in this species than
in other forms. The lateral carinae of the pronotal disk vary
but slighth' in the degree of their indication. The cephahc
margin of the pronotal disk varies from subtruncatc to shallowly
arcuato-emarginate; the caudal margin is always greatly arcuate.
The lateral lobes of the pronotum have their greatest depth
contained t^vice or nearly twice in their greatest dorsal length,
while there is some variation in the truncation or arcuation of the
ventral margin of the same; the humeral sinus is slightly more
indicated in some specimens than in others, but in all it is weak
or subobsolete. The male tegmina reach, but generally do not
surpass, the caudal margin of the pronotal disk, in several spec-
imens they project slightly. The female tegmina are deeply
buried under the pronotum. The usual dorsal and lateral carinae
of the abdomen are at most but weakly indicated in this species,
generally being obsolete. The disto-dorsal abdominal segment
is angulato-emarginate mesad in both sexes; in the male the
angle varies from acute to rectangulate, in the female it is ro-
tundato-obtuse, the resultant lateral angles moderately sharp.
The supra-anal plate is acute in both sexes. Cerci of the male
uniform in their form and curvature. Subgenital plate of the
male always fissate-emarginate, styles moderately long and not
appreciably varying in length. Ovipositor always robust and
straight, the apex ventral, the length, as shown by the measure-
ments, varying from 21.2 to 29.2 mm. and not correlated with
that of the caudal femora. Subgenital plate of the female with
the median emargination moderately deep and narrow, almost
fissate, the lateral sections well rounded. Prosternal spines
always well developed and aciculate, occasionally very long;
mesosternal lobes varying from but shghtly more acute than
rectangulate to strongly acute-angulatc. The caudal femora
vary in length in a maimer largely correlated with general size;
the ventro-internal margins bears a scries of spines varying in
number from tw'o to nine. The median disto-internal spur of
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
84 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
the caudal tibiae is but slightly longer than the dorsal disto-
internal one.
The immature males examined by us show that as early as the
second instar preceding maturity (Jacksonville) the character-
istic form of the cercus is clearly indicated, while in similar in-
dividuals of the female sex (Hastings) the general form and
character of the pronotum is sufficiently pronounced to enable
one to place the material.
Color Notes. — The general color in this species ranges from
bister through mummy brown, prout's brown, cinnamon brown,
tawny to cinnamon, with a few specimens washed with hazel.
Over this, of course, is the "pepper and salt" of the fuscous over-
color, of a variable density and distinctness, the marmorations
on the Hmbs varying with this and the lateral sections of the ab-
domen heavily stippled in the specimens with the densest over-
color. The blackish fuscous pattern of the lateral lobes of the
pronotum is more extensive than in any other species of the
genus except calcaratus, and when it is fully indicated its ventral
margin is of an approximately similar form to that found in the
other species. In its most extreme condition this fuscous
marking covers all of the lobes except a broad marginal area
including all the ventral margin and the caudal margin to the
usual position of the sinus, as well as a relatively small dorsal
section of the metapleura. The usual pale humeral sinus mark-
ing is frequently but a small semicircular spot, which, however,
is generally connected with the pale ventral section of the lobes.
The interantennal region and the proximal antennal joint is
always washed with blackish fuscous in individuals with the
heavily infuscated pronotal lobes. At the base of all the femoral
and all the tibial spines, with the exception of the dorso-caudal,
are fuscous markings, and occasionally there is a more or less com-
plete annulus of the same proximad on the cephalic tibiae. The
tegmina of the male have a strong disto-sutural blotch of fuscous.
REHN AXD IIEBARD
85
Measurements {in millimeters)
Sandfly, Georgia
Sandfly, Georgia
Bifly's Island, Georgia. Av-
erage and extremes of six
specimens
Spring Creek, Georgia
TaUahassee, Florida
Carabelle, Florida. . . .'
Pablo Beach, Florida
Lake City, Florida
9
Florence, South Carolina ....
Magnolia, South Carolina . . .
Currahee Mountain, Georgia
Warm Springs, Georgia
Sandfly, Georgia
Billy's Island, Georgia. Av-
erage and extremes of four
specimens
Crestview, Florida
TaUahassee, Florida . . .
Atlantic Beach, Florida .
Pablo Beach, Florida . .
Lake City, Florida
Merritt, Florida
We have not given
majority of specimens
pronotum.
^
o"
o^^
•^"i
hj
33.. 3
13.8
7.5
32.7
32
13
6.9
31.5
30.9
13.9
7.6
33.8
(28.6-
(13.7-
(7.2-
(33-
33)
14.1)
7.9)
34.8)
26
12.6
6.8
29.5
32
11.6
6.7
28.5
28.8
12.8
7
30.5
29
13
7
33.7
31.5
13.9
7.6
33.5
34.4
13.4
7.8
33.8
25.4
31.4
13.1
7.5
33
25
32.8
12.8
7.1
31.7
21.2
29
13.5
7.4
32.4
23.4
33
13.4
7.7
34
26.9
29.4
14.2
7.9
36.5
27.5
(27.2-
(14-
(7.6-
(36-
(27-
32.6)
14.7)
8.2)
37)
27.5)
30.5
14.6
8
.35.5
27.8
31.8
13.6
7.9
34
28.6
32.6
12.5
7.1
32.4
28.7
28
12.5
7.2
34.5
29.2
29.2
(broken)
8.2
36.7
29
27.6
13.4
7.8
35.2
27.5
h of the tegmen
in the
males, as in the
sex th<
3y are completely
covered
by the
Geographic Variation. — The only structural feature which
seems to have geographic correlation in its variation is the length
of the ovipositor of the female, this being shorter in the specimens
from the more northern (Florence and Magnolia, South Carolina)
and the more elevated (Currahee Mountain and Warm Springs,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
86 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERa)
Georgia) localities, when compared with the length of the same
in the individuals from northern Florida and southern Georgia.
The general size and length of the pronotum and caudal femora
show no geographic correlation in their variation. The Billy's
Island individuals of both sexes, however, represent the optimum
development of the species.
Biological Notes.— This striking species is chiefly an inhabitant
of pine and mixed pine and oak woods, where it lives among the
dead leaves in the undergrowth of low bushes and in wire grass.
Individuals jump with considerable agility considering their
bulk and are capable of defending themselves vigorously with.
their powerful jaws. The earliest exact record is June 9 at
Lake City, Florida, while adults and immature specimens from
Billy's Island, Georgia are labelled June and an adult from
Bainbridge, Georgia was taken between June 7 and 23. The
latest date for adults is October 15 to 16, at Crestview, Florida.
The Jacksonville immature example taken in May, as well as
that from Fort Reed taken in April, seems to indicate that the
species is always immature on those dates.
Distribution.— Th& Coastal Plain and the adjacent portions of
the Piedmont region from North Carolina (exact locaUty not
known) south to north-central Florida (Fort Reed and Merritt),
west to western Florida (Crestview) and inland as far as Currahee
Mountain and Warm Springs, Georgia. It ranges vertically
from sea-level to as high as 1700 feet in favorable locahties.
Specimens Examined: 47; 21 c?', 20 9,3 juv. o", 3 juv. 9 •
Florence, South Carolina, IX, 6, 1911, (R. & H.; in short-leaf pine forest),
1 9.
MagnoHa, South Carolina, IX, 5, 1911, (H.; in long-leaf pine woods), 1 9 .
Currahee Mountain, Georgia, 1700 feet elevation, VIII, 5, 1913, (H.; in
undergrowth of short-leaf pine woods), 1 9 •
Warm Springs, Georgia, VII, 31, 1910, (J. C. Bradley), 1 9, [Ga. State
Cln.].
Sandfly, Georgia, IX, 3, 1911, (R. & H.; taken on ground or climbing up
in weeds along edge of forest of gray-bark pine), 2 cf, 1 9 .
Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, VI, 1912, IX, 1 to 16, 1913,
(J. C. Bradley), 11 cf , 4 9,1 juv. d", 1 juv. 9 , [Cornell Univ.].
Spring Creek, Georgia, VI, 7 to 23, 1911, (J. C. Bradley), 1 d", [Ga. State
Chi.].
Crestview, Florida, X, 15 to 1(5, 1914, (Lutz and Watson), 1 9, [A. M.
N. H.].
REHN AND HEBARD 87
Tallahassee, Florida, IX, 2, 1915, (R. & H.; on dead leaves around bushes
and under tall water oaks on oak and pine clad hill crest), 2 cf, 6 9 .
Carrabelle, Florida, IX, 3, 1915, (H.; among bushes on outer border of
swampy area), 1 cf.
Lake City, Florida, 1 c?," [U. S. N. M.]; VI, 9, 1899, 1 9 , [Davis Chi.].
Jacksonville, Florida, V, 1885, (Ashmead), 1 jUv. cf, [Hebard Cln.].
Atlantic Beach, Florida, VII, 24, 1911, (R. & H.; on ground under live oak),
1 9.
Pablo Beach, Florida, VIII, 11 and 14, 1905, (R. & H.; in pahnetto scrub
and near edge of salt marsh), 3 cf , 1 9 , [Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].^
Hastings, Florida, (A. J. Brown), 2 juv. 9, [Morse CLn.].
Fort Reed, Florida, IV, 17, 1876, (Comstock), 1 juv. cf (sex uncertain,
abdomen imperfect), [Cornell Univ.].^"
Morritt, Florida, VII, 15, 1915, (A. R. ISIoore), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Atlanticus dorsalis (Burmeister) (PI. VI, figs. 17 and 23; pi. VII, figs. 7,
16 and 25; pi. VIII, figs. 9 and 17.)
1838. D[ecticus] dorsalis Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth, ii, pt. 1,
p. 713. [South Carolina".]
1905. Atlanticus gibbosus Rehn and Hebard (not of Scudder, 1894), Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 797. [Thomasville, Georgia.]
1907. Atlanticus dorsalis Caudell, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., x.xxii, p. 323.
(Part.) [Jacksonville, Florida.]
Our association of Burmeister's name with this species is,
as in the case of pachymerus, a matter of ehmination. The
present species certainly occurs in eastern South CaroHna; a
statement we feel warranted to make with our knowledge of
the field conditions there and also where the present species
has been taken. Of the other species taken near the probable
type locality not one would answer the brief description of
Burmeister. He particularly mentions that the tegmina of the
male sex (the only sex known to him) are hidden under the
pronotum, a condition found only in the present species, gihhosus
and glaber. The large gihhosus far exceeds Burmeister's measure-
ments and again has the lateral angles of the pronotum well
3^ Reported by CaudeU (Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxii, p. 327, (1907)).
55 Previously reported by Rehn and Hebard (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
1907, p. 315, (1907)).
'^Recorded as dorsalis by Scudder (Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xix,
p. 83, (1877)).
"Probably in the vicinity of Georgetown, South Carolina — see footnote
18, page 53.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
88 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
rounded, while Burmeister's key leading through the text to
pachymeriis and dorsalis descril^es these angles as sharp. The
slender bodied glaher is found nowhere near South Carolina
and would not answer the description on account of the strongly
rounded character of the angles of the pronotum. In addition
Burmeister would doubtless have mentioned the very peculiar
cerci of gihhosus or the very slender and unusual form of glaber
if he had had either form before him. These features would not
be noteworthy in connection with the present species.
This species stands ciuite apart from the other forms of the
genus, although it is a member of the glaber-calcaratus group.
It appears to be sort of a connecting hnk bridging the gap between
this rather aberrant section and the other more coherent units
of the genus. The relationship to the pachymerus and ameri-
canus groups is, however, more apparent than real, consisting
as it largely does of a similarity in the general form of the dorsum
of the pronotum. When we take the features of relationship
to glaher and calcaratus, however, the form of the lateral lobes
of the pronotum, the appreciable rounding of the lateral angles
of the disk of the same, the character of the male tegmina, i. e.
form and position, the form of the male cerci and the characters
of the distal caudal tibial spurs, we find the real affinity is strongly
in that direction.
The form of the pronotum in the two adults before us is very
similar, the humeral angle, which is subobsolete in the male,
being weakly indicated in the female. The pronotal disk is
hardly constricted in form, the width at the cephalic third being
hardly less than that at the cephalic margin, the lateral margins
weakly diverging on the median third with the caudal third of
the disk subequal in width. The greatest width (caudal third)
of the disk is 49 ( 9 ) to 57 ( d" ) per cent of the total length of the
same. A faint but appreciable median carina is present on the
caudal half of the disk and the lateral angles of the same are
somewhat rounded although well defined. The cephafic margin
of the disk is very shallowly arcuate — or faintly angulate-
emarginate; caudal margin of the same moderately arcuate in
the female, approaching subtruncate in the male. The lateral
lobes have their greatest depth contained twice in the greatest
dorsal length of the same.
REHN AND HEBARD 89
The male tegmina project but very slightly caudad of the
caudal margin of the pronotal disk, are distinctly vaulted in
form with the mirror of the tympanum relatively large. The
abdomen has the dorsal and lateral carinae well indicated in
both specimens. The disto-dorsal abdominal segment is roundly
obtuse-angulate emarginate in the male, more decidedly angulate
in the female. The supra-anal plate in both sexes is small,
rectangulate, with a medio-longitudinal sulcus. The male cerci
are short and robust, the distal portion moderately acute. The
male subgenital plate is shghtly acute-angulate emarginate,
the styles of medium length, slender .^^ The ov^ipositor of the
female is moderately robust and straight, the apex ventral, the
length of the ovipositor but little more than two-thirds that of
the caudal femur. The subgenital plate of the female is deeply
and broadly U-emarginate, the tips of the lateral sections of
the plate well rounded. The prosternal spines are of medium
length, aciculate; the mesosternal lobes acute, varying in degree
in the two specimens, the tips faintly mammillate. Caudal
femora elongate, moderately bullate proximad and passing regu-
larly into the slender distal portion, the ventro-internal margin
with three to five spines; caudal tibiae with the medio-internal
distal spur twice as long as the ventro-internal one.
The immature specimens have an elongate, narrow type of
pronotum resembling that of glaber and calcaratus, but with indi-
cations, however, in the outline of the disk of the condition of
the adult, while the form of the lateral lol)es is distinctly the
same. The abdomen is strongly carinate in all these immature
individuals.
Color Notes. — Both adults seen are very dull colored, having
little contrast, the general dorsal tone being bone brown to fus-
cous, the pale section of the lateral lobes, venter and genae sayal
brown in the female, bister in the male. The face is washed
with the dorsal color in both adults. The fuscous of the lateral
lobes of the pronotum is restricted to the caudal extension of
the lateral lobes and the very narrow edging of the region of
the humeral sinus is strongly contrasted. The immature speci-
mens are in general colored much as the adults, the fuscous
'^ The male seen has one style normal, the other is replaced by a heavy in-
completely articulated process, apparently an abnormal condition.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
90 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
of the lateral lobes of the pronotum being more extensive in some
few specimens in the second instar preceding matm-ity. In
two immature individuals (cf and 9) in the same stage the
pronotum and the abdomen bear a median closely placed pair
of fuscous lines, such as are frequently seen in A. glaber.
Measurements (in millimeters)
C3^ =3'T1'^
bug
hJ C^ o
lf-T3
cT' South Carolina (ex Bur-
meistcr) 22.9 25.4
(i^ Billy's Island, Georgia 25.4 10.7 6.1 24.3
9 Thomasville, Georgia 25.7 12.2 6 29.8 20.6
Biological Notes. — From the scanty information available it
is seen that the species becomes adult by June and the specimens
taken as late as April 9 are in the second instar preceding matur-
ity. The immature individuals taken March 16 are in the third
instar preceding maturity, while the December 10 and 18 speci-
mens are extremely small. We should judge the eggs hatch
about December 1 (at Thomasville). The species was taken
in damp areas in the pine woods.
Distribution. — From South Carolina (exact locality not cer-
tainly known) south to northeastern Florida (Jacksonville^^),
west at least to southwestern Georgia (Thomasville).
Remarks. — This species is unquestionably a divergent member
of the glaher group, the evidence of the immature specimens
supporting that found in the adults.
Specimens Examined: 12;ld^,l 9,7juv. d^,3juv. 9-
Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, VI, 1912, (J. C. Bradley),
1 cf , [Cornell Univ.].
Thomasville, Georgia, XII, 10, 1903, XII, 18, 1908, III, 16 to IV, 9, 1904, (H.
and R. & H.; in wire grass in pine woods), 5 juv. cf , 3 juv. 9 ; VII, 23, 1903,
(for H.), 1 9 , [all Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].^»
Jacksonville, Florida, III, 4, 1905, (H. G. Dyar), 2 juv. cT, [U. S. N. M.].
'^ Blatchley's record of the young of Atlanticus pachymerus from Ormond,
Florida (A Nature Wooing, p. 223, (1902)) may refer to this species. See
also under glaber and calcaratus.
*« Recorded by Rehn and Hebard (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904,
p. 797, (1905)) as A. gibbosus.
REHN AND HEBARD 91
Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hcbard (PI. VI, figs. 18 and 24; pi. YII,
figs. 8, 17 and 26; pi. VIII, figs. 10 and 18.)
1877. Thyreonotiis dorsalis Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist, xix, p. 83.
(Part.) [Fort Reed, Florida.]
1905. Atlanticus sp. Rehn and Hebard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905,
p. 48. [Miami and Tampa, Florida.]
1912. Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard, Ibid., 1912, p. 269, figs. 20 to 22.
[Miami and Homestead, Florida.]
There is little to add to the description of this species, except
a few slight amplifications and additions. The pronotum is
uniform in shape as described and figured, except that the Marco
and several Miami males show no trace of a sinus indentation
in the caudal margin of the lateral lobes. The caudal section
of the pronotal disk has a trace of a median carina. The tegmina
in the male type do not exceed the caudal margin of the pronotal
disk, those of a number of the other males in the series slightly
surpass the same; the form of the tegmen is characteristic, the
mirror of medium size. Disto-dorsal abdominal segment in
both sexes nearly rectangulate-emarginate, varying somewhat
individually in this respect, the lateral angles bordering the same
moderately produced; supra-anal plate of male rectangulate, some-
times with a rotundate tendency, of the female acute-angulate, with
a medio-longitudinal sulcus on the greater (proximal) portion
of its length. Subgenital plate of male acute- to rectangulate
emarginate; styles of medium length, slender. Ovipositor vary-
ing slightly in depth and in length, faintly decurved in the Marco
female, the apex ventral or submedian. Subgenital plate of
the female rather broadly U-emarginate, the lateral angles
rotundate-subacute. Caudal femora with four to nine spines
on the ventro-internal margin. Medio-internal distal spur of
the caudal tibiae slightly more than twice as long as the ventro-
internal spur.
Color Notes. — The following notes are supplementary to those
given in the original description. The pale dorsal coloration is
occasionally (two males, Marco and Miami) entirely uniform
pale chestnut (between burnt sienna and chestnut of Ridgway);
the same area may bear a closely placed median pair of fine
medio-longitudinal lines (weak in allotype, pronounced in Marco
female and one Miami male and several immature specimens),
while the black maculations on the sides of the abdomen may be
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
92 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
present or absent (female from Marco). The shining black of the
lateral lobes of the pronotum varies from strongly indicated
and extending over the dorsal section of the lobes to obsolete
(Marco female) ; the pale caudal border is always marked. The
male tegmina are very pale maize yellow to sanford brown,
lined along the humeral trunk and broadly painted along the
sutural margin with blackish fuscous, the mirror outlined with
the same. In life the ventral surface of the abdomen is pale
lemon yellow' (Ridgway). The immature material does not
differ essentially from the adults in coloration.
Measurements {in millimeters)
O O 3 rt g
Pineland, Florida 27.6 10.7 4.7 26.2
Marco, Florida 24.2 11.2 4.7 26.3
Miami, Florida, Type 31.5" 11.5 4.1 25 . 8
Miami, Florida. (Matured in
Philadelphia) 24 10.6 4.3 25
Miami, Florida. (Matured in
Philadelphia.) 27.4 12 4.4 27
9
Pineland, Florida 27.4 11.7 4.3 28 17.5
Pineland, Florida 29.2 11.3 4.3 28.2 18.2
Marco, Florida 24.5 11.2 4.9 30.2 20.4
Miami, Florida., Allotijpe 32.5" 11.8 4.1 28 20
Biological Notes. — From available material it is evident that
the present species matures in south Florida b^' March 16,
while the last date we have for adults is May 20. In early Feb-
ruary the specimens from that region are about half-grown,
while others taken March 6, 16, 17, and 28, as well as one INIay
18 to 20, are in the instar preceding maturity. The Tampa
specimen, January 17, is very small, but clearly referal^lc to this
species. The Fort Reed individual, taken April 20, is in the
instar preceding maturity.
The species occurs in undergrowth in pine woods and in grasses
in meadowy regions within its range.
^1 Body probably .slightly overstuffed.
REHX AXD HEBARD 93
Distribution. — Central'^ and southern Florida; from Fort Reed
and Tampa south to the extreme point of the eastern pine belt
(Homestead).
Specimens Examined: 28; 10 c?, 7 9,5 juv. cf, 6 juv. 9.
Fort Reed, Florida, IV, 20, 1876, (Comstock), 1 juv. 9, [Cornell Univ.]."
Tampa, Florida, I, 17, 1904, (H.), 1 juv. d".
Pineland, Pine Island, Charlotte Harbor, Florida, V, 18 to 20, 191.5, (H.;
in undergi-o\A't.h of pine woods ), 1 cf, 5 9,1 juv. 9 ■**
Marco, Florida, IV, 20 and 21, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 d^, 1 9 , [Davis
Cln.].«
Miami, Florida, II, 6 and 9, 1904, (H.), 4 juv. d', 2 juv. 9,''^ III, 6, 1915,
(juv. only). III, 16, 1915, (adult and juv.), (H.; rare but widelj- distributed
through undergrowth in pine woods), 1 cf, 7 juv. cf;^^ III, 28, 1910, (H.),
1 cf, type, 1 9, allotype, 1 juv. 9, paratype, [Hebard Chi. and A. X. S. P.].
Homestead, Florida, III, 17 to 19, 1910, (H.), 1 juv. 9, paratype.
Atlanticus calcaratus new species (PL VI, figs. 1, 19 and 25; pi. VII, figs.
9, IS and 27.)
This interesting species is a development of the glaber type,
being much nearer to that form than to A. dorsalis. From
A. glaber the present species can be separated by the shorter pro-
notum, the truncate caudal margin of the disk of the same,
the deeper and shorter lateral lobes of the pronotum, which
also have an appreciable indentation at the sinus, the more
acute angles of the disto-dorsal abdominal segment, the less
exserted and shorter cerci of the male, the subfissate subgenital
plate of the same sex, the more robust limbs and the greatly
elongate medio-internal distal spur of the caudal tibiae. The
prosternal spines are lacking in the available material of calca-
ratus, but as these may be individual in their indication we have
refrained from giving this feature as diagnostic.
" Blatchley's record of the young of A. pachymerus (A Nature Wooing,
p. 223, (1902)) may refer to this species. See also under A. dorsalis and
calcaratus.
« Recorded by Scudder (Proc. Boston Soc. Xat. Hist., xix, p. S3, (1877))
as Thxjreonotus dorsalis.
« Hebard, Entom. News, xxvii, p. 21, (1916).
^5 See Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, xxii, p. 113, (1914).
«Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhHa., 1905, p. 48, (1905).
^" The immature specimens were brought north alive and all but one suc-
cessfully reached maturity April 12 to 24 (See Hebard, Entom. News, xxvi,
pp. 459 to 460, (1915)).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
94 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Type: cf; Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia. June,
1912. (J. Chester Bradley.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type
no. 5275.]
Description of Type. — Size rather small (for the genus); form moderately
compressed; surface glabrous dorsad, somewhat polished laterad, on the face
and on the limbs. Head with the occiput following the general curve of the
dorsum of the pronotum; fastigium, when seen from the lateral aspect, broadly-
rounding into the moderately retreating line of the face, when seen from the
dorsum the fastigium is very broad, the width equal to the greatest depth
of the eye, the ventro-lateral margins of the fastigium rectangulate conver-
gent, the ventral extremity faintly produced, narrow, truncate and in fuU
contact with the facial fastigium; eyes subcircular in outline, flattened ceph-
alad, theu' greatest depth not more than two-thirds that of the infra-ocular
portion of the genae; antennae moderately surpassing the apex of the abdomen.
Pronotum when viewed from the lateral aspect appreciably arcuate cephalo-
caudad, distinctly compressed, the disk narrow, subequal, the greatest caudal
width of the disk but 38 per cent of the greatest length of the same, the lateral
angles of the disk straight, subparallel, but moderately indicated and well
rounded into the lobes; cephaHc margin of the disk gently arcuato-emarginate,
caudal margin of the disk moderately arcuate, more rounded laterad where
it passes into the caudal margin of the lateral lobes, surface of the disk with
the faintest possible indication of a median carina; lateral lobes of the pro-
notum with the greatest depth contained one and three-fom'ths times in the
greatest dorsal length of the same, cephalic margin of the lobes weakly arcuato-
emarginate, ventro-cephalic angle broadly rounded obtuse-angulate, ventral
margin gently convex, ventro-caudal angle broadly obtuse, caudal margin
of the lobes obhque with a distinctly indicated though shallow humeral sinus.
Tegmina relatively narrow, projecting nearly a third their length caudad of
the caudal margin of the pronotal disk, distal margin well rounded, costal
margin nearly straight, marginal field of medium width at base and becoming
narrower distad, mirror relatively of medium size, of a subquadrate form.
Abdomen distinctly tricarinate, the lateral carinae about as distant from one
another as the lateral angles of the pronotal disk, all becoming weaker caudad;
disto-dorsal abdominal segment rather deeply acute-angulate emarginate
mesad, the lateral angles of the same sharp and acute, the emarginations at
the cereal bases strongly contrasted in consequence; supra-anal plate brief,
rounded rectangulate, with a median deep longitudinal sulcus in the greater
(distal) portion of its length; ccrci short, robust, distal extremity subattenuate,
acute, very faintly sublamellate on internal margin, tooth median, robust,
strongly falcate; subgenital plate relatively narrow, distal margin subfissate
mesad, styles slender, terete, faintly longer than the width of the distal
margin of the plate. Prosternum imspined; mesostcrnal lobes acute-angulate
with their apices submammillate. Cephalic and median limbs rather short
(for the genus). Caudal femora elongate, considerably over twice the length
of the pronotal disk, moderately inflated proximad and passing regularly
into the slender distal portion, internal margin with four to six spines; caudal
tibiae when flexed against the femur slightly shorter than the latter, exiernal
REHN AND HEBARD 95'
distal spurs with tlir median one largety straight and twice as long as the
ventral one, median internal distal spur very long and straight, about two and
one-half times as long as the ventral one and reaching to the distal margin
of the metatarsus; caudal tarsi moderately slender, subcompressed.
Female unknown.
Paratype. — In addition to the type we have examined a para-
typic male in the Morse Collection, taken at Hastings, Florida,
by A. J. Brown.
Measuremenls {in millimeters)
^B
42 o S ii
^ a c i
2 O M ~
a u. o p^
SO. -^ "
■go "° ^
fi £2 §5| c aB
cf Billy's Island, Georgia,
Type 22.5 10.1 3.9 3.6 23.9
c? Hastings, Florida, Para-
type 24.4 10.9 4 5.2 24. S
Color Notes. — The type and paratype are very different in
general coloration, but comparison shows this is largely due to
the difference in the pale color tone, the type being in a strongly
contrasted phase, the paratype in a much less contrasted one.
General base color of the type dull mustard yellow (Ridgway)
on the head and pronotum and ochraceous tawny on the abdo-
men and limbs, of the paratype benzo brown to chaetura drab
(Ridgway), both fairly solid and little broken by the overlying
blackish fuscous. In the type the overlying blackish fuscous
is fairly solid on the head, except the dorsum, solid on the lateral
lobes on the pronotum, except for the pale ventral and caudal
margins of the same, and on the infra-carinal lateral sections of
the abdomen it is represented by a dense stippling and a juxta-
carinal longitudinal series of deep clorso-vcntrad lanceolate
markings and several longitudinal series of dots ventrad of the
other markings, while on the cephalic and median limbs it is
present as a heavy overlying marmoration and on the lateral
faces of the caudal femora as a wash which varies in depth,
and through which the sculptured pattern is indicated. The
paratype shows a blackish fuscous coloration similar to the type
TRANS. AM. K\T. SOC, XLII.
96 STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
except that the head is not as sohdly colored but instead is finely
vermiculate with that shade, the pronotal lobes are not as deeply
or as solidly washed and the infuscation of the caudal femora
is not as solid. The dorsum of the head in the type has a pair of
broken closely placed dark medio-longitudinal lines, absent in the
paratype. Eyes blackish fuscous (type) to old gold (paratype);
antennae russet, becoming fuscous distad. The pale margin of
the lateral lobes is similar in shape in both individuals, being
broad on the ventral margin and narrowest over the sinus, the
ventral section of the pale margin clouded with fuscous and the
extreme caudal section occasionally washed with greenish
(paratype). Tegmina with the marginal field and extreme
proximal portion pale, the base color of the remainder ferru-
ginous, the other veins and cross nervures lined with fuscous,
which is solidly the color of the disto-sutural section of the
tegmina. The median carina of the abdomen is brokenly lined
with fuscous in the type, but almost unmarked in the paratype,
which has, however, the dorsal surface of the abdomen finely
stippled with the same shade. Venter aniline yellow, in the
paratype becoming pyrite yellow distad. Ventral area of the
caudal femora washed with yellow ochre to antimony yellow;
caudal tibiae with the spines tipped with blackish fuscous.
MorpJiological Notes. — The two specimens seen fully agree in
the morphological features except that the paratype has the sub-
genital plate less narrowed and the emargination of the distal
margin less fissate and shallower than in the type.
Biological Notes. — We know nothing definite regarding the
habits or occurrence of the species.
Distribution. — The low coastal region of southeastern Georgia
and northeastern Florida.'**
Specimens Examined: 2 males.
Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Georgia, VI, 1912, (J. C. Bradley),
cf , type, [A. N. S. P.].
Hastings, Florida, (A. J. Brown), 1 cf , paratype, [IMorse Cln.].
^^ Immature specimens recorded as A . dorsalis by Blatchley (A Nature
Wooing, p. 223, (1902)) from Ormond, Florida, may represent this species.
See also under dorsalis and (jlnber.
REHN AND HEBARD 97
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate VI
Fig. 1. — Atlaniicus calcaraius new species. Billy's Island, Georgia. Dorsal
view of male type). (X 2)
Dorsal outline of disk of pronotum, and tegmina (when projecting). ( X 1 ^)
Fig. 2. — Atlantims testaceus (Scudder) . Male. Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 3. — Atlaniicus testaceus (Scudder). Female. Guthrieville, Pennsyl-
vania.
Fig. 4. — Atlaniicus pachymerus (Burmeister). Male. Goldsboro, North
Carolina.
Fig. 5. — Atlaniicus pachymerus (Burmeister). Female. Goldsboro, North
CaroUna.
Fig. 6. — Atlaniicus pachymerus (Burmeister). Female. Lake Ellis (Have-
lock), North Carolina.
Fig. 7. — Atlaniicus davisi new species. Male {type). Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 8. — Atlaniicus davisi new s'ltecies. Female {allotype) . Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 9. — Atlaniicus davisi new species. Female. East Jewett, New York.
Fig. 10.— Atlaniicus monticola Davis. Male (paratype). Linville, North
CaroUna.
Fig. 11. — Atlaniicus monticola Dsivis. Female {type). Lake Toxaway, North
CaroUna.
Fig. 12. — Atlaniicus monticola Davis. Female. Washington County, Vir-
ginia.
Fig. 13. — Atlaniicus americanus{Sa\issuie). Male. Dias Creek, New Jersey.
Fig. 14. — Atlaniicus americanus (Saussure). Male. Murphy, North Caro-
lina.
Fig. 15. — Atlaniicus gibbosus Scudder. Male. BiUy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 16. — Atlaniicus gibbosus Scudder. Female. Atlantic Beach, Florida.
Fig. 17. — Atlaniicus dorsalis (Burmeister). Male. Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. IS.— Atlaniicus glaber Rehn and Hebard. Male (Ujpe). Miami, Florida.
Fig. 19. — Atlaniicus calcaraius new species. Male (type). Billy's Island,
Georgia.
Internal distal spurs of caudal tibia. ( X 5)
Fig. 20.— Atlaniicus testaceus (Scudder). Female. Guthrie viUe, Pennsyl-
vania.
Fig. 21. — Atlaniicus aynericanus (Saussure). Male. Murphy, North Caro-
lina.
Fig. 22.— Atlaniicus gibbosus Scudder. Female. Atlantic Beach, Florida.
Fig. 2Z.— Atlaniicus dorsalis (Burmeister). Male. BiUy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 2^.— Atlaniicus glaber Rehn and Hebard. Female (allotype). Miami,
Florida.
Fig. 25.— Atlaniicus calcaraius new species. Male (type). BiUy's Island,
Georgia.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
5
STUDIES IN AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE (oRTHOPTERA)
Plate VII
Lateral lobe of pronotum. (X 1^)
Fig. 1. — Atlanticus testaccus (Scudder), Male. Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 2. — Atlanticus pachymerus (Burmeister). Male. Goldsboro, North
Carolina.
Fig. 3. — Atlanticus davisi new species. Male (type). Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 4. — Atlanticus monticola. Davis. Female (type). Lake Toxaway,
North Carolina.
Fig. 5. — Atlanticus americanus (Saussure). Male. Dias Creek, New Jersey.
Fig. 6. — Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder. Male. Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 7. — Atlanticus dorsalis (Burmeister). Male. Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 8. — Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard. Male (ti/pe). Miami, Florida.
Fig. 9. — Atlanticus calcaratus new species. Male (type). Billy's Island,
Georgia.
Outline of detached tegmen of male. (X 2)
Fig. 10. — Atlanticus testaceus (Scudder). Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 11. — Atlanticus pachymerus (Burmeister). Goldsboro, North Carolina.
Fig. 12. — Atlanticus davisi new species. Paratype. Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 13. — Atlanticus monticola Davis. Paratype. Linville, North CaroUna.
Fig. 14. — Atlanticus americanus (Saussure). Dias Creek, New Jersey.
Fig. 15. — Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder. Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 16. — Atlanticus dorsalis (Burmeister). Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 17. — Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard. T^Jpe. Miami, Florida.
Fig. 18. — Atlanticus calcaratus new species. Type. Billy's Island, Georgia.
Outline of left cercus of male. ( X 5)
Fig. 19.— Atlanticus testaceus (Scudder). Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 20. — Atlanticus pachymerus (Burmeister). Goldsboro, North CaroUna.
Fig. 21. — Atlanticus davisi new species. Type. Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 22. — Atlanticus monticola Davis. Paratype. Linville, North Carolina.
Fig. 23. — Atlanticus americanus (Saussm-e). Dias Creek, New Jersey.
Fig. 24. — Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder. Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 25. — Atlanticus dorsalis (Bm-meister). Billy's Island, Georgia.
Fig. 26. — Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard. Type. Miami, Florida.
Fig. 27. — Atlanticus calcaratus new species. Type. Billy's Island, Georgia.
REHN AND HEBARD 99
Plate VIII
Lateral outline of ovipositor. (X I2)
Fig. 1. — Atlaniicus teslaceus (Scudder). Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 2. — Atlanticus pachymerus (Burmeister). Goldsboro, North Carolina.
Fig. 3. — Atlanticus davisi new species. Allotype. Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 4. — Atlanticus davisi new species. Paralype. Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 5. — Atlanticus davisi new species. East Jewett, New York.
Fig. 6. — Atlanticus monticola Davis. Type. Lake Toxaway, North Caro-
lina.
Fig. 7. — Atlanticus americanus (Saussure). Dias Creek, New Jersey.
Fig. 8. — Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder. Atlantic Beach, Florida.
Fig. 9. — Atlanticus dorsalis (Burmeister). Thomasville, Georgia.
Fig. 10. — Atlanticus (jlaber Rehn and Hebard. Allotype. Miami, Florida.
OutMne of subgenital plate of female. (X 2)
Fig. 11. — Atlaniicus iestaceus (Scudder). Guthrieville, Pennsylvania.
Fig. 12, — Atlanticus pachymerus (Burmeister). Goldsboro, North Carolina.
Fig. 13. — Atlanticus davisi new species. Allotype. Orange, Virginia.
Fig. 14. — Atlanticus monticola Davis. Type. Lake Toxaway, North Caro-
lina.
Fig. 15. — Atlanticus americanus (Saussure). Dias Creek, New Jersey.
Fig. 16. — Atlanticus gibbosus Scudder. Atlantic Beach, Florida.
Fig. 17. — Atlanticus dorsalis (Burmeister). Thomasville, Georgia.
Fig. 18. — Atlanticus glaber Rehn and Hebard. Allotype. Miami, Florida.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 101
STUDIES IN THE AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE
(DIPTERA)
BY E. T. CRESSON, JR.
This general title is selected to cover a series of systematic
papers treating of all the North and South American genera and
species of the dipterous family Ephydridae known to the author.
Each paper of the series will be complete in itself in the form of a
revision of one or more genera. At the end of the series a gen-
eral summary will be given, comprising notes on the systematical
relationships and arrangement, and a table of the known genera
occurring in the Americas.
The material upon which this series of papers is based has
been accumulating for more than six years and is no doubt the
most extensive collection in this family ever gotten together for
study. This is due largely to the generosity of those individuals
and institutions who have patiently allowed the author to retain
their material for so long a period. For this privilege the author
feels deeply appreciative, and trusts this mention will suffice in
lieu of individual acknowledgment. Following is a list of in-
dividuals and institutions who kindly placed their collections
at the author's disposal. The abbreviation in brackets [ ] fol-
lowing each, is that used in the list of specimens examined given
under each species to indicate the source of such material. The
source as given does not in every case indicate ownership, but
rather refers to the individual or institution through whom the
material was. secured for study.
Prof. J. M. Aldrich, [Aldrich]; Nathan Banks, [Banks]; Erich
Daecke, [Daccke]; H. S. Harbeck, [Harbeck]; C. W. Johnson,
[Johnson]; W. L. McAtee, [McAtee]; M. C. Van Duzee, [\'anD];
The American Entomological Society, [A. E. S.]; T)ic American
Museum of Natural History, [A. M. N. H.]; The Academy of
Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, [A. N. S. P.]; The Boston So-
ciety of Natural History, [B. S. N. H.]; University of California,
[Cal.]; Cornell University, [C. U.]; The Hungarian National ]\Iu-
seum, [H. N. ^I.]; Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
102 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
[111.]; University of Kansas, [Kans.]; University of Nebraska,
[Neb.]; Ohio State University, [Ohio]; United States National
Museum, [U. S. N. M.] ; Washington State College, [Wash.].
It may be well to explain that in the list of specimens examined
under each species, the sequence of citation and punctuation is as
follows: Locality, date of collecting, (collector), number of speci-
mens, [source]. Although some of the data may be wanting
there should be no confusion in understanding the citation.
The list of the specimens examined always include the typical
series in case of new species or forms.
I. REVISION OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS
PARALIMNA
It is with much hesitancy that I undertake to publish a synop-
sis of the species of this difficult genus at this time, but owing to
the recent acquisition for a limited time of an extensive collec-
tion, I feel that it will not profit much to withhold the results of
my study. The genus is very discouraging to the student on
account of its homogeneousness. I have been compelled time
and again to lay it aside after repeated attempts to separate the
mass of material into satisfactory species. This is especially
true respecting the appendiculata-gvoup. It will take a great
deal of study with much more material from all possible locali-
ties to obtain more satisfactory results. However, I feel that this
somewhat preliminary study will throw some light on the class-
ification of the species of this genus.
PARALIMNA Loew
1862. Paralimna Loew, Mon. N.A. Dipt., i. 138.
1862. Paralimna Loew, Ofver. Kong. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 13,.
1896. Paralimna Becker, Berl. Ent. Zeit., xli, 114.
This genus belongs to the Notiphilinae of the group Notiph-
ilae, a group including the genera Dichaeta and Notiphila.
The position of the genus is rather isolated. It is not inter-
related to any of the others so far as our present knowledge goes.
Its closest ally is Dichaeta, apparently through the abbarent
Paralimna dedpiens and its allies. On the otlicr hand may be
observed the similarity to Discocerma in the frontal characters
and the arrangement of the setulae and macrocheatae of the
mesonotum. However, the erect extensor bristles on the middle
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 103
femora (fig. 3) and the iiimsually long mesoplcural bristles at once
decide its membership in the Notiphilae. Further notes on the
position of this genus will be discussed in the systematical sum-
mary which I intend to give at the end of this series of papers.
The primary characters of the genus are the presence of three
extensor bristles on the middle tibiae (fig. 3) and the continuation
of the costa to the fourth vein (fig. 1).
Generic Description. — ^Robust, mostly large species. Head generally broader
than high, higher than long. Eyes bare generally rounded. Frons broad,
with parallel orbits: vertex rounded; ocelli situated slightly in advance of the
vertical angle, with a pair of post-ocellar bristles diverging; the usual ocellars
well separated, parallel, situated in advance of, or opposite the anterior ocellus;
inner- and outer verticals strong, also distinct occipito-centrals present; a
strong reclinate frontal and two or three procHnate orbitals of which the an-
terior one is the strongest. Anterior portion of frons more or less setulose or
hairy. Face broad, bare medianly; foveae shallow; facaUa scarcely differ-
entiated, setulose, with a series of one or more incurved bristles along inner
margin, the uppermost of which is the largest; parafacial groove sharp and well
defined to oral margin. Cheeks generally broad with distinct bristles; lower
occiput moderately swollen. Clypeus always visible, moderately broad.
Palpi cylindrical. Antennae short; second joint subglobular, without distinct
apical "thorn"; third joint hardly twice as long as broad; arista long with long
hairs above.
Thorax quadrate, dorsum convex, wholly setulose; no acrostichals; one
pair of prescuteUars; one anterior and two posterior dorsocentrals; one humeral
(long); one presutural; one supra- and one post-alar; two noto- and two or
more meso-pleurals, one of the latter being very long; one sterno-pleural.
Scutellum flat, roundly truncate apically with four long marginal bristles.
Abdomen broad as thorax, with five to six segments; fifth of male convex,
truncate; genital segments inconspicuous. Legs slender; fore femora of male
sometimes characteristically cihate beneath; middle tibiae of both sexes with
three erect extensor bristles, one at each extremity and one before middle.
Wings elongate, slightly overreaching abdomen; costa broken just beyond
humeral c. v., slightly notched at first, and extends to tip of wing at fourth
vein; second, third and fourth veins generally straight. Allulae narrow.
Genotype. — The name for this genus was used for the first time
in 1862, in two separate publications, given in the above bibliog-
raph}' under the genus, without direct reference to each other,
so that one, unless knowing dates of issue of the two, is at a loss
to determine which reference has priority. It will depend upon
the actual dates of issue of these publications as to which of
three species can be used as the genotype. Osten Sacken in a
foot note in his Catalogue of the North American Diptera, 1878,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
104 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
page 201, considers the Ofversigt as having prioritj^ but as the
name Paralimna is given only in combination with the newly
described species, without any diagnosis, he does not consider
such citation as establishing the generic name. In his Mono-
graph Loew does state "The characters of this genus , of which I
hitherto only know South African and North American Spe-
cies . . . .", and one might infer from this that Loew had
published on this genus, but on the other hand he may have had
such a paper only in preparation or only such specimens before
him at that time. I cannot find the actual date of issue of that
part of the Ofversigt, but should it have ])een published prior
to that of the first volume of the Monographs (April 1862),
then I herewith designate Paralimna confusa Loew as the type
species of this genus. Until such priority be proven, the present
geno-type, Paralimna appendiculata Loew, must stand. Only one
species was given under the generic description in the Mono-
graphs.
There are a few species described, mostly from the neotropics, which I have
been unable to locate in my material, mainly on account of inadequate original
descriptions. Rather than risk misidentification I prefer not to consider the
names of such species. The correct status of these will be easily found when
the types are examined and redescribed more accurately. Following is a
list of these unrecognizable species with their original references:
1868. Paralivma secunda Schiner, Reise Novara, Zool., ii. Dipt., 241, [S. Am.]
1868. Paralimna molossus Schiner, Reise Novara, Zool., iii, Dipt., 242, [S. Am.]
1896. Paralimna multipunctata Will., Tr. Ent. Soc. London, 1896, 390, [St.
Vincent.]
1902. Paralimna nuda Coq., Jour. N. Y. Ent. Soc, x, 182, [Mexico.] (This
I have referred to the genus Oedenops Becker.)
The species possessing the generic characters as above given
fall into two groups which are treated here as subgenera. These
may ultimately prove to be valid genera, but from the present
knowledge of the species I cannot consider them as such.
The two subgenera may be conveniently separated as follows:
The entire thorax and venter unicolourous; face less prominent . . Phaiosterna
Pleura and venter more or less cinereous, contrasting with the dorsum; face
large, swollen and prominent Paralimna
Phaiosterna new subgenus
The species comprising this subgenus are so different from all
the others in their color pattern and hardly less so in a few
structural characters, that one naturally places them aside when
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 105
studying the genus. From the other species they differ most
noticeably in the uniformity of the color over the entire insect, the
usual grays of the face, pleura and abdomen being entirely absent.
The abdomen is, however, generally banded with olivaceous but
is never whitish. Structually the head is more flattened in
profile; the face less prominent; eyes vertical, thus reducing the
otherwise broad cheeks. In many respects the species here
suggest a tendency towards Dichaeta.
Description. — Eyes vertical; face flattened, slightly convex; parafacalia
linear; cheeks moderately broad; third antennal joint broad apically. Pleura
and venter never cinereous.
Type species. — Paralimna decipiens Loew.
Table of Species
Opaque species decipiens p. 108.
Shining species obscura p. 109.
Subgenus Paralimna
The species comprising this subgenus are cjuite homogeneous
in their color pattern and form a group that is not to be confused
with the preceding. The group may be characterized as follows:
Description. — -Eyes rounded; face large, broad, swollen, prominent, with
more or less distinctly convex hump near middle, lower portion broad and
vertical in profile; parafacials moderately broad; cheeks very broad. Third
antennal joint tapering apically. Pleura and venter more or less cinereous.
Type species. — Paralimna appendiculata Loew (Subject to the
condition mentioned in the discussion of the type of the genus
Paralimna) .
Description of Color Pattern. — The color pattern of the species of this group
is so constant that the repetition of the same in each description of the species
is superfluous. A general review of such characters is given here and will not
be referred to again unless there are important differences.
Frons dark brown, more or less variegated with lighter labyrinthal markings
which may vary in intensity of pattern or color or may be almost wanting;
orbits more or less narrowly silvery with one or more interruptions; opposite
the antennae or slightly below on the parafacials are usually present two
opaque black spots separated by a silvery spot, best seen from the side. Cly-
peus concolorous with the face. Mesonotum light pruinosc with numerous
minute darker brown irrorations which sometimes coalesce into larger blotches;
between the dorsocentral series may be two to three well defined dark stripes.
Scutellum concolorous and irrorated, with apex more shining and black.
Pleura and metanotum densely cinereous, becoming darker below, contrasting
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLU.
106 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
with the mesonotum. Abdomen may said to be opaque cinereous with bases
of each segment more or less broadly subglabrous brown with a median pro-
jection to apical margin; thus forming the ever present median stripe which,
however, may be indistinct in some species. Sometimes the gray or brown is
reduced to narrow bands, and the former more or less irrorated with brown.
Legs normally black with bases of tarsi tawny. The males may be distin-
guished by having the apex of the abdomen truncate and convex.
Notes on the Classification of the Species.- — Systematically the
species are very unsatisfactory, the characters of most value
being found in the male. By these the species may be divided
into two groups, based on the ciliation of the fore femora, but
this character shows some intergradation. However, one will
have little difficulty in placing this sex of the species within
these groups.
Of the species of this subgenus jplumbiceps is most closely re-
lated to those of Phaiosterna, but is quite separate. This species
with fiexinervis, ciliata and texana form a distinct group, charac-
terized by the peculiar ciliation of the fore femora of the male.
In texana we have what seems to be an intermediate form sug-
gesting appendiculata in other respects. In the latter we have
one of the four species constituting what may be termed the
typical group; the femora here not being ciliate, and the frons
convex with the antennae situated well down about on a line
with the middle of the eyes. Another group has the femora
normal and frons convex, but with a silvery flattened spot on the
second antennal joint above. This includes the two species
argyrostoma and puncticornis. A third group has the frons
flattened and horizontal, with the antennae situated above the
middle line of the eyes. This group includes two species,
pleurivittata and taurus. The latter is somewhat of an anomaly in
its large heavy face with the upper parts very prominent.
The species may be systematically arranged as follows:
Fore femora of male ciliate beneath (fig. 7).
Frons narrow plumbiceps
Frons broad.
Parafacials narrow flexineuris, ciliata
Parafacials broad texana
Fore femora of male not ciliate.
Frons convex, antennae opposite middle of eyes.
Second antennal joint without flattened area above.
Parafacials broad appendiculata, nigropicta
Parafacials narrow meridionalis, brunneiceps
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 107
Second antennal joint with flattened area above.
argyrostoma, puncticornis
Frons flattened, horizontal, antennae above middle line of eyes.
Eyes horizontal pleurivittata
Eyes round taurus
Table of Species
1. Second antennal joint with a flattened, mostly silvery, area above at
apex 2
Second joint normal 4
2. Mesopleura traversed by a broad brown stripe; frons and eyes
horizontal plurivittata p. 122.
Mesopleura cinereous or more or less irrorated and marked with
bro^Ti at sutures ; eyes round 3
3.- Frons horizontal; face dark puncticornis p. 121.
Frons convex; face white argyrostoma p. 120.
3. Frons in profile flattened, horizontal; face long with well marked hump
above middle (fig. 6) taurus p. 123.
Frons convex; face short, without marked hump 5
5. Males 6
Females 11
6. Fore femora more or less constricted beneath on apical third and with
mesal series of curved flattened bristles (fig. 7) 7
Fore femora and ciliation normal 9
7. Head at least as high as broad; frons and face narrow; latter opaque,
plumbaceous plumbiceps p. 110.
Head broader than high; frons and face broad; latter more or less seri-
ceous 8
8. Lateral flexor series on fore femora simple, limited to a few bristles at
basal fourth; parafacials narrow ciliata p. 111.
Lateral series compUcated, limited to basal half.
Second vein of wing curving, subparallel to costa (fig. 8).
flexineuris p. 111.
Second vein straight, normal texana p 113.
9. Face except foveae and parafacials entirely dark browni.
brunneiceps p. 120
Face mostly cinereous or yellowish brown 10
10. Parafacials at least one half as broad as third antennal joint.
appendiculata p. 114.
Parafacials much less than one half as broad as third joiia.
meridionalis p. 119.
11. Frons broader than long 12
Frons not broader than long; face dull lead color, .plumbiceps p. 110.
12. Face with a velvety black spot between antennae. . .nigropicta p. 118.
This spot if present brownish 13
13. Face except foveae and parafacials entirely dark brown, not mottled
with yellow brunneiceps p. 120.
Face mostly cinereous or mottled with j^ellow or brown 14
TRANS. .VM. ENT., SOC. XLII.
108 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
14. Parafacials broader than one half of third antennal jomt 15
Parafacials narrower, parallehng orbits 16
15. Lateral flexor series on fore femora of numerous bristles in series com-
plete to apex appendiculata p. 114.
Lateral series of fewer bristles, series generally interrupted before
apex texana p. 113.
16. Face dull, dark, sometimes nearly black meridionalis p. 119.
Face sericeous, light in color ciliata p. 111.
Paralimna (Phaiosterna) decipiens Loew PL IX, fig. 5.
1878. Paralimna decipiens Loew, Zeit. f. Ges. Naturf., 1878, 195.
?1893. Drosophila excita Giglio-Tos. Bol. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. R. Univ.
Torino, VIII, 158.
It is possible that this species is not specifically distinct from
the next. As treated here the species is typically opaque, with
at most the abdomen somewhat shining, with bands generally
well developed. The thorax may be more or less shining due to
abrasion.
Description. — Black with yellow halteres. Opaque, head and thorax dark
brown, yellow brown or olivaceous pruinose. Abdomen sub-opaque, oliva-
ceous, with or without brown basal segmental bands, or, brown with or without
traces of olivaceous apices to segments. Mesoiiotum generally with two or
three dark vittae between dorso-centrals, being most distinct anterioi'ly.
Head broader than high. Eyes higher than broad. Frons broader than
long; orbits nearly paraUel; chaetotaxy normal. Face three-fourths width of
vertex,' slightly longer than broad, in profile, vertical with shght hump above
middle; parafacials very narrow, concentric with orbits to cheeks; facaha
sparsely setulose with one or more bristles. Cheeks about as broad as third
antennal joint. Antennae with arista of 10 to 12 hairs.
Thorax and abdomen normal. Fore femora of male sparsely and weakly
bristly below. Length. — 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
Type. — Described from Texas. The type in the Museum of
Comparative Zoology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. I have not
examined it.
The variation in the pruinose color is considerable, ranging
anywhere from dark brown to golden brown on the head and
thorax, but the abdominal olivaceous bands are fairly constant
in color although varying in extent. The thoracic vittation is
also subject to variation in extent or may l)e absent. In poor
and abraded specimens the pruinose vesture may be nearly
absent so that the surface is shining. Of such specimens the
student should l)e careful and not refer them to obscura Will.,
a form that may possibly be found with this. In the goUlen
colored specimens the abdomen is generally olivaceous with the
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 109
brown reduced or wanting. Rarely are the olivaceous bands
wanting. The specimens from Biscayne Bay and Lake Worth,
Florida, may not belong here, and may be a distinct variety.
They are shining but marked as this form.
Drosophila excita Gig.-Tos is probably one of the color
varieties of this species. Mr. F. Knab of the U. S. National
Museum called my attention to the probability of it being an
Ephydrid.
Specimens Examined. — 99.
Georgia: Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, June 1912, 1, [C. U.]; Spring
Creek, Decatur Co., July 16-29, 1912, 1, [C. U.].
Florida: 1, [A. M. N. H.]; 2, [Wash.]; Biscayne Bay, (A. T. Slosson), 2
[U. 8. N. M.]; Bradentownn, March, (M. C. Van Duzee), 4, [Van D.]; Crescent
City, April 19, 190S, (Van Duzee), 1, [A. M. N. H.]; Lake Worth (Slosson),
1, [U. S. N. i\I.].
Texas: Austin, Oct. 6-20, 1901, 4, [Wash.]; 1, [Ivans.]; Oct. 7, 1899, 2,
[A. M. N. H.].
Arizona: Hot Springs, June 24, (H. S. Barber), 6, [U. S. N. M.]; Bill Wil-
liams Fork, August, (F. H. Snow), 14, [Ivans.].
Mexico: Frontera, Tabasco, IVIay 9, (C. H. T. Townsend; on moist sand
at river edge), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Guadalajara, Aug. 8, 190.5, (McClendon), 1,
[A. N. S. P.].
Gu.^temala: Gualan, Feb. 1,5, 1905, 22, (J. S. Hine), [Ohio]; Los Amatcs,
June 16-20, 1905, 1, (J. S. Hine), [Ohio].
Costa Rica: Filadelfia, Jan. 18, 1910, (P. P. Calvert; muddy bank of Rio
Tempisque), 1, [A. E. S.]; Santa Cruz, Rio de la Canas, Jan. 30, 1910, (P. P.
Calvert), 5, [A. E. S.]; Cartago, May 25, 1909, (P. P. Calvert; along ditch), 9,
[A. E. S.]; Cartago, July 4, 1909, (P. P. Calvert, 1, [A. E. S.].
Panama: Canal Zone, (A. H. Jennings), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Ancon, Canal
Zone, Dec. 4, 1909, (S. T. Darhng), 9, [U. S. N. M.].
Bermuda Islands: July 29, 1905, (T. Kincaid), 1, [A. X. S. P.].
Jamaica: April 1891, (Johnson), 4, [A. N. S. P.].
Porto Rico: Mayaguez, Jan. 1899, (A. Busck), 2, [U. S. N. M.]; Utuado,
Jan. 1899, (A. Busck), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Paralimna (Phaiosterna) obscura Williston
1S96. PuruliniNd obscura WiUiston, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1890, .391.
Whether or no this is a distinct species I am not prepared to
say, for my scries is hardly extensive enough to show the possible
range of variation. However, there seems to be very well marked
difference in the amount of opacity. In this form we have no ab-
solutely opacjue surfaces unless they arc on the face and pleiu-a.
There may be considerable amount of pollen but not of suflicient
density to subdue the gloss. Structurally the form does not (hffer
trans, am. ent. soc, xlii.
110 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
from decipiens. The specimens examined are all quite shining,
dark brown or black, with faint olivaceous abdominal bands.
The study of more material may show intergradations sufficient
to relegate this form to varietal rank.
Type. — Described from numerous specimens from St. Vincent,
West Indies. The type should be in the British Museum of
Natural History. I am unable to examine the cotypes. These
are supposed to be distributed as follows: three in the University
of Kansas Collection and five in the American Museum of
Natural History.
Specimens Examined. — 14.
Florida: Titusville, Nov. 8, 1911, 1, [A. M. N. H.].
Costarica: Filadelfia, Jan. 18, 1910, (P. P. Calvert; muddy bank of Rio
Tempisque), 1, [A. E. S.]; Santa Cruz, Rio de la Canas, Jan. 30, 1910, (P. P.
•Calvert; sweeping over mud), 2, [A. E. S.].
Cuba: Havana, (Baker), 3, [A. M. N. H.]; 1, [Johnson]; San Banos, 2,
;[U. S. N. M.].
Porto Rico: Bayamon, Jan. 1899, (A. Busck), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Fajardo,
Feb. 1899, (A. Busck), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, (H. H. Smith), 1, [A. N. S. P.].
Paraguay: (Fiebrig), 1, [H. N. M.].
Paralittma plumbiceps new species
This species belonging to the group in which the male fore
femora are characteristically ciliated beneath, is, however, quite
distinct in its narrow frons and face, and is easily distinguished
by the dull lead color of the latter.
Description of Male. — Black; halteres yellow; base of tarsi tawny. Opaque;
frons yellowish brown with design obscured, anterior half blackish; face,
cheeks, clypeus, antennae, plem-a, venter and legs, dull, bluish lead color;
yellowish facial spots obscured. Mesonotum yellowish, with irrorations,
large spots and three median vittae, brown. Scutellum concolorous. ]\leso-
pleura with large brown spot above. Abdomen with narrow gray fasciae
which are somewhat oblique medianly; median stripe broad and well defined.
Wings hyaline with yellow veins.
Head as high as broad. Eyes obhque. Frons long as broad. Face longer
than broad with median hump rather distinct; Parafacials linear; upper
bristles differentiated. Cheeks one-third as broad as eye. Arista with S to 10
hairs. Fore femora of male obliquely constricted beneath on apical fourth,
with mesal ciliation of flattened, cm-ved bri.stles; lateral ciliation of normal
bristles in complete series extending to apex. Fore tibiae bent, with flexor
sm-face flattened and bearing short ciliation. Wings normal. Length. — 3.5.
mm.
Female. — Similar with lateral flexor series on fore femora complete, but of
few well separated weak bristles.
E. T. CRESSOX, JR. Ill
Type.—d"; Jamaica (Johnson), [A. X. S. P. Type Xo. 6090].
Paratypes. — 40^, 4 9 ; topotypical.
Specimens Examined. — 10.
Jamaica: (Johnson), 9, [.Johnson].
Cuba: Baracoa, Nov. 1901, (A. Busck), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Paralinma flexineuris new species PI- IX, fig. 8.
In this species the resemblance to texana is evident. The
difference, however, may be found in the more marked curvature
of the second vein and the tuft-hke arrangement of the lateral
ciliation of the male fore femora. Unfortunately the abdomen
of the only male specimen is missing. The markings on this
may give additional characters of note. The females as usual
are difficult to separate from those of other species. The correct
status of this species is somewhat difficult to ascertain from such
a small amount of material and from a locality which is poorly
represented.
DescripHon of Male. — Frons mottled with black and gray, o\'orcast with
bronze or light brown. Mesonotum cinereous and brown also similarly over-
cast; irrorations fine; vittae absent; mesopleura faintly irrorated. Face,
clypeus, cheeks, third antennal joint, pleura and femora densely cinereous.
Face immaculate, more or less sericeous, nearly white. Wings j-ellowish
with cross veins slightly clouded.
In build similar to texana. Parafacials narrow but not as much so as in
ciliaia. (Abdomen missing.) Fore femora depressed beneath on apical
tliird, with mesal ciliation of curved bristles; lateral series complicated, bushy,
confined to basal half. Second vein markedly curved at middle causing the
apical third to run subparallel to the costa (fig. 8). Length. — 4.0 mm.
Female. — Similar, darker, cinereous only on the ventral portions. General
color tinged with olive. Face mottled with yellowish brown. Cross veins
of -n-ings not clouded. Lateral flexor ciliation of fore femora consisting of a
few bristles on apical half.
Type.— d'; Chosica, Peru, (C. H. T. Townsend; TD4197),
[U. S. X. :\I. Type Xo. 19684]. Paratypes ~2 9 ; topotypical.
Paralimna ciliata new species Pk IX, fig 7.
The present species is readily distinguished from plumhiceps.
It is a member of the group including the two foUoAving species,
from which it is separated by the characters given in the table
of species, although the females will be found difficult to treat.
However, there seem to be very good characters in the ciliation
of the fore femora even in this sex of these species. Whether
trans, am. ent. soc, xlii.
112 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
this character is of value will have to be left for the future tO'
determine. On the other hand there is the color pattern and
general facies to guide the student who is familiar with this group.
The present species may be separated from texana by the more
yellowish abdomen with broader bands, and a distinct stripe; the
narrower parafacials and the lateral cilia of the male fore femora
confined to a single series on the basal third. From flexineuris
it may be separated by the course of the second vein besides the
other characters given in the description of that species. The
females are similar to those of yneridionalis but the face is more
sericeous and the abdominal bands more oblique^ besides aver-
aging smaller in size. On the whole this species is distinctly
lighter in general coloration owing to the less tendency of the
irrorations to coalesce — the specimens from Guatemala being
very noticeable in this respect.
Description of Male. — Black; halteres yellow; basal joints of tarsi tawaiy.
Frons dark, nearly black, mottled with brown or ochreous; face cinereous to
yellowish or sometimes grayish white, sericeous, with yellow spots; in certain
aspects seemingly transversely banded with darker shade. Cheeks and clyp-
eus concolorous. Mesonotum brownish gray, irrorations but slightly coales-
cing; vittae rather distinct. ScuteUum concolorous. Mesopleura indistinctly
irrorated, more or less brownish tinged above. Abdominal brown bands
rather arcuate, obliquely terminated and dilated medianly; medial stripe well
defined. Legs sparsely cinereous. Wings yellowish with cross veins slightly
clouded.
Eyes rather oblique. Frons convex, broader than long. Face slightly
longer than broad with few weak bristles; parafacial very narrow. Cheeks
three-fourths of height of eyes. Arista with 7 to 10 hairs. Fore femora
flattened and obliquely sulcate on apical third beneath; mesal cilia of distinct,
flattened, curved bristles (fig. 7) ; lateral series normal, simple but confined to
basal fourth; their tibiae not ciliate. Length. — 3.5. mm.
Female. — Similar with lateral flexor cilia wanting or of a few weak bristles
confined to basal part.
Type.—d' ; Cartago, Costa Rica, Dec. 12, 1909, (P. P. Calvert;
sweeping over mud), [A. E. S. Type No. 6091]. Paratypes —
1 cf , 1 9 ; topotypical.
Specimens Examined. — 32 .
Florida: Bradentown, March 29, (M. C. Van Duzee), 2, [Van D.]; Fort
Worth, (Mrs. Slosson), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Guatemala: Gualan, Feb. 15, 1905, 9, (J. S. Iline), [Ohio]; Santa Lucia,
Feb. 2, 1905, 1, (J. S. Hine), [Ohio.].
Costa Rica: Banana River, 100 ft. alt., Nov. 9, 1909, (P. P. Calvert;
sweeping near upper reservoir), 1, [A. E. S.]; Cartago, Oct. 27, 1909, (P. P.
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 113
Calvert; sweeping over mud), 1, [A. E. S.]; Nov. 21,*1909, 2; Dec. 12, 1909, .3;
Jan. 3, 1901, 1; Southern slope of Irazu, north of Cartago, Dec. 15, 1909,
(P. P. Calvert; sweeping over mud), 4, [A. E. S.].
Jamaica: April 1891, (Fox & Johnson), 2, [A. N. S. P.].
St. Thomas, West Indies: Feb. 8, (A. Busck), 5, [U. S. N. M.].
Paraliinna texana Creason
191.5. Paralimna texana Cresson, Ent. News, xxv, 69.
This species while belonging to the a/iaia-group is. however,
very similar to appendicidata Lw. in general build and appearance;
so much so that the females are very difficult to separate satis-
factorily. The only character I can find to separate this sex from
those of that species is in the stouter and lesser number of l^ristles
in the lateral flexor series on the fore femora of this species.
Whether or no this is constant my series is not large enough to
determine. On the whole this species seems to average lighter;
the forms not so liable to darken anteriorly; the abdomen whitish
with the dark bands reduced, especially in the males, and the
median brown stripe poorly defined or rudimentary, especially
apically. Further than this my series is too small and man^^
specimens in too poor condition to warrant more exhaustive study.
The following description should suffice to characterize the
species.
Its affinity to the Neotropical cilkita is evident. The char-
acter separating these may be found in the greater width of the
parafacials in this species and the males having the lateral flexor
ciliation rather clustered and not arranged in a distant series.
Description of Male. — Black; haltercs pale yellow; tarsi except apically,
ta\\"ny. Opaque, densely cinereous, more or less yellowish tinged. Frons
ochreous, slightly darker on vertex and lighter in spots on orbits; design faint
or obsolete; irrorations minute. Face and cheeks whitish sericeous, faintly
yellow on hump and mcsad of the upper bristles. Mesonotal irrorations well
defined; vittae weak and only two medianly. Mesoplem-a faintly irroratcd
above. Abdomen whitish with the brown bands narrow, often wanting on
fifth segment, attenuating mesally and laterally; median stripe narrow, poorly
defined or incomplete; ventral lobes inunaculate. Femora cinereous. Wings
rather milky.
Frons much broader than long. Face as broad as long; in profile, convex
with weak hump at middle; parafacial nearly as broad as third antennal
joint. Cheeks nearly as broad as eye-height. Pile of antennae moderate;
arista with 9-11 hairs. Fore femora flattened beneath with shallow, obliciue
sulci on apical third; mesal ciliation comprising of flattened, curved bristles;
tuans. am. ent. soc, xlii.
114 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
lateral ciliation normal confined to basal third and rather clustered, not seri-
ally arranged. Second vein of wings straight; second costal section three
times length of third; no appendages present. Length. — 3.0 to 4.0 mm.
Female. — Similar, but lateral series on fore femora of six to ten bristles well
separated and rather stout, sometimes the series is interrupted at apical third.
Tijpe.—d" ; Austin, Texas, Oct. 1900, [University of Wash-
ington]. Paratypes. — In the original citation of the typical
series for this species a male of appendiculata was unintentionally
included. Of the five females, four of these are in very poor,
stained condition and practically of no value. However, I have
a series before me of six males and three females, including the
holotype and allotype, in good condition which may be considered
typical.
Specimens Examined. — 39.
Kansas: Clarendon Siding, July 29, 1891, 1, lU. S. N. M.].
Oklahoma: Ardmore, April 4, 1907, (F. C. Bishopp), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Texas: Oct. 7, 1899, 3, [Wash.]; Austin, 5; Feb. 12, 1900, 1; Mar. 2, 1900,
2; Oct. 1900, 5; Oct. 6-20, 1901, 6, all [Wash.]; Brownsville, July, 1, [Kans.];
Chinlan, Sept. 7, 1905, (F. C. Bishopp), 1; Clarendon, Aug. 11, 1905, (W. D.
Pierce), 6; Corpus Christi, Apr. 13, 1906, (F. C. Pratt), 1; Dallas, June, 22,
1908, (E. S. Tucker), 1, all [U. S. N. M.]; Galveston, June 1900, 1; Granite
Mountain, Mar. 30, 1901, 1, all [Wash.]; Rondo, May 1, 1908, (J. D. Mitchell),
1, [U. S. N. M.]; Round Mountain, 1, [A. N. S. P.]; Waco, (Belfrage), 1, [U. S.
N. M.].
The male from Brownsville, Texas is a fine specimen, well
marked, with the face glistening bluish-white.
Paralimna appendiculata Loew PI. IX, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.
1S62. Paralimna, appendiculata Loew, Mon. Dipt. N. Am., i, 138.
In this we have the commonest species of the genus inhaliiting
the Nearctic region, and it is found all over the United States
east of the Rocky Mountains. Although a few other species
have been generahy confused with it, fortunately it is involved
in little or no synonymy. It has, however, some variations which
are confusing and are lia])le to be considered distinct forms by
those not having an extensive series for study.
This species, as I consider it, has the face and parafacials bi'oad,
of a silky lustre when in good condition. In rare cases the face
is narrow and dull lead color. Generally the face is yellowish
gray with stains of yellow or brown, sometimes largely brown or
on the other hand silvery gray to almost white. The parafacials
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 115
are broad, usually as broad as the third antennal joint, but often
narrower; however, never linear and concentric with the orbits.
The frons are generally dark with lighter areas about the bristles
and the ocellar ti'iangle, conspicuous, sometimes in very dark
colored specimens these markings are, or nearly, obsolete; in
which cases the face is usually more leaden in color.
The males have the ciliation of the fore femora normal. Of
course those species having the flattened area on the antennae
must not be confused with this. The following description is
full, this species being the genotype.
Description. — Black; base of tarsi more or less ta^A^ly to yellow, sometimes
black; halteres white or yellowish; wings hyaline with cross veins and
apjiendages generalh' clouded; veins dark.
Oparjue. Frons dark browii, more or less intricately varied with hghter
markings, or sometimes nearly black; the lighter markings, gray or yellowish,
are most distinct as orbital spots and subcircular areas sm-rounding the ocellar
tubercle and the shining black spots at the base of the bristles. -Face varying
from almost silvery to dark brown, generally with tliree yellow to brown
spots, one on the carina and the other two mesad of the upper bristles'; para-
facial spots distinct. Cheeks, clj-peus, lower orbits and post orbits gray.
Third joint of antennae in certain angles somewhat gray or yellowish.
Mesonotum gray to ochreous with numerous dark brown irrorations which
sometimes coalesce forming large areas of such color; between the dorsocentral
rows there are generally, especially anteriorly two or three dark stripes.
Pleura and metanotum gray; mesoplem-a and scutellum irrorated with dark
brown, rarely immaculate. Sternopleura and pectus darker to nearly black.
Abdomen gray to yellowish, more or less irrorated; bases of thii'd to fifth seg-"
ments dark brown, more shining, which color attenuates laterally and medianly
with more or less distinct medial extenuation attaining the apical margins; form-
ing a pair of brown median stripes; second segment with the stripes seldom
complete and the brown basal areas usually isolated or limited to the lateral
angles. Legs sparingly dark brown pruinose. All bristles black with more
or less distinct shining black spot at their- bases.
Head as broad as high or broader. Eyes round or slightly obli(iuc. Frons
nearly one and a half times as broad as long, about half as broad as head,
sparingly setulose anteriorly; orbits parallel. Face as broad or broader than
long, rarely narrower; facalia broad, setulose, with two or more medianly
curved bristles, the uppermost being strongest and at middle of profile. Cheeks
one- to two-thirds diameter of ej'es. Third antennal joint longer than broad,
subcorneal, long pilose above (fig. 4). Abdominal segments subequal; sixth
of male just visible, roundly truncated. Fore femora of male densely ciliate
on lateral flexor margin with normal bristles in series complete to apex; mesal
series weak. Wings with second costal section two and a half to three and a
half times as long as third; fourth vein generally emitting one or more stumps
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
116 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
or appendages into the first posterior (fig. 1), and sometimes into the discal cell;
sometimes tliese extend to the third vein as a cross vein or are reduced to iso-
lated spots in the cells, but always enveloped in a cloud. Rarely are these
appendages entirely absent, but all possible intergradations exist. Length. —
2.0 to 4.5. mm.
Type.- — ^Described from both sexes from the Middle States and
Georgia. Type in Coll. Museum of Comparative Zoology. I
have not seen it.
A very variable species, which, in a genus possessing so few
well marked characters, is difficult to characterize. Its simi-
larity to 7neridionalis is evident and in some cases it is almost
impossible to separate them. The presence or absence of the
stump on the fourth vein is soon found to be of no specific value,
at least I have been unable to find it constant. In a few speci-
mens I find it well developed in one wing and totally absent
in the other. However, it is noticed that the specimens from
Texas and New Mexico generally lack these appendages, those
from the Central and Southeastern states may or may not have
them, while in those from the more northern states they are
seldom absent. The face although varying little in shape does
vary in color, from a bluish-white to nearly brown. The frons
ranges from grayish with faint irrorations and marks to very dark.
The thorax especially the mesonotum may be nearly unicolorous
with faint irrorations or dark brown, with or without the median
stripes. The brown of the abdominal segments may occupy
almost the entire segment or limited to narrow spots on each
side of the gray medial stripe.
I have been tempted to separate some of the more marked
variations but could get no satisfactory results. There is one
which may prove to be worth recognizing. In this the sterno-
pleura and femora are decidedly gray and the wings somewhat
lactaceous. This series I have labeled appendiculata var.? but
have not recognized it otherwise.
There are also two specimens before me from Florida, Jack-
sonville, (C. W. Johnson) and Bradentown, March, (M. C. ^'an
Duzee) which are in too poor a condition for critical study. They
are noticeably larger (4.7 mm.) but seem to belong here or are
allied. I have also a series from North Carolina and Georgia
which average smaller than usual, are darker, with the face
narrower and the legs black, scarcely brown pruinose.
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 117
Specimens Examined. — 377.
New York: Ithaca, 1, [C. U.].
Pennsylva-nia: Dauphin, June, 2, [Daecke]; Lansdale, May 30, 1909, 1; (E.
T. Cresson), 1, [A. E. S.]; Manayunk, 1 (C. W. Johnson), 1, [A. N. S.]; Swarth-
more: June 4, 1905, 2; June 4, 1906, 1 ; July 1908, 2; Aug. 1908, 20; June 6,1909,
2; June 13, 1909, 1; July 4, 1909, 5; Aug. 22, 1909, 2; Sept. 26, 1909, 1; July
31, 1910, 1; Aug. 21, 1910, 1; Aug. 28, 1910, 1, all (E. T. Cresson, Jr.), [A. E.
S.].
New Jersey: Riverton, May- July, 3, [H. N. M.].
Maryland: 0, iU. S. N. M.]; Bay Ridge, Aug. 6, 1899, 1, [Ohio]; BeltsviUe,
Sept. 26, 1911, (F. Knab), 2, [U. S. N. M.]; Bladensburg, Oct. 2, 1914, (R. C.
Shannon), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Sept. 23, 1915 (R. C. Shannon), 1, lU. S. N. M.];
Sept. 16, 1915, (R. C. Shannon), 5, [U. S. N. M.]; College Park, May 25, 1913,
(F. Knab), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Hyattsville, Sept. 1, 1912, (Knab & Malloch), 3,
[U. S. N. M.].
District of Columbia: 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Anacosta, May 4, 1913, (P. R.
Myers), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Washington, (N. Banks), 1, [Banks].
Virginia: Boykins, June 10, 1896, 1, [H. N. M.]; Dead Run, Fairfax Co.,
June 29, 1915, (R. C. Shannon), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Difficult Run, Sept. 14, 1913,
(R. C. Shannon), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Falls Church, May 5, (N. Banks), 1, [Banks];
May 20-30, (N. Banks), 6, [Banks]; June 9, 14, 16, 20, (N. Banks), 4, [Banks];
Sept. 7, (N. Banks), 2, [Banks]; Aug. 3, 1914, (R. C. Shannon), 3, [U. S. N. M.];
Glenearlyn, May 9, (N. Banks), 3, [Banks]; near Plummer's Island, May 20,
1914, (R. C. Shannon,) 2, [U. S. N. M.]; Ocean View, Aug. 9, (A. N. CaudeU),
4, [U. S. N. M.]; Rosslyn, May 15, 1913, (R. C. Shannon), 3, [U. S. N. M.];
Virginia Beach, Aug. 14, 1913, (F. Knab), 9, [U. S. N. M.j.
North Carolina: 9, [U. S. N. M.]; Beaufort, June 18, 1908, (F. Sherman),
1, [C. IT.].
Georgia:' 7, [U. S. N. M.]; South Georgia, (Morrison), 2, [U. S. N. M.]; 2,
[C. U.]; Atlanta, Aug. 2, 1913, 1, [C. U.]; Austell, Aug. 27, 1910, 2, [C. U.];
BiUy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, June 1912, 6, [C. U.]; July 1912, 1, [C. U.];
Blackshear, May 10, 1911, 2, [C. U.]; Clayton, 2000 ft. alt.. May 18-26, 1911,
(J. C. Bardley), 2, [C. U.]; De Witt, July 24, 1912, 1, [C. U.]; Spring Creek,
Decatur Co., June 7-23, 1911, (J. C. Bradley), 1, [C. U.]; July 16-29, 1912, 16,
[C. U.]; Thomasville, Mar. 22, 1909, 1, [Johnson].
Florida: Eastern Fla., (Ashmead No. 3968), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Crescent
City, Apr. 20, 1908, (E. P. Van Duzee), 1, [A. M. N. H.]; Jacksonville, Mar.
31, 1913, 2, (M. C. Van Duzee), 2, [Van D.]; St. Petersburg, Aug. 12, 1910,
(J. C. Bradley), 1, [C. U.].
Mississippi: 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Holly Springs, Sept. 4, 1890, (F. W. Mally),
1, [U. S. N. M.]; Aug. 28, 1891, (F. W. Mally), 1, [U. S. N. :M.]; Jackson, Oct.
30, 1894, 5, [Johnson]; Utica, Aug. 7, [U. S. N. M.].
Louisiana: Logansport?, Mar. 24, 1908, (E. S. Tucker), 3, [U. S. N. M.];
Mound, May 24, 1907, (F. C. Bishopp), 2, [U. S. N. M.]; Opelousas, Apr. 9,
1, [Wash.]; May 7, 1908, (R. A. Cushman; on Polygonum), 1, [U. S. N. M.j;
Shreveport, May 7, 1891, (F. W. Mally), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; June 1, 1891, (F. W.
Mally), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Slidell, July 2-6, 1902, 3, [Ohio].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
2
118 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
Ohio: Akron, Aug. 16, 1; Cincinnati, June 9-16, 1901, 1; Columbus, May 9,
1899, 1; May 29, 2; Ironton, May 26, 2; Sandusky, July 1913, 2; Sugar Grove,
May 19, 1; Vinton, June 5-12, 1900, 2; Wauseon, Aug. 23-29, 1902, 28, all
[Ohio].
Illinois: Chicago, 1, [C. U.]; Grand Tower, June 30, 1909, (sweeping from
grass), 2, [111.]; Muncie, July 24, 1909, 1; Murphysboro, May 16, 1910, 3;
Odin, May 10, 1910, (sweeping), 2; May 31, 1910, (sweeping in meadow), 1;
June 1, 1909, (sweeping), 1; Pulaski, June 28, 1909, (Cypress swamp), 4, all
[111.]; Rockford, Sept. 8, 1898, 1, [Wash.]; Thebes, July 31, 1905, 1, [111.].
Missouri: Columbia, May 26-June 8, 1906, (C. R. Crosby), 38, [C. U.].
Nebraska: 1, [C. U.]; Fremont, July 17-18, 1909, 4, [C. U.]; Neligh, June
20, 1909, (J. T. Zimmer), 1, [Neb.].
Kansas: Sept. 1, [Kans.]; Baldwin, June, (J. C. Bridwell), 1, [Ohio]; Garden
City, June 1895, (C. F. Adams), 1, [Kans.]; Douglas Co., (F. H. Snow), 5,
[Kans.]; May, (U. of K. Lot 31), 1, [Wash.]; Morton Co., 3200 ft. alt., (C. F.
Adams), 1, [Kans.]; Onagra, 1, [U. S. N. M.]; May 19, 1901, 2, [Ohio].
Oklahoma: Ardmore, Apr. 11, 1907, (F. C. Bishopp) 4, [U. S. N. M.].
Texas: Austm, Mar. 2, 1900, 3, [Wash.]; Oct. 1900, 1, [Wash.]; Calvert,
Apr. 19, 1906, (W. W. Yothers), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; Clarendon?, Aug. 4, 1905,
(W. D. Pierce), 2, [U. S. N. M.]; Clarendon, Aug. 11, 1905, (W. D. Pierce),
1, [U. S. N. M.]; Denison, June 22, 1904, (H. S. Barber), 3, [U. S. N. M.],
Jacksonville, Oct. 20, 1894, 1, [Johnson]; Liberty, Mar. 18, 1908, (E. S. Tucker),
6, [U. S. N. M.]; Richmond, Mar. 14-19, 1907, (Cushman & Pierce; on Riihus),
2, [U. S. N. M.]; San Augustine, Oct. 13, 1895, 1, [Johnson]; Oct. 19, 1896, 1.
[Jolmson]; Victoria Apr. 5, 1907, (J. D. Mitchell), 1, [U. S. N. M.]; June 21,
1909, (J. D. MitcheU), 3, [U. S. N. M.]; Waco, (Belfrage), 2, [U. S. N. M.];
Colorado: 4, [U. S. N. M.]; Colorado Springs, 5915 ft. alt., July, (E. S.
Tucker), 3, [Kans.]; Aug. (E. S. Tucker), 2, [Kans.]; Ute Creek, Aug. 7, (R. W.
Dawson; on sage flats), 3, [Neb.].
New Mexico: Des Moines?, June 18, 1910, (F. C. Bishopp), 5, [U. S. N. M.];
HighroUs, May-June 1, 1902, (Viereck & Rehn), 6, [A. N. S. P.]; Pecos, July 1,
(T. D. A. Cockerell), 2, [U. S. N. M.]; Rio Ruidoso, White Mts., 6500 ft. alt.,
July, 30, (Townsend; on rocks by stream), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Arizona: Douglas, San Bernardino Ranch, 3750 ft. alt., Aug. (F. H. Snow),
1, [Kans.]; Oak Creek Canon, 6000 ft. alt., Aug. (F. H. Snow), 1, [Kans.].
Guatemala, all (J. S. Hine), [Ohio]; Gualan, Feb. 15, 1905, 1; Los Amates,
Jan. 16-20, 1905, 1; Puerto Barrios, Mar. 3-14, 1905, 2.
Paralimna nigropicta new species
This species, represented by a small series of females, is dis-
tinguished from all others by the velvety black spot between the
bases of the antennae. In some of the other species there may
be a brown stripe or spot here but it is never velvety black. There
seem to be no variation in this respect.
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 119
Description of Female. — Similar to appendiculaia but with a round velvety
spot between bases of antennae. Face, pleura and femora densely cinereous.
Yellowish spots on face faint or confined to the one on the hump below the
black spot. Ciliation of fore femora weak. Parafacials moderately narrow.
Abdomen mostly brown with interrupted cinereous apical bands on segments
more or less dilated medianly; venter cinereous with irrorations. Wings
hyaline with yellowish tinge; cross veins more or less clouded; no stump on
fourth vein. Length. — 3. .5 to 4.0 mm.
Type. — 9 ; Puerto Barrios, Guatemala, March 3-14, 1905,
[Ohio State Univ.]. Paratypes. — 29; topotypical. 19; Los
Amates, Jan. 16-20, 1905. 1 9 ; Gualan, Feb. 15, 1905; all in
Guatemala, [Ohio].
Paralimna meridionalis new species
Allied to appendiculaia but evidently distinct, although the characters of
differentiation are very weak. On comparison with that species, those belong-
ing here have the head, especially the frons and face, naiTOwer, appearing
longer in proportion to the width. The face generally of a dark dull color,
not sericeous, with a dark dash of brown or yellow on the carina between and
a spot or dash laterad of each upper bristle. Eyes obhque, causing the para-
facials to become narrower; the groove is more concentric with the orbits.
Special attention should be given to the latter character. The orbital spot
is less distinct, and the gray abdominal bands are always broadly interrupted
and less dilated medianly. Fore femora of the male with lateral ciliation of
close bristles, sometimes arranged in double series basally; inesal series of
short bristles in one row; lateral series in the female complete, well developed.
Type. — cf ; La Carpentera, Costa Rica, Dec. 4, 1909, (P. P.
Calvert), [A. E. S. Type No. 6092.] Paratypes.— o, topotj^pical.
Specimens Examined. — 40.
Guatemala: Puerto Barrios, Mar. 3-14 1905, 1; Los Amates, Feb. IS,
1905, 1; Santa Lucia, Feb. 2, 1905, 2, aU [Ohio].
CcsTA Rica: Alajuela, 3100 ft. alt., Sept. 15, 1909, (P. P. Calvert; sweeping),
1; Banana River, Upper Reservoir, Nov. 9, 1909, (Calvert; sweeping), 1;
Cachi, Rio Reventazon, Mar. 10, 1910, (Calvert; stagnant pool near bank),
1; Cartago, July 4, 1909, (Calvert), 9; Oct. 27, 1909, (Calvert), 1; Dec. 12,
1909, (Calvert; sweeping over mud), 1; Irazu Volcano, near Cartago, 5000
ft. alt., Dec. 15, 1909, (Calvert; over mud), 7; La Carpentera, Dec. 4, 1909,
(Calvert), 6; Bonnefil Farm, Rio Surubres, Oct. 21, 1909, (Calvert ; sweeping),
2; Turrucares, Dec. 21, 1909, (Calvert; sweeping over mud), 1, all [A. E. S.j.
Panama: Paraiso, Dec. 19, 1909, (A. H. Jennings), 1; Jan. IG, 1911, (A.
Busck), 1; TaberniUa, Apr. 29, 1907, (A. Busck), 1; Rio Trinidad, Mar. 20,
1912, (A. Busck), 1, all [U. S. N. M.].
Peru: Calanga, 1, [H. N. M.].
Argentina: Tucuman, May 8, 1914, (T. C. BarlK>r), 1, [U. S. X. M.].
trans, am. ENT. see, XLII.
120 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
A series of female before me show a slight variation which
may prove to be worthy of note. The sternopleura, especially
the sutures, also the femora are blackish, and the wings are hya-
line with the cross veins faintly clouded. A male from the same
series, however, does not show these differences so I hesitate to
consider this form at present as a variety worthy of a name.
Specimens Examined. — 25.
Brazil: Bonito, Prov. Pernambuco, Jan. 18-22, 1885, 2, [U. S. N. M.].
Paraguay: (Fiebrig), 1, [H. N. M.].
Argentina: Tucuman, April 18, 1913, (Barber and Rosenfeld), Icf, 6$,
[U. S. N. M.]; May 8, 1914, (T. C. Barber), 15, [U. S. N. M.].
Paralimna brunneiceps new species
This is hardly a variety of meridionalis although the parafac-
ials are narrow, much narrower than in that species. The con-
stant brown color of the face is, I think, of specific value.
Description of both sexes. — Entire face between the parafacials and below the
foveae evenly dark browai. Parafacials very narrow, almost linear; cheeks
scarcely longer than third antennal joint. All the lighter areas darker than
usual except the foveae and abdomen; pleura brownish. Otherwise similar to
meridionalis. Length. — 3.5 to 4.4. mm.
Type.—d^; Turrucares, Costa Rica, Dec. 22, 1909, (P P. Cal-
vert; sweeping over mud), [A. E. S. No. 6093]. Paratypes. —
2 9 ; topotypical.
Specimens Examined. — 13.
Guatemala: Gualan, Feb. 15, 1905, (J. S. Hine), 1, [Ohio].
Nicaragua: Chinandega, (Baker), 2, [U. S. N. M.].
Costa Rica: Alajuela, 3100 ft. alt., Sept. 8, 1909, 3; Sept. 15, 1909, 1,
both (P. P. Calvert; sweeping over mud), [A. E. S.]; Rio Siquiares, Dec. 19,
1909, (Calvert), 2, [A. E. S.j; Turrucares, Dec. 22, 1909, (Calvert; sweeping
over mud), 3, [A. E. S.]; Bonnefil Farm, Rio Surubres, 800 ft. alt., Oct. 21,
1909, (Calvert; sweepings), 1, [A. E. S.].
Paralimna agryostoma new species
The present species should not be confused with any other.
The white face, general olivaceous color and silvery antennal
spot will distinguish it.
Description of both sexes. — The general (;olor inclining to olive-green instead
of brown, that is the grays and browns tinged with green, except the cinereous
occiput, pleura and venter. Frons mottled; the black orbital spot large
enroaching on the foveae, with minute white spot. Face and cheeks gray to
shining white, more or less yellowish tinged on hump. Second antennal joint
with distinct white spot above near apex. Mesonotum indistinctly irroratcd,
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 121
with rather distinct vittae. Mesopleura immaculate. The median brown
abdominal stripe well defined. Femora and tibiae anteriorly densely cinere-
ous; knees and bases of tarsi yellowish. Wings yellowish hyaline; cross veins
slightly clouded.
Frons convex, scarcely broader than long. Face one and a half times as
long as broad, with only one strong facial bristle; parafacial very narrow, linear.
Cheeks about half as high as the eye. Second antennal joint with a small
flattened area above near apex in which is situated the white spot; arista long
with 8-10 hairs. The bristles of the frons and thorax are unusually long. The
ciUation of femora microscopic. Length. — 2.8 mm.
Type.— d'; Banana River, Costa Rica, Nov. 9, 1909, (P. P.
Calvert), [A. E. S. No. 6094]. Parahjpes.—5 c^,.l 9 ; topotypical.
Specimens Examined. — 8.
Costa Rica: Banana River, 100 ft. alt., Nov. 9, 1909, (P. P. Calvert; sweep-
ing near upper reservoir), 7, [A. E. S.]; Rio Aranjuez, Puntarenas, Sept. 15,
1905, (F. Knab), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Paralimna puncticornis new species
Here we have a form in wliich the frontal design is very strongly
and completely developed. The frons is rather horizontal but
the eyes are round, large, so the species should not be confused
with pleurivittata.
Description ofFertiale. — Black; halteres and base of tibiae tawny. Generally
yellowish gray and browai, becoming gray ventrally. Frons brown with dis-
tinct labyrinthine lighter markings, the stripe from the ocelli converging
anteriorly. Face mottled; facalia and a pair of spots on median area below
hump brown; parafacials and cheeks lighter; clypeus brownish. Antennae
with silvery spot on second joint above.
Irrorations of mesonotum coalescing into irregular vittae; mesopleura and
scutellum irrorated with brown. Sternopleura blackish below. Grays of
abdomen narrow except on second segment and broadly interrupted medianly;
venter brownish medianly. Femora faintly grayish. Wings brownish
hyaline; c. v. narrowly clouded.
Eyes large, round. . Frons broader than long, rather horizontal but convex.
Face nearly as broad as long, prominent; hump and foveae weak; parafacials
very narrow. Antennae situated above middle line of eyes; second joint with
flattened area above near apical margin; third joint small; arista with 12 to
14 hairs. Checks one-fourth height of eyes. Wings with second vein slightly
bent; third costal section twice as long as second. Length. — 4.0 mm.
The males are similar with normally ciliated femora.
Type.— 9 ; Peralta, Costa Rica, March 24, 1910, (P. P. Calvert;
sweeping over muddy road), [A. E. S. No. 6095].
TRANS. AM. ENT. sT)C., XLII.
122 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
Specimens Examined. — 5.
Costa Rica: Peralta, Mar. 24, 1910, (P. P. Calvert; sweeping over muddy
road), 1, [A. E. S.].
Pan.oia: Paraiso, Canal Zone, Jan. 16, 1911, (A. Busck), 1, [U.S. N. M.];
Tabernilla, Canal Zone, July 31, 1907, (A. Busck), 1, [U. S. N. M.].
Colombia: Sierra San Lorenzo, (Ujhelyi), 2, [H. N. M.].
Var. captiosa new variety
Color more subdued and markings less distinct. Face more evenly yellow-
ish or brownish gray; facalia not darker. The grays of the abdomen more
dilated medianly. The male with the mesal ciliation of fore femora consist-
ing of somewhat flattened but smaller bristles.
Type. — cf ; Montserrat, Trinidad, West Indies, July 4 1905,
(A. Busck), [U. S. N. M. No. 19685]. Paratypes.~-2& ; topotyp-
ical.
Specimens Examined. — 6.
Trinidad: Montserrat, July 4, 1905, (A. Busck), 3, [U. S. N. M.].
Bolivia: Cillutincara, 1, [H. N. M.]; Coroico, 2, [H. N. M.].
Tlie specimens from Bolivia may belong to a distinct species.
The silvery antennal spot is rather indistinct and the flattened
area not noticeable. They may be closely allied to flexineuris.
Paralinma pleurivittata new species
This species is distinct in its horizontal eyes and frons, no
other species known having them so to such a degree. The only
other one approaching it in this respect is taurus, but that species
has the eyes round. The present species may seem to belong to
the group in which the second antennal joint has the flattened
silvery spot, but probably represents another distinct group.
Description of both sexes. — Black; halteres and basal joints of tarsi, tawny.
General color dull yellowish gray and brovra with pectus and metanotum dull
cinereous. Frontal design complicated, more or less distinct; the lighter
stripe from the ocellar bristles subparallel. Face gray tinged above with
brown. Second antennal joint with silvery spot above. Cheeks lighter.
.Mesonotal irrorations obscure; two or three median vittae indistinct; laterad
of the dorso-centrals at the suture and extending obliquely to the post-alar
region is a broad brown stripe, also a similar stripe extending over the pro-
stigma and mesopleura to the pteroplcmal suture. ScuteUum concolorous
with mesonotum. The grays of the abdom(>n broad laterally, attenuated me-
sally and broadly interruj)ted except that of second segment. Venter brown,
laterally gray. Femora weakly ciliated. Wings brownish hyaline with all
veins narrowly, and the c. v. more broadly, clouded.
Eyes horizontal, not rounded or vertical. Frons broader than long, hori-
zontal. Face much longer than broad, prominent, retreating below with
E. T. CRESSON, JR. 123
weak hump. Parafacials very narrow. Cheeks half height of ej^es. Anten-
nae well above middle line of eyes; arista with 12 to 14 hairs. Femora weakh-
but normally ciliated. "\^'ings with second vein slightly curved; second costal
section nearly three times the length of third. Length. — 3. .5 to 4.0 mm.
Type. — d^ ; Callanga, Peru, [Hung. Nat. Mus.]. Paratypcs. —
3cf , 1 9 ; topotypical.
I have not seen any specimen from other locahties.
Paralinma taurus new species PI. IX, fig. 6.
The specimen selected as the type of this species is one of
three received from Dr. Williston as P. multipunctata, and is one
of those belonging to the series from Brazil determined by him as
that species. However, I cannot consider his determination con-
clusive. The three specimens I have are much larger than the
size given for the St. Vincent material. As I have said elsewhere,
I must have better descriptions to follow or must examine the
types of many of the heretofore described species, especially of
the early authors, before I can recognize them.
This species is apparently allied to mericUonalis and is some-
times not easy to separate. It is based on the bold profile of
the head, with its long face caused by the prominence of the an-
terior part of the frons and upper face, thus making the frons
more horizontal and flattened than usual (fig. 6). The facial
hump is well defined and prominent, with deep foveae.
Descriplion of both sexes. — Similar to meridionalis. Head high as broad,
Eyes round or slightly horizontal. Frons broader than long, flat, horizontal,
abruptly angulated with the face; orbits at vertex angular. Face three-fourths
as broad as vertex, nearly as high as head, much longer than broad, with
prominent hump and distinct foveae, retreating slightly below; parafacials
half as broad as third antennal joint, gradually dilating below; facalia dis-
tinctly setulose. Cheeks half as broad as eyes. Scutellum flat. Fore femora
normal. Length. — 3.5 to 5.5. mm.
Type.~&; Corumba, Brazil, May, (H. H. Smith), [A. E. S.
No. G09G]. Paratijpes. — Icf', 1 9 ; topotypical.
Specitnens Examined. — 14.
GuATEMAL.\: Puerto Barrios, Mar. 13-14, 1905, (J. S. Hine), 7, [Ohio];
Santa Lucia, Feb. 2, 1905, (J. S. Hine), 2, [Ohio].
Brazil: Corumbd, May, (H. H. Smith), 3, [A. E. S.].
Paraguay: (Fiebrig), 2, [H. N. M.].
TR.\NS. .AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
124 STUDIES IN AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE (dIPTERA)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE IX
Fig. 1. — Paralimna appendiculata. Wing. X 18.
Fig. 2. — Paralimna appendiculata. Profile of head. X 22.
Fig. 3. — Paralimna appendiculata. Middle tibia. X 22.
Fig. 4. — Paralimna appendiculata. Antenna. X 35.
Fig. 5. — Paralimna decipiens. Profile of head. X 22.
Fig. 6. — Paralimna taurus. Profile of head. X 22.
Fig. 7. — Paralimna ciliata. Fore femui* and tibia. X 35.
Fig. 8. — Paralimna flexineuris. Wing. X 18.
CONTENTS
New or Little-known Crane-flies from Colombia, Ecuador
and Peru (Tipulidae, Diptera). By Charles P. Alexander 1
(Issued February 7, 1916)
Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). VII. A
Revision of the Species of the Genus Atlanticus (Dec-
ticinae). By James A. G. Rehn and Morgan Hebard 33
(Issued March 6, 1916)
Studies in the American Ephydridae (Diptera). I. Revision
of the Species of the Genus Paralimna. By E. T.
Cresson, Jr 101
(Issued March 7, 1916)
VOLUME XLII NUMBER 2
JUNE 1916
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
,^iy
AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
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{ JUL 22 1916
THE GENUS CERATINOPTERA (ORTHOPTERA, BLAT-
TIDAE, PSEUDCMOPINAE)
BY MORGAN HEBARD
Recently, in studying certain species of North American
Blattidae, it has been found necessary to determine what species
should properly be referred to the genus Ceratinoptera. For-
tunately, the genotype C. picta and also nahua, genotype of Para-
ceratinoptera, are represented in the collections before us, andj
with these important species at hand, we are able, for the first
time in its history, to restrict the genus to reasonable bounds.
CERATINOPTERA Brunner
1865. Ceratinoytera, Brunner, Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 75.
Genotype.^ — Ceratinoptera picta Brunner, selected by Kirby,
1904.
This genus, from the very time of the original description, has
been the repository of any species of the Pseudomopinae which
showed somewhat abbreviate but not truncate tegmina (at
least in the male sex), and which did not exhibit some striking
feature considered sufficient to warrant further generic distinc-
tion (such as found in Ariisopygia jocosicluna and other species).
The generic history given below compels the restriction of this
entity to the complex described by Saussure as Paraceratinop-
tera; to this belong the genotype, Ceratinoptera picta Brunner,
Ceratinoptera nahua (Saussure), a new species here described
and probably Ceratinoptera castanea Brunner. No material of
castanea being available, we have not discussed that species in the
present paper. Of the many other species which have been
referred to this genus, the vast majority represent forms having
reduced tegmina, belonging to other genera the recognized species
of which do not show this feature, or to genera yet undescribed.
The use of moderate tegminal reduction as a feature of the first
importance has brought about this unfortunate situation.
Greater tegminal reduction, showing these organs truncate in
both sexes, has been built up into the present heterogeneous
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII. >
126 GENUS CERATINOPTERA (oRTHOPTERA)
genus Temnopteryx,^ while into Loboptera have been forced a host
of forms showing still greater tegminal reduction, these organs in
such forms being represented by mere lateral pads. We have
cited these genera as they at present represent in the literature
the same sort of misconception and resultant unnatural associa-
tion of species as is found in Ceratinoptera as generally understood.
History
In 1865, Brunner described the genus Ceratinoptera,^ including
three new species, picta, castanea and peruviana; Blatta diaphana
Fabricius (unknown to Brunner), and Blatta poeyi and porcellana
of Saussur^e. In 1868, Saussure described Paraceratinoptera,^
including the single species 7iahua. Saussure and Zehntner
later described Paraceratinoptera dohrniana.^ Kirbj^, in 190-4,
selected picta as the type of Ceratinoptera.^ In 1906, Bruner
described Phyllodromia (?) hinotata.^
The names picta, nahua, dohrniana, hinotata, and probably
castanea, are referable to Ceratinoptera in its restricted sense.
We are able furthermore to add that, from material un-
doubtedly correctly determined as to the species, diaphana,
poeyi, porcellana, pygmaea, lutea, puerilis, probably peruviana
and a number of the African species referred to Ceratinoptera,
belong to other and very distinct genera.
Synonymy
Saussure's Paraceratinoptera was separated from Ceratinoptera
by a single character, the absence of arolia between the tarsal
claws. We find that Brunner's picta, later properly selected as
genotype of Ceratinoptera byKirby, not only agrees in this feature
but in all other features of generic diagnostic importance found in
1 This has caused the females of a number of species of Ischnoptera having
truncate tegmina to be described as species of Temnopteryx and those having
lateral greatly reduced tegmina as Loboptera. See Rehn and Hebard, Proc.
Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1910, p. 407, (1910).
2 Nouv. Syst. Blatt., p. 75.
^ Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e ser., xx, p. 357.
' Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 49, (1893).
s Synon. Cat. Orth., i, p. 98.
^ Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, p. 140.
MORGAN HEBARD 127
Saussure's genus. ^ As a result Paraceratinoptei'a is an absolute
synonym of Ceratinoptera.
Generic Position
The present genus is a member of the group Blattellites, in
linear position best placed at the beginning of the genera having
the tegminal discoidal sectors oblique. It is widely separated
from the other genera of the group, not only by the very heavy
femora, but also by the absence of arolia between the tarsal
claws. The armament of the ventro-cephalic margin of the
cephalic femora agrees best, among the described genera, with
Mareta. The nearest general resemblance in femoral form and
armament of piliform (but not the distal) spines is, however,
found in the widely separated genus Pledoptera.
The features of greatest generic importance are found in the
short heavy maxillary palpi; the very narrow and scarcely opaque
deflexed lateral margins of the pronotum; the corneous tegmina,
which, when elongate and overlapping, have the dextral con-
cealed area as colorless as the wings, and the short heavy and
weakly spined limbs, with armament of ventro-cephalic mar-
gin of cephalic femora unusual in the group, and arolia absent
between the tarsal claws.
Generic Description
Size small, form compact and rather stout for the Blattelhtes. Head evenly
convex without flattening between or below the eyes; ocellar spots weakly
indicated or distinct meso-dorsad of antennal sockets, or entirely absent ; maxil-
lary palpi short and stout, with distal joint much enlarged and decidedly longer
than penultimate joint; lateral margins of face weakly convexo-convergent to
bases of jaws. Pronotum ample; evenly convex, this decided only at the very
narrow deflexed latei-al margins which are rather broadly rounded; caudal
margin truncate, transverse or very faintly convex. Tegmina fully developed,
decidedly reduced or greatly reduced and truncate distad; moderately corneous
to corneous, with veins not pronounced to very weakly indicated. In the
fully developed tegminal condition, the area of the dextral tegmon concealed
when at rest, is conspicuous in being colorless and as transparent as the wing.
In conditions where the discoidal sectors of the tegmen are not eliminated by
' Material before us, referable with certainty to the genotypes of both Cera-
tinoptera and Paraceralinoplera, clearly demonstrates these facts. Many
important features were omitted in the description of picta; though the original
description of nahua is incomplete, the genus and species was later much more
fully discussed and figured by Saussure, Miss. Sci. Max., Rech. ZooL, vi, p. 87,
pi. I, fig. 30a, pi. II, figs. 47, 47a, (1870).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
128 GENUS CERATINOPTERA (oRTHOPTERA)
reduction, these are seen to be distinctly oblique; all of the veins of the tegmen
and wing are, in their fully developed condition, numerous but somewhat irreg-
ular. Wings fully developed, decidedly reduced or minute and vestigial.
Wing, in its fully developed condition, exceedingly delicate, with marginal
area very elongate and scapular field brief with few weakly clavate costal veins;
a decided transverse vein connects the discoidal and ulnar veins proximad, the
median vein does not extend proximad to this point (all of these veins are not
strongly defined, which probably explains the omission of the median vein in
Brunner's figure of picta and the omission of this transverse vein in Saussure's
figure of nahua), the ulnar vein branching only extremely distad or not at all;
intercalated triangle present but very small; axillary vein with a number of
branches. Abdomen of males with seventh dorsal segment distinctly special-
ized mesad. Supra-anal plate (tenth dorsal abdominal segment) in both sexes
wider than long, rather strongly triangularly produced, with lateral margins
weakly convex and apex rounded. Subgenital plate of males somewhat
asymmetrical, bearing stout styles; of females ample, rather strongly emar-
ginate and with a brief longitudinal cleft mesad
on the distal margin. Limbs short and stout
for the group. Cephalic femora with ventro-
cephalic margin unarmed in proximal third,
suppUed in distal two-thirds with a close-set
row of minute piliform spines terminated by
Fig. 1. Ceratinopiera nahua two long stout distal spines, no genicular spine
(Saussure). present, ventro-caudal margin with a single
distal spine and occasionally one or two very
9. Mmatitlan, Mexico. small marginal spines. Other femora with ven-
Outhne of cephahc face of ^^^j ^^^^^^^ ^^.^^j.jy g^^ppUgd with small spines,
cephalic femur. (Greatly ^^^^^^ ^-^^^^^ ^^.^^^ ^ j^^^ genicular spine and at
enlarged.) (Typical for ^-^^ extremity of each ventral margin with a
genus Ceratinopiera.) ^^^^^^ shorter spine. No arolia are present be-
tween the tarsal claws.
Material Examined
The genus is apparently rare in collections; twenty-three speci-
mens before us are, with four exceptions, all from the Philadelphia
collections.
Generic Distribution
The genus is known from the eastern mountains and coastal
section of Mexico, as far north as the vicinity of Vera Cruz, and is
probably widely distributed southward through Central America
and northern South America, the limital records being Caparo,
Trinidad; Brazil; Contamano, Peru,* and Cauca, Colombia.
^ From Brunner's description it does not ai)p(>ar probable that C peruviana,
described from Peru, is a member of this genus as j)rc)pcrly restricted. All
our exotic material suggests, furthermore, that the genus is restricted in dis-
tribution to the Americas.
MORGAN HEBARD 129
Ceratinoptera picta Brunner (Fig 2.)
1865. Ceratinoptera picta Brunner, Nouv. Sj-st. Blatt., p. 70, pi. I, figs. 4,
AtoE. [c^, 9, Brazil.]
1906. Phyllodromia (?) binotata Bruner, Journ. N. Y. Ent. Soc, xiv, p. 140.
[ 9 ?(inistake, specimen a male), Trinidad.]
The type of Bruner's binotata, which that author has most
kindly sent us for examination, shows beyond question the above
synonymy. The specimen exhibits a slight and unimportant
color variation, the striking meso-caudal pronotal marking being
narrowly and very weakly suffused mesad; the tegmina are
fully developed.
Brunner's description of the insect leaves no room for doubt
as to the identity of the material before us, but he fails to mention
any of the important features found in the limbs (see generic
description), furthermore his figures are not minutely accurate,
portions of the wing venation and of the distal abdominal seg-
ments being clearly sketchy.
The species is appreciably smaller and more slender than C.
nahua. The ocellar spots are pale and distinct. The distal
(fifth) joint of the maxillary palpi is very large and strongly
obliquely truncate, nearly half again as long as the fourth joint,
subequal in length to the third. Pronotum very
weakly transverse. Tegmina and wings fully
developed in all material known, as in nahua
when this condition there occurs (see generic
description) ; but the area of the dextral tegmen. Fig. 2. Ccra-
concealed when at rest, is in the present insect tinoptera picta
suddenly and very sharply defined, while the area Brunner.
embracing the swollen portions of the costal veins ^ .'.', \'^''l^^'"°'
P .^ . . , , , rr-,, i rimdad. Dor-
ot the wmgs is somewhat embrowned. The sal view of pro-
broad proximo-mesal depression of the seventh notum (X 4.)
abdominal segment in the male is weakly raised
mesad, the margins of this elevation forming a triangle with
apex cephalad and supplied with a cluster of hairs; the eighth
and ninth dorsal abdominal segments are narrower with caudal
margins alone visible. The male supra-anal plate is triangularly
produced with margins weakly convex and apex rounded; in
the female it is similar but with apex distinctly angulato-
emarginate. The male subgcnital plate is moderately large,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
130 GENUS CERATINOPTERA (oRTHOPTERA)
strongly convex, with two stout briefly separated styles deeply
inserted mesad on the distal margin, the dextral twice as long
and more deeply inserted than the sinistral, both with very
minute teeth on their dorsal surfaces. The female subgenital
plate is large, with distal margin broadly convex, with a decided
median emargination the sides of which are broadly convex, thus
forming toward its apex a brief longitudinal cleft. Limbs similar
to nahua (see generic descriptiori).
Measurements (in millimeters)
■i, o "^
S J? . f-
ft
Xi
o.
>- ° ° s o a °
O Iz; H^ ^q ^ i_l .rs
Contamano, Peru (1) 8.3 2.6 2.9 8.1 \5
Trinidad (1) 8.7 2.7 3.1 8.3 2.8
9
Caparo, Trinidad (1) 8.9 2.6 3 8.4 2.7
It is evident from Brunner's description that the types of the
species are shghtly larger than the specimens before us, while
the males have the tegmina distinctly reduced ("length 6 mm.")-
So much size and tegminal variation occurs in nahua that we
attribute the difference here found to similar individual variation.
General color of head and pronotum very deep shining blackish
brown, the pronotum with a large meso-caudal marking of
light buff (see fig. 2) ; in the male the lateral margins of the pro-
notum are very narrowly and very slightly paler than the general .
color. Tegmina clear shining blackish brown, darkest proximad;
excepting third of dextral tegmen concealed when at rest which,
like the wings, is hyaline, transparent, the veins giving a whitish
cast. Maxillary palpi and limbs buft'y, ventral surface of thorax
dark brown. Abdomen above and below ochraceous buff, very
broadly suffused laterad and distad with blackish brown.
Specimens Examined: 5; 4 males and 1 female.
Olas de Moka, Solola, Guatemala, 3000 feet, IX, 1908, (G. P. Englchardt),
Id^, [U. S. N. M.].
Cacao, Trece Aguas, Alta Vera Paz, Guatemala, III, 1907, Icf,
[U. S. N. M.].
Trinidad, (H. D. Chipman), I d^, type of P.(?) binotata Bruncr, [Bruner
Cln.].
Caparo, Trinidad, VI, 1913, (S. M. Klages), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Contamano, Rio Ucayali, Peru, X to XII, 1912, Id', [A. N. S. P.].
MORGAN HEBARD 131
Ceratinoptera nahua (Saussure) (Figs. 1 and 3.)
1868. Paraceratinoptera nahua Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e ser., xx, p.
357. [cf, 9, Cordillera Oriental, Mexico.]
1893. Paraceratinoptera dohrniana Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-
Amer., Orth., i, p. 49. [cf, Guatemala.!
That dohrniana is a synonym of nahua is evident from the
description and study of the series now before us, the name being
based solely on a specimen showing the fully developed condition
of tegmina and wings. Specimens from the same Guatemalan
series with reduced tegmina were at the same time recorded as
nahua. In the present Mexican material two of three series
show both of the above conditions and decided size variation
as., ^ell. Brunner's castanea, from Brazil, appears, from the orig-
i: ^ 'escription, to be a closely related but distinct species.
The species is rather small and stout. The ocellar spots are
dis-.'inct in specimens having fully developed tegmina, distinct
to obsolete in individuals having reduced tegmina.^ The maxil-
lary palpi are as in C. yicta. The pronotum is distinctly trans-
verse. The tegmina and wings when fully developed are much
as in picta, but the area of the dextral tegmen, concealed when at
rest, is less suddenly and more gradually defined, while the area
embracing the swollen portions of the costal
veins of the wings is very weakly suffused.
The specialization of the seventh dorsal abdomi-
nal segment in the male is as in that sex of pida
and the eighth and ninth dorsal abdominal seg- p- 3 Ceratin-
ments are also similar. The genitalia are very opt era nahua
similar in both species, the supra-anal plate (Saussure).
in the female of the present insect has the apex 9 Minatitlan,
very slightly angulato-emarginate. The two Mexico. Dorsal
species differ distinctly in size and form and con- ^ ^^^ ^,y. ^V^?°
spicuously in coloration.
9 Reduction in the ocelli or the ocellar spots almost always occurs in the
Blattidae with reduction in the organs of flight. Ignorance of this fact has in
the past often given rise to decided difficulties and in some cases serious mis-
takes.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
132 GENUS CERATINOPTERA (oRTHOPTERA)
Measurements {in millimeters)
(f
Is
3 S
a
II
1-3
o
a
o
Orizaba, Mexico ....
(1)
10
2.7
3.3
8.5
2.9
Motzorongo, Mexico.
(2)
9.6-9.8
2.9-3
3.4-3.8
9.3-10
3.2-3.3
Motzorongo, Mexico.
(2)
9.9-10
2.9-3.1
3.9-4.1
6.3-6.4
2.7-2,8
Minatitlan, Mexico. .
9
Orizaba, Mexico ....
(1)
9.8
2.6
3.8
6.7
2.6
(1)
10.5
3
3.8
6.2
2,5
Motzorongo, Mexico.
(2) 10.7-10.8
3.3-3.4
4.1-4,6
6.1-6.2
2.9-3
Minatitlan, Mexico . .
(2)
9
2.8-2.9
3.9-4.1
5.1-5,3
2,7-2,8
Quirigua, Guatemala
(1)
10
3
4
5.4
2,7
It is evident from this series that the variation in size and in
tegmina and wings is due to individual variation and not to
geographic distribution.
General color shining dark chestnut brown to dark russet.
Pronotum unicolorous or varying individually as follows; lateral
margins sometimes very narrowly to narrowly paler, disk some-
times with much suffused tawny markings, these two meso-
caudal minute dots varying to a small meso-caudal blotch (see
fig. 3), sometimes with the greater mesal portion of the disk in
addition very slightly paler than the other portions of the same.
Maxillary palpi and limbs ochraceous tawny, usually somewhat
suffused. Abdomen of general color, shading mesad both above
and below to tawny.
Immature examples have the head, pronotum, mesonotum and
lateral margins of the dorsal abdominal segments, shining chest-
nut brown. The pronotum narrowly margined laterad, the
entire metanotum and the mesal portion of the dorsum of the
abdomen, buffy. Limbs and underparts, not including the
head, buffy.
1' The even numbers given for this dimension are approximated, the speci-
mens being in these cases much distorted.
" A widening in the pronotum caudad, accompanied by a lessening of the
convexity of the caudal margin, appears often to accompany reduction in the
organs of flight in the lihittidae. Such variation in the pronotum is noticeable,
but not pronounced, in the present series.
MORGAN HEBARD 133
The ootheca is carried with suture dorsad, this suture with
minute double-knobbed projections separated by about twice
their own diameter. Surface of ootheca strongly convex, weakly
roughened and covered with a scattering of minute hairs. The
extruded distal surface is curved evenly upward to base of suture
without a keel.
Specimens Examined: 17; 7 males, G females and 4 immature examples. i-
Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, I, 1892, Icf, 19, 1 juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.].
(cf, tegmina elongate.)
Motzorongo, V. C, Mex., II, 1892, 4cf, 2 9,2 juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.].
(2c?, tegmina elongate.)
Minatitlan, V. C, Mex., II, 1, 1892, 2a^ 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Quirigua, Guatemala, II, 1912, (W. P. Cockerell), 19, [U. S. N. M.].
P6zo Azul de Pirrls, Costa Rica, V. 10 to 20, (M. A. Carriker Jr.), 1 juv.
d", [Hebard Cln.].
Ceratinoptera tropaia '' new species (Fig. 4.)
This species is related to C. nahua, the greatest differences
in males being.found in the smaller size, decidedly less transverse
pronotum, truncate tegmina, vestigial wings, less decidedly
specialized mesal portion of seventh dorsal abdominal segment
and solid and darker general coloration.
Type: cf ; Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico. February 1892.
[Hebard Collection, Type No. 417.]
Description o/ Type.- — Size very small, form moderately stout. Eyes very
widely separated, not quite reaching as far as mesal portion of dorsal margin
of antennal sockets, ocellar spots absent (see footnote 9). Head and maxillary
palpi as given in generic description. Pronotum proportionately deeper than
in nahua, margin evenly rounding to latero-caudal angles which are rather
broadly rounded, rectangulate; caudal margin truncate, transverse. Teg-
mina corneous, very slightly longer than wide, sutural margins attingent
distad, caudal margins truncate and moderately oblique toward the sutural
margins, this truncation causing a decided inward bending of the anal
vein, brief proximal portions of other veins almost indistinguishable. Scv-
^^In addition we have before us an immature example of the genus from
Cauca, Colombia. This specimen is dark shining blackish brown in general
coloration with pronotum immaculate, but in other features of paler color-
ation agrees exactly with the immature examples here recorded.
^^ From Tpo7rata = a change from. In allusion to the differences from the
genotype in the organs of flight.
TRANS. A.M. ENT. SOC, XUI.
134
GENUS CERATINOPTERA (oRTHOPTERA)
Fig 4. Ceratin-
optera tropaia
new species.
d", type.
Motzoro n go ,
Mexico. Dorsal
outline. (X 5.)
enth dorsal abdominal segment with a slight mesal de-
pression (this gland opening much more specialized in
both picta and nahua). Supra-anal plate moderately
transverse, triangularly produced with rounded apex.
Subgenital plate convex, with sides raised and margins
suddenly decUvent mesad, the stout styles there deeply
inserted, the sinistral style decidedly the smaller, the
remaining brief mesal portion of the plate produced
between these styles and moderately convex, so that
margins of lateral portions of plate, of styles and of
the produced mesal portion are all attingent (of the
same type as found in picta and nahua). Limbs short
and stout, armed as given in generic description, the larger
spines all very small and weakly developed.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Motzorongo, Mexico, type.
1-4
7.5
53
2.4
fa
2.9
1^
2.6
Coloration. General color dark shining chestnut brown; the
very narrow lateral margins of the pronotum, alone of the entire
dorsal surface, very slightly paler. Head shining chestnut
brown, with antennae and maxillary palpi of the same color.
Limbs suffused dresden brown. Median portion of ventral
surface of abdomen cinnamon-brown, merging gradually into the
general darker coloration laterad and distad. ,
The type is unique.
" This measurement is approximated as the type has the abdomen some-
what crushed proximad.
W. G. DIETZ i;i")
SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN SPE-
CIES OF ORMOSIA RONDANI (RHYPHOLOPHUS
KOLENATI), WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW
SPECIES (DIPTERA)
BY WILLIAM G. DIETZ, M. D.
1. Discal cell closed 2
Discal cell not closed (Dasyphra Schiner) 13
2. Wings variegated or bicolored 3
Wings unicolorous 7
3. Wing-veins 6 and 7 diverging to the wing margin 4
Wing-veins G and 7 parallel or converging to the wing margin 6
4. Wings spotted brown in all the cells innocens Osten Sacken
Wings not spotted as in alternative 5
5. Basal portion of wing between veins 1 and 5, and apical part of wing fus-
cous apicalis Alexander
Three fuscous costal spots and transverse veins margined with fuscous.
atriceps sp. n.
6. Three more or less distinct, grayish brown transverse bands in ajjical part
of wing nubilus Osten Sacken
An indistinct band extends from stigma along the central cross vein.
fascipennis Zetterstedt
7. Seventh vein arcuated, axillary cell in the middle as wide as, or wider than
at the wing margin 8
Seventh vein diverging from vein 6 to wing margin '. . 9
8. Antennae entirely brown arcuata Doane
Antennae yellow at base fumata Doane
9. Antennae entirely brown; thorax shining. Great cross vein at middle of
discal cell abnormis sp. n.
Antennae not entirely brown 10
10. Entire thorax and coxae yellowish-red; antennae pale yellowish, infus-
cate towards the tip luteola sp. n.
Thorax not as in the alternative 11
11. Mesonotum reddish with median fuscous line pilosa sp. n.
Thorax fuscous 12
12. Four basal joints of antennae pale 3'ellow . . .. nigripila Osten Sacken
Two basal joints of antennae 3'ellow fusiformis Doane
13. Discal cell coalescing with the second posterior cell 14
Discal cell coalescing with the third posterior cell 17
14. Seventh vein arcuated; axillary cell at middle a.^ wide as or wider than at
the wing margin holotricha Ost en Sacken
Veins 6 and 7 diverging towards the wing margin 15
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
136 NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA (dIPTERA)
15. Color yellow flaveola Coquillett
Color yellowish-brown 16
16. Wings brown; stigma distinct divexa Doane
Wings nearly hyaline; stigma faint palpalis sp. n.
17. Antennae of male shorter than the thorax 18
Antennae of male approximately as long as or longer than the body
{Ormosia stricte sic dicta) 29
18. Seventh vein arcuate; axillary cell at middle as wide as or wider than at
the end 19
Seventh vein not arcuate, diverging from vein 6 25
19. Thorax reddish with dark median dorsal line. . .rubella Osten Sacken
Thorax not reddish 20
20. Stigma distinct 21
Stigma indistinct 23
21. Two basal joints of antennae yellow lanuginosa Doane
Antennae entirely fuscous 22
22. Claws of hypopygium simple; wing-veins heavy, .meigenii Osten Sacken
Claws of hypopygium complicated; wing-veins not heavy . . cornuta Doane
23. Thorax light yellow 24
Thorax brown or yellowish-brown perplexa sp. n.
24. Antennae and palpi, except basal joints, brown. . . .cockerelli Coquillett
Antennae wholly yellow parallelus Doane
25. Basal joints of antennae yellow or, at least, paler than the rest 26
Antennae entirely fuscous 27
26. Brown; stigma darker manicata Doane
Yellowish brown; region of stigma not darker modica sp. n.
27. Mesonotum with a blackish line on each side bilineata sp. n.
Mesonotum with a median brown stripe 28
28. Thorax reddish-brown deviata sp. n.
Thorax yellow above afflnis Lundbeck
29. Antennae longer than the body, conspicuously hairy, .longicornis Doane
Antennae not longer than the body 30
30. Veins 6 and 7 widely diverging to the wing margin. . . .divergens sp. n.
Veins 6 and 7 subparallel 31
31. Joints of antennal flagellum strongly attenuated apically.
monticola Osten Sacken
Joints of flagellum of equal width throughout taeniocera sp. n.
Ormosia atriceps sp. n. (PI. X, figs. 1 and 2.)
Yellowish-brown. Anteimae — male — scarcely reaching the transverse suture
of the thorax. Wings grayish, costa yellowish with three fuscous spots, cen-
tral cross vein and beginning of the two branches of vein two, margined with
fuscous. Discal cell closed. Veins six and seven diverging to the wing margin.
(f, Length, 5 mm.; wing, 7 mm.
Head blackish. Eyes very narrowly separated below. Palpi stout, fuscous.
Antennae not long, scarcely reaching the transverse thoracic suture; yellowish,
thinly beset witli rather long hair; l)asal joint stout, the second moderately
W. G. DIETZ 137
SO, the following four or five joints ovoidal, outer joints cylindrical and atten-
uated.
Thorax entirely yellowish-brown with a few fine scattered hairs. Halteres
pale, tip sUghtly tinged with fuscous. Legs slender, pale j^ellowish, itars
somewhat infuscate, joints darker at tip; the whole leg beset with rather long,
blackish hairs, denser and more conspicuous on the tarsi. Wings relatively
narrow, tinged with grayish; costal and subcostal cells yellowish; veins fus-
cous. Discal cell closed. The seventh vein diverging from the si.xth and at-
taining the margin of the wing about opposite of middle of vein five. Three
fuscous costal spots, one over origin of the praefurca, one midway between the
latter and the end of the subcostal vein and one over the last mentioned point;
central cross vein margined with fuscous, likewise the beginning of the two
branches of vein two; costal margin beyond apex of subco.stal vein to apex of
wing infuscate, branches of vein two and vein three, narrowly margined with
fuscous. Pubescence sparse, inconspicuous.
Abdomen fuscous with scattered hairs. Hypopygium yellow; the ninth
tergite projects in the form of a subtriangular plate; lobes with an apical,
dark fuscous, bird-head hke appendage, the latter incurved, hairy.
Holotype: cf; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. July 11, 1913.
Type in author's collection. The nearest ally of this species
is 0. innocens Osten Sacken, with which it agrees in venation,
except that the marginal cross vein in the latter species, is at
the point where the second longitudinal vein divides into its
two branches, whereas in 0. atriceps this cross vein runs into
the anterior branch of vein two. The wing spots in the latter
species are very few compared with those of 0. innocens. 0.
apicalis differs by its very different wing coloration, being in-
fuscated at base and on apical part of wing.
Ormosia abnormis sp. n. (PL X, fig. 3.)
Antennae entirely fuscous. Thorax reddish-brown shining. Discal cell
closed; the great cross vein about its middle, vein seven diverging from vein
six.
cf , Length, 5 mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.
Head, palpi and rostrum dark fuscous, the latter shining. Antennae fus-
cous, the first two joints stout, clavate, flagellum very slender, outer joints
elongate, the whole antennae sparsely beset with long hairs. Eyes contiguous
above.
Thorax reddish-brown, shining; scutel and metathorax subopaque. Hal-
teres pale, club infuscate at apex. Legs slender, femora sordid yellowish,
fuscous at the tip, tibiae yellowish-fuscous, darker towards the apex, tarsi
fuscous. Wings hyahne, pubescence fine and sparse, denser in apical part of
wing; stigma conciolorous or nearly so; marginal cross vein very faint, discal
cell closed, the great cross vein at its middle, veins six and seven diverging
towards the wing margin.
TRANS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLII.
138 NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA (dIPTERA)
Abdomen yellowish-fuscous, lateral margin dark fuscous. Hypopygium
ferruginous, pleurites somewhat tumid, incurved toward each other apicaUy,
appendages long, slender.
9, Length, 4 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Scarcely differing from male in appearance. Antennae apparently not
shorter than in the male. Abdomen entirely blackish, hence the fuscous lat-
eral margin of the male not present. Ovipositor sordid yellowish, the upper
valves very slender, diverging and a little shorter than the lower valves.
Holotype: d^ ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. August 25, 1914,
Allotype: 9 ; topotypic. August 31, 1914.
Paratypes: two males, topotypic. August 25, and Septem-
ber 3, 1913.
An aberrant form. The great cross vein at the middle of the
discal cell does not occur in any other of our North American
species known to me. Aside from this character, it is distin-
guished from our other species of Ormosia with closed discal cell,
unicolorous wings with veins six and seven divergent, by its en-
tirely brown antennae and the reddish-brown, shining thorax.
Four specimens in author's collection.
Ormosia luteola sp. n. (PI. X, fig. 4.)
Thorax yellow. Antennae yellowish, infuscate towards the apex. Discal
cell closed; veins six and seven diverging to the wing margin.
(f, Length, 3.45 mm.; wing 3.5 mm.
Head and palpi blackish. Antennae slender, yellowish, outer joints of
flagellum infuscate, reaching a trifle beyond the insertion of the wings, flagellar
joints densely pubescent, each with one or more setaceous hairs. Eyes large,
narrowly separated above.
Thorax yellow above; mesonotum dull, no stripes, a few long, scattered
hairs posteriorly and on the scutellum; metanotum yellowish-brown. Pleura
yellowish-brown with a faint, whitish bloom. Halteres pale yellow. Legs
yellowish-fuscous, knees yellow. Wings broad, grayish, stigma fuscous, pubes-
cence dense and long; discal cell closed, posterior cross vein before the discal
cell, veins six and seven diverging to wing margin.
Abdomen brown, darker posteriorly, covered with a pale rather long, dense
pile. Hypopygium concolorous, lobes short, appendages long claw-Hke.
9 , Length, 5 mm.; wing, 6 mm.
Antennae shorter. Pubescence of wing shorter and less dense. Legs fus-
cous, femora paler towards the base. Abdomen fuscous, the hairy vestiture
shorter and sparser. Ovipositor ferruginous, upper valves strongly curved
lower valves much shorter, straight. Wings inclined to fuscous and some-
what iridescent.
Holotype: cJ"; East River, Connecticut. August, 1911. (Chas.
Ely — collector.)
W. G. DIETZ 139
Allotype: 9 ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. July 7, 1913.
Paratype: 3 females. June 11, 1913, July 25, 1914.
Easily distinguished from the other species of Ormosia with
unicolorous wings, closed discal cell and veins six and seven
diverging towards the wing margin, by the yellow color of the
thorax and the pale yellow antennae but slightly inf uscate towards
the apex. The difference in size between the male type and the
females, may possibly be due to difference in environment of the
respective localities. All in author's collection.
Ormosia pilosa sp. n. (PI. X, fig. 5.)
\^'ings unicolorous. Discal cell closed. Veins six and seven diverging to
wing margin. Antennal flagellum pale, infuscate towards the tip. Body and
wings conspicuously pubescent.
cf, Length, 3.5 mm. (abdomen contracted); wing, 4.5 mm.
Head and rostrum blackish. Palpi brown, stout. Eyes large, black. An-
tennae rather long, reaching a trifle beyond the insertion of the wings, basal
two joints of moderate length and thickness, brownish-red and shining; flagel-
lum pale, densely clothed with rather long pale pubescence, each joint with a
few long bristles, outer joints elongate, attenuated at each end.
Thorax dull reddish above, tinged with brown; mesonotum with an ill-de-
fined, median fuscous vitta which does not attain the anterior margin nor the
transverse suture, a small fuscous dot each side anteriorly; a row of fine pale
hairs each side, converging towards the middle posteriorly. Metathorax
reddish fuscous. Pleura fuscous. Halteres pale yellow, club somewhat infus-
cate, tip pale. Legs long and slender; coxae and legs yellowish-fuscous, apices
of femora and tibiae pale. Wings of moderate width, hyahne, pubescence short,
and dense, giving the wing a grayish tinge, stigma concolorous; discal cell
closed; the large cross vein before the discal cell. Vein seven diverges from
vein six to wing margin.
Abdomen fuscous, clothed with rather long, coarse pale hair. Hypopygium
small, fuscous; pleural lobes convex externally, upper appendages slender,
strongly incurved, claw-hke, the lower short.
9, Length, 4.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Differs from the male as follows: Antennae shorter and less slender, bent
back they reach midway between the anterior thoracic margin and the root of
the wing; flagellum pale fuscous, pubescence shorter and less conspicuous.
The mesonotal vitta reaches the anterior margin. Wings somewhat iridescent.
Pubescence of abdomen shorter, not so coarse and less conspicuous. Ovi-
positor reddish, upper valves strongly curved, lower approximately straight.
It is with some hesitation that I place this as the female of the above de-
scribed male. It agrees in general habitus and coloration, especially of the
thorax, but differs in the iridescence of the wing and the less pronounced pilos-
ity of the abdomen. Both specimens were taken at the same locality, though
on different dates.
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
140 NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA (dIPTERA)
Holotype: cf ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. May 18, 1913.
Allotype: 9 ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. June 29, 1913.
Para types: 4 males and 4 females, Hazleton, Pennsylvania,
May, June, July, August, October. One male and two females,
Black Mountains, North Carolina, May, 1913 (Wm. Beuten-
mueller — collector. One female, East River, Connecticut, Sep-
tember, 1910. (Charles Ely— collector).
In some specimens the basal joints of the antennae are but
slightly darker than the flagellum; the wings less densely pubes-
cent. The mesonotum is somewhat darker in some specimens
than in others. All material in the author's collection.
Ormosia palpalis sp. n. (PI. X, fig. 6.)
Fuscous; antennae fuscous, basal joints pale. The discal cell opens into
the second posterior cell. Veins six and seven diverging to the wing margin.
cf , Length, 3.25 mm.; wing, 4.25 mm.
Head and palpi blackish. Antennae slender, bent back they reach beyond
the insertion of the wings; first joint light yellowish fuscous, the following
four joints pale yellowish and like the first joint, incrassate; rest of flagellum
pale fuscous, joints elongate elliptical, about twice as long as wide, the whole
antennae densely pubescent, pubescence long and pale and interspersed with a
few long bristles.
Thorax. Mesonotum grayish-fuscous with an ill-defined median fuscous
vitta and an obscure fuscous line on each side. Scutellum and metanotum gray-
ish-fuscous. Pleura fuscous with a grayish bloom. Halteres entirely whitish.
Legs slender; coxae yellowish-brown; femora and tibiae light fuscous, darker
at the tip; tarsi darker, outer joints blackish. Wings hyaline, a faintly darker
shade in region of stigma; pubescence very fine, inconspicuous; veins not
pronounced. The discal cell opens into the second posterior cell. Veins six
and seven diverge towards the margin of the wang.
Abdomen fuscous, densely clothed with pale, rather short pile. Hypopyg-
ium rather small, concolorous. The upper appendages long, and ending
into a fine point; lower appendages much shorter and nearly straight.
Holotype: cf ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. October, 16, 1913.
Paratype: d^ ; topotypic. September 14, 1915.
Agrees with 0. flaveola Coquillett and 0. divexa Doane, in the
discal cell opening into the second posterior cell and veins six
and seven diverging. From the former, it differs in its grayish-
fuscous coloration and the elongate joints of the flagellum; from
0. divexa in the gray color of the mesonotum, the shorter hairy
vcstiture of the abdomen, wings hyaline with the stigma but a
shade darker, and the pubescence very fine and less dense.
Types in author's collection.
W. G. DIETZ 141
Ormosia perplexa sp. n.
Fuscous, wings unicolorous, discal cell opens into the third posterior cell,
veins six and seven subparallel, stigma indistinct.
9, Length, 3.5 mm.; wing, 3.75 mm.
Head, palpi and antennae fuscous, the two basal joints of the latter a shade
paler than the flagellum, joints of the latter ovoidal, becoming more elongate
outwardly, the whole antennae covered with short, fine pubescence.
Thorax fuscous, mesonotum with a grayish bloom, a rather broad, median
darker stripe with a row of short pale hairs along its lateral margins, some
longer, scattered hairs behind the transverse suture; scutellum and meta-
thorax with a grayish bloom and some scattered hairs. Legs light brown,
co.xae and femora toward.s the base, paler. Halteres pale with a brownish
tinge, knob yellowish-white. Wings brownish, pubescence dense, stigma con-
colorous, the discal cell opens into the third posterior cell, posterior cross vein
before the discal cell, outer half of vein seven parallel to vein six.
Abdomen fuscous, the hairy vestiture very fine and sparse. Ovipositor
cur\'ed, reddish, paler towards the apex.
Holotype : 9 ; Waverly, New York. May.
A single specimen in my collection. Agrees with 0. cockerelli,
paraliela and monticola, in the discal cell opening into the third
posterior cell and vein six and seven not diverging towards the
wing margin. From the first two of these it differs in the fus-
cous color of the thorax and from monticola in its darker thorax,
wings more brownish with no trace of darker stigma, and the
knob of the halteres whitish yellow.
Ormosia modica sp. n. (PI. X, figs. 7 and 7A.)
Yellowish-fuscous, basal joints of antennae yellow, the discal cell opens into
the third posterior cell, vein six and seven diverging towards the wing margin.
cT, Length, 4 mm.; wing, 7.75 mm.
Head yellowish-fuscous, palpi and antennae fuscous, basal joints of latter
yellowish, flagellum slender, beset with long, soft hairs, generally speaking
longer than the respective joints, and a short pubescence; the antennae bent
backwards reach to the insertion of the wings. Eyes rather widely separated
above.
Thorax tinged above with pale brown, its dorsum with an ill-defined, median,
pale fuscous stripe and a row of long, yellow hairs on each side; metanotum
brown, shining, with some scattered hairs. Pleura with faint silvery reflection.
Halteres pale, knob fuscous. Legs yellowish-brown, coxae and femora towards
the base, yellowish. Wings pale gray, moderately wide, pubescence long and
dense; the subcostal cross vein very remote from the end of subcostal vein,
the discal cell opens into the third posterior cell, great cross vein curved and
at the proximal end of the discal cell; vein seven stronglj^ diverging from vein
six; region of stigma scarcely darker, costa dark brown, other veins paler.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
142 NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA (dIPTERA)
Abdomen fuscous, clothed with rather long pale pubescence. Hypopygium
ferruginous, the ninth sternite paler, strongly prolonged and deeply incised,
each side somewhat dilated and infuscate distad.
9 , Does not differ from the male, except that the antennae are a trifle
shorter. Ovipositor yellowish-red, upper valves sHghtly curved.
Holotype: cT ; Sonoma Co., California. April 8, 1914. (Au-
gust Kusche^ — collector.)
Allotype: 9 ; topotypic. May 13, 1914.
Paratypes: 2 females; topotypic. May 13, 1914.
In its unicolorous wings, the discal cell opening into the third
posterior cell and veins six and seven diverging towards the wing
margin, the present species approaches closest to 0. manicata
Doane and differs from it in its more yellow color, the region of
the stigma not darker and the pale pubescence of the abdomen,
as well as differences in the construction of the hypopygium.
From 0. deviata, it differs in the pale basal joints of the antennae.
Four specimens in author's collection.
Ormosia bilineata sp. n. (PL X, fig. 8.)
Brown, antennae entirely fuscous, wings unicolorous, discal cell opening into
the third posterior cell, vein six and seven diverging 1o wing margin; mesono-
tum with a blackish hne each side.
cf, Length, 3.25 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
Head fuscous, front with a grayish bloom, palpi dark fuscous, antennae fus-
cous, bent back they reach to the insertion of the wings, two basal joints stout,
basal joints of flagellum nearly equal in thickness to the former, outer joints
gradually decreasing in thickness and clothed with a dense pubescence, the
length of which is nearly equal to the length of the respective joints, each joint
bearing one or more setae. Eyes widely separated above.
Thorax above and pleura with a fine, grayish bloom; mesonotum with a nar-
row, blackish line on each side and bearing a row of fine, pale hairs; these hnes
do not reach the transverse suture, but behind the latter there is an obhque
blackish line each side; some scattered hairs on scutellum and metanotum.
Leg.s slender, yeUowish-brown, coxae and femora towards the base, yellowish.
Halteres entirely pale yellow. Wings moderately wide, nearly hyaline with
a faint brownish tinge and a pearly lustre, pubescence fine, not dense and rather
short; stigma, or rather the entire second marginal cell, infuscate; the discal
cell opens into the third posterior cell, great cross vein at base of discal cell,
veins six and seven diverging to the wing margin, veins brown.
Abdomen reddish-brown, sparsely clothed with whitish hairs. Hy[)opygium
short, ferruginous with long yellow hairs, pleural lobes short, appendages
small, blackish, the ninth sternite prolonged into a narrowed, flattened process,
slightly widened distad and projecting somewhat beyond the lobes.
9, Length, 8.5 mm.; wing, 5 mm.
W. G. DIETZ 143
Brown with a reddish tinge; antennae shorter and more attenuate, pubes-
cence more sparse and of less length, the second joint distinctly thicker than
the first; the dark mesonotal lines are less distinct, hairs of mesonotum longer
and more conspicuous. Wings more brownish, pubescence longer and more
dense; the hairy vestiture of the abdomen is longer and denser posteriorly.
Ovipositor yellowish-red, upper valves curved, with an angular projection
each side at base.
Holotype: cf ; Holland, New York. May 25, 1911.
Allotype: 9 ; topotypic. Same date.
Paratypes : 3 females ; topotypic. Same date.
The nearest ally of this species is 0. deviata and from which it
is distinguished by its generally darker coloration, the meso-
notal lines and the darker wings. The construction of the hypo-
pygium is also very different. The specimens are in the collec-
tion of Mr. M. C. Van Duzee.
Ormosia deviata sp. n. (PI. X, figs. 9 and 9A.)
Brown; wings unicolorous, discal cell opens into the third posterior cell,
veins six and seven diverging to the wing margin.
cf , Length, 4 mm.; wing, 5.5 mm.
Head, palpi and antennae fuscous, the latter reach to the insertion of the
wings, the two basal joints moderately stout, flagellum slender, joints one to
five or six ovoidal, outer joints elongate, each joint with a whirl of long and
rather soft hairs, the latter being about two or three times the length of the
joint, no short pubescence noticeable, eyes widety separated above. Occiput
beset with long hairs.
Thorax reddish-brown, sides of collare and lateral margin of mesonotum
whitish, the latter with broad fuscous median stripe and scattered, short, fine
hairs; scutel and metanotum concolorous. Pleura yellowish-brown with
grayish bloom. Halteres pale, peduncle with a short, fine pubescence, club
partially infuscate. Legs yellowish-fuscous, coxae and femora towards the
base yellowish, outer tarsal joints fuscous. Wings moderately wide, gray-
ish, pubescence dense and rather long in apical part of wing and giving the
wing a pale fuscous appearance, region of stigma infuscate, the discal cell opens
into the third posterior cell, the subcostal cross vein very close to origin of the
praefurca, the posterior cross vein at the base of the discal cell, \-cins six and
seven diverging to the wing margin.
Abdomen fuscous, hairy vestiture pale, not dense and rather long on the
apical part of the abdomen. Hypopygium reddish-brown, pleurites long,
basal half yellowish-white, infuscate towards the apex; a pair of strong, curved
bristles, thickened towards the base, arise from the ninth tergite.
9, Length, 3.5 mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.
Does not differ in appearance from the male; antennae shorter and hairy
vestiture not quite so long; mesonotum rather yellowish-fuscous. Abdomen
clothed with fine, short pale pubescence, a few long hairs at the extremity.
Ovipositor reddish, upper valves — as usual in the genus — curved.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
144 NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA (dIPTERA)
Holotype: cf ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. April 15, 1914.
Allotype: 9 ; topotypie. August 25, 1914.
Paratypes: topotypie. May, June, October. Hamburg, New
York. May 26 (Coll. Van Duzee).
All the material with the exception of the last mentioned, in
author's collection. In appearance this species resembles 0.
rubella Osten Sacken in the color of the thorax, but the vitta of
the latter is less pronounced and broader, veins six and seven
diverging towards the wing margin and the hypopygium has a
very different construction. From the other species of Ormo-
sia with unicolorous wings, the discal cell opening into the third
posterior cell and veins six and seven diverging, it differs from
0. manicata and modica in the antennae being entirely fuscous
and from 0. hilineaia in the absence of a dark line on each side of
the mesonotum and the different formation of the hypopygium.
Ormosia divergens sp. n. (PI. X, fig. 10.)
Reddish-brown, antennae of male long, discal cell coalescing with the third
posterior cell, veins six and seven widely diverging, stigma faintly infuscate.
d^, Length, 3.25 mm.; wing, 4.75 mm.
Head fuscous, front and occiput with silvery gray bloom. Palpi and an-
tennae brown, the latter slender, basal two joints yellowish above, joints of
flagellum elongate, the first and second joints slightly, the following strongly
attenuated apically; joints one to eight of the antennae — the remainder miss-
ing— when bent back reach beyond the metathorax; basal joints of flagellum
beset with long hairs — the pubescence of the remaining joints probably
abraded. Eyes approximate above.
Thorax reddish-brown; collare pale yellowish; mesonotum with an ill-de-
fined and rather indistinct, darker median stripe, some pale, shorts scattered
hairs, the latter more evident behind the transverse suture and on the metano-
tum. Halteres pale, knob infuscate. Legs yellowish-brown, coxae and femora
towards the base, paler. Wings rather broad, hyaline with a pale brownish
tinge and having a bluish, pearly lustre in certain lights, pubescence sparse,
region of stigma'' shghtly infuscate; discal cell coalescing with the third pos-
terior cell, posterior cross vein at base of discal cell; veins six and seven widely
diverging towards the wing margin, vein seven short and nearly straight.
Segments one to four of abdomen yellowish-brown, margins darker, re-
maining segments brown, hairy vestiture short and scant. Hypopygium
ferruginous, densely covered with a long, yellow pile, pleurites short, tumid,
appendages slender and claw-like.
Holotype: cf ; Hazleton, Pennsylvania. July 5, 1910.
The type, a mutilated specimen, is in my collection; although
but eight joints of one antenna are left, there is no doubt that the
W. G. DIETZ 145
entire organ equals at least the length of the body. In appear-
ance this species resembles most nearly 0. monticola Osten
Sacken, but is at once distinguished from it, and all others with
greatly elongated antennae in the male, by veins six and seven
being widely divergent and also by the greater width of the wings.
Ormosia taeniocera sp. n. (PI. X, fig. 11.)
Fuscous, antennae of male, approximately the length of the body, joints of
fiageJlum of nearly equal thickness throughout; discal cell coalescing with
the third posterior cell, veins six and seven subparallel, stigma distinct.
d^, Length, 3 mm.; wing, 4.5 mm.
Head, palpi and antennae dark fuscous; antennae about as long as the body,
the two basal joints rather short and thick, flagellum densely pubescent, no
setae, segments of nearly equal thickness, very httle narrowed at each end.
Eyes large, closely approximate above.
Thorax dark fuscous; coUare pale yellow on each side; mesonotum with a
grayish bloom, without stripes, some scattered pale hairs. Halteres sordid
white, knob partially fuscous. Legs fuscous, coxae light brown, tarsi dark
brown, the latter and tibiae clothed with short hair. Wings with a brownish
tinge, pubescense dense and rather long, the discal ceU coalescing with the
third posterior cell; veins six and seven subparallel, the large cross vein at base
of discal cell; stigma distinct.
Abdomen fuscous, with pale, long pile. Hypopygium concolorous, some-
what shining, hairy, pleurites short, appendages short, curved, the ninth
sternite prolonged into a spatulate process.
Holotype: cf ; Sonoma Co., California. February, 1915 (Au
gust Kusche — collector.)
A single specimen, the type, in the author's collection. From
the other species of Ormosia with greatly elongate antennae in
the male, the present species is distinguished by the segments of
the antennal flagellum not being attenuated apically. In the
prolongation of the ninth sternite in the male, it resembles 0.
modica and hilineata.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
146 NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA (dIPTERA)
EXPLANATION OF PLATE X
In the drawings of the hypopygia, the hairy vestiture has been omitted.
Fig. 1. — Hypopygiuni of Ormosia atriceps spec. n. Ventral aspect.
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
Fig
2. — Hypopygium of Ormosia atriceps spec. n. Lateral aspect.
3. — ^Hypopygium of Ormosia ahnormis, spec. n. Ventral aspect.
4. — Hypopygium of Ormosia luteola spec. n. Dorsal aspect.
5. — Hypopygium of Orinosia pilosa spec. n. Ventral aspect.
6. — -Hypopygium of Ormosia palpalis spec. n. Dorsal aspect.
7. — Hypopygium of Ormosia modica spec. n. Dorsal aspect.
7A. — Hypopygium of Ormosia modica spec. n. Lateral aspect.
8. — Hypopygium of Ormosia bilineata spec. n. Lateral aspect.
9. — Hypopygium of Ormosia deviata spec. n. Dorsal aspect (dorsal
setae omitted).
9A. — Hypopygium of Ormosia deviata spec. n. Lateral aspect.
10. — Hypopygium of Ormosia divergens spec. n. Dorsal aspect.
IL — Hypopygium of Ormosia taeniocera spec. n. Lateral aspect.
MORGAN HEBARD 147
A NEW GENUS, CARIBLATTA, OF THE GROUP BLAT-
TELLITES (ORTHOPTERA, BLATTIDAE)
BY MORGAN HEBARD
Among the various well defined groups formerly treated under
the generic name Phyllodromia Serville, {Blattella Caudell sens,
lat.), we find one clearly marked, composed of diminutive species
occurring in the West Indies, Trinidad, Panama and the south-
eastern United States. Certain of the species have been de-
scribed under the generic name Blatta, these being later referred
to Phyllodromia, as has been one synonymous name originally
placed in Theganopteryx (Pseudectohia), while still another was
described as, and has for quite a few years been erroneously con-
sidered, a member of the genus Ceratinoptera.
So little constructive work had been done in the classification of
the group Blattellites, that the true relationship of these species
only became apparent to us when extensive collections from the
West Indies and Trinidad came into our hands for study.
With the material now in hand, we are able to assign this group,
which we find it necessary to describe as a new genus, to its
proper position, and we are also obliged to describe six species
and one geographic race which were previously unknown or
unrecognized.
CARIBLATTA 1 new genus
Genotype.— CanfcZa^^a punciulata [Blatta punctulata] (Bcau-
vois) .
This genus is a member of the group Blattellites, there forming
one of the groups of species to which Shelford has hastily applied
^ This name is chosen since the greater number of the fornis of the present
complex would appear to be found in the regions in which the Carib Indiana
were native.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
148 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
the name Neohlattellar In position it ioWows Blattella and comes
before NeoblatteUa as here restricted.^
Generic Description. — Size small to very small, form moderately-
slender to distinctly slender for the group. Sexes showing but
little difference in size or form. Head with eyes normally
separated by distinctly more than their exceptional depth, this
slightly more pronounced in the female sex; the entire contour
of face convex, the area between the eyes and between the
ocellar spots (in some genera of the group decidedly flattened)
very weakly defined, weakly flattened; below this the face is
somewhat pinched and transversely convex mesad, the remaining
lower portions weakly transversely convex, the lateral margins
below the eyes slightly convergent ventrad (in NeoblatteUa these
margins are in most cases more nearly parallel, the face in conse-
quence being proportionately slightly broader at the clypeal
suture). Maxillary palpi with first two joints mere knobs, third
and fourth joints very long and slender, fifth (distal) joint dis-
tinctly shorter than fourth joint, distinctly enlarged and obliquely
truncate to near its base. Pronotum with dorsal surface weakly
convex; cephalic margin narrower and less distinctly truncate
than caudal margin; lateral margins convex; point of greatest
width meso-caudad. Disk of pronotum rotundato-octagonal
with angles blunted; remaining marginal portions transparent,
these broad laterad. Abdomen of males with dorsum not
strikingly specialized. Tegmina, in normal fully developed
condition (changes due to reduction occur in tegmina and wings
2 Ent. Month. Mag., 2d ser. xxii, p. 155, (1911).
' We here restrict the genus NeoblatteUa to the forms more closely agreeing
with the genotype, N. adsperdcoUis (Stal). These differ from the species of
Cariblatta in size, which is medium small to large; proportionately wider head
at clypeal suture; number of longitudinal discoidal sectors of the tegmina,
which are normally always more than five (this count including the median
vein, all its Ijranches and the ulnar vein), and three or more spines on the
ventro-caudal margin of the cejihalic femora (not counting the distal spine).
Closely related, these two genera in a way are comparable with the genera
Orchelimum and Conocephalus in that they form two definite and easily recog-
nized units which, however, are most difficult to diagnose in that they "differ
not in one or several invariable characters, but instead may be distinguished
by combinations of characters and a general comi)lex not found in the other
genus." All of the species of the present genus are decidedly smaller than the
smallest species of NcoUatlella, which species, N. fratrrcula, Ilebard (Ent.
News, xxvii, p. 159, (1916) ) shows the closest approach in that genus to the
present complex, as here C. insularis does to that genus.
MORGAN HEBARD 149
in C. lutea as discussed under that species), moderately broad
with costal and sutural margins straight and in greater part sub-
parallel; scapular area very broad; discoidal sectors (except in
insularis and possibly in punctipennis) normally five in number
(this including the median vein and its branches and the ulnar
vein); diagonal channel of dextral tegmen (diagonal vein of au-
thors) pronounced in anal field, extending to discoidal vein and
occasionally traceable beyond among the costal veins; portion of
dextral tegmen, which is concealed when at rest, less suffused and
with cross-veinlets more distinct than in other portions of the
organ. Wings weakly to distinctly iridescent (except in imitans) ;
a number of costal veins strongly and briefly clubbed distad;
ulnar and axillary vein branched; intercalated triangle small but
evident. Supra-anal plate in both sexes very small and strongly
transverse. Cerci elongate, flattened; with lateral margin of
each segment narrowly deplanate and with this margin weakly
convex in lateral outline; segments normally ten in number and
well defined, the last three decreasing rapidly in size, the last
segment being minute and cylindrical. Subgenital plate of males
moderately large, in the majority of species symmetrical but in
some very strongly asymmetrical. Subgenital plate of females
very large, decidedly produced mesad. Cephalic femora slender
with ventro-cephalic margin supplied proximad with (usually
four) long, widely spaced spines the more distal shortest, succeeded
distad by a more closely set row of shorter spines terminated by
two long spines; ventro-caudal margin with two widely spaced
long spines meso-distad and a single long distal spine. Other
femora supplied distad with a long dorsal spine and single shorter
distal spines on each of the ventral margins, which margins are
further supplied with a few long spines. ]\Ioderately well de-
veloped arolia present.
Generic Distribution.— The genus is known from the south-
eastern United States, the Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Little
Cayman Island, Antigua, Dominica, Barbados, Trinidad and
Panama. It is not represented in large series of material before
us from continental tropical North America north of Panama.
Environmental Notes. — In the southeastern United States we
have found C. lutea widely distributed among the dead leaves,
pine needles and grasses in the forest, and also in the open under
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII,
150 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
debris of every kind. The tropical species of the present genus
found by the author, in most cases inhabited preferably the
heavy forest, where numbers were discovered among the loose
leaves resting on the leaf mould on the ground, in dead agaves
and in the bromeliads on the branches of the trees. Of the
material collected, it is interesting to note that C. insularis was
found to be the most numerous Orthopterous insect in the brome-
liads growing on the branches of the trees at Montego Bay,
Jamaica. In an area of a few feet of leaves and leaf mould in
the hillside forest at Stony Hill, Jamaica, which was minutely
examined, series of C. reticulosa and C. cuprea and a number
of specimens of C. punctulata were secured; these species of the
present genus forming a large proportion of the Orthopteran life
there found. These diminutive insects ran about with great
speed and took wing readily, though usually flying but short
distances. When in flight, they appeared very much like small
brownish moths. The series of C. imitans was secured at Corozal,
Panama, also in the dead dry leaves and leaf mould of the jungle.
Material of C. punctulata, however, was secured both in Cuba
and Jamaica, under various rubbish in fields of short grass, the
species appearing to be widely distributed in the open as well as
in the forest.
Structural Characters. — The species are decidedly similar in
many structural features. Slight size variation is found within
individual species (except in punctulata and lutea), but all of the
species show only slight differences from each other in this feature.
In form the species are constant, and appreciable differences in
this character are found between some. The head is the same
throughout the genus, the maxillary palpi alone showing slightly
different degrees of attenuation in different species, but in occa-
sional individuals these appendages are deformed, on one side or
both, and the character is in consequence dangerous to rely upon
when determining single specimens. The male genitalia, but
particularly the subgenital plate and its appendages, furnish
strikingly different characters in the majority of the species and
show hardly any variation, (only in punctulata arc distinct
individual differences found as discussed on p. KK), footnote 16).
The female genitalia offer much less striking differences; in but a
few species showing slight differences, in the degree of mesal
emargination of the supra-anal plate and of the production of
MORGAN HEBARD 151
the subgenital plate, which appear to be of diagnostic value.
The Hmbs and armament of the same are not variable and agree
in all the species.
Color Characters. — In the species of the genus, the coloration
is decidedly constant, minor differences are found due wholly to
recession and intensification (in punctulata alone such differences
being in some series very decided). The head markings, though
showing a similar type in many species, show features of real
diagnostic importance in several and of marked distinction in
two, craticula and insularis. This is likewise true for the pro-
notal markings, the most distinctive species in this respect being
reticulosa. The tegmina and wings show very slight differences
for the majority of species, but in two, punctipennis and insularis,
show striking features of excellent diagnostic value. The mark-
ings of the ventral surface of the abdomen are also diagnostically
useful in some species, but recession and intensification appears
to be particularly marked in these features and in consequence,
in several species normally well marked, these markings are
occasionally found unusually pronounced or entirely absent.
Tegminal Venation. — The number of longitudinal discoida!
sectors is, in the normal fully developed condition (under lutea
are discussed the various differences there found, due to reduction
in tegmina and wings), normally five^ in the majority of the
species; variation sometimes occurs and we have examples of
punctulata showing but four of these sectors, while the few exam-
ples of punctipennis show five, six or seven and insularis shows
the same range, the number being less often five than otherwise.
Wing Venation. — The wings show few and usually unimportant
specific diagnostic features. The degree of iridescence and
coloration of the veins and particularly of the distal cross veinlets
are of some importance in separating certain species and appear
to show little variation. The ulnar vein shows in the majority
of species normally two distinct rami, but in a number of species
as many as four rami occur, two of these usually being decidedly
^ In NeoblaUella, the great majority of the species sliow more of these sectors.
In considerable series before us, we find in the species of the adsperdcollis
(genotype) complex an average of ten, in the detersn complex eight, while in
the complex showing nearest approach to the present genus we find brunmriana
with five to seven and fratercula six. As the number of veins increase, greater
variation in their number appears to occur.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
152
GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
distal in position; individual variation is so great that in specific
diagnoses this feature is best omitted. The same is true for the
axillary vein; in addition to a number of the free veins of the
axillary field, which frequently spring from this vein near its base,
it is found to have three, very rarely four, rami; the rami spring
from the vein normally caudad, very rarely cephalad and some-
times both divisions of the rami diverge equally, or one of the
rami itself again divides.
Specific Groups. — The relationship of the forms of the present
genus can be best expressed diagrammatically as shown below.
reticulosa.
(W.IA
(S.A.)
punctulata.
cra.t icula
t
lutea. Iute2k
lute& minima
cuprea
■ punctipennis
• insularis
f ossicauda
■aedicula+a
imitans
The genus divides into three distinct groups, of which the first
and second may be termed the West Indian complex and the
third the South American. The West Indian complex, excepting
the single species of group two, shows the ulnar vein of the wings
with but one or two conspicuous rami, though other rami may
occur distad; all have more or less distinctive features of color-
ation; reticulosa, punctulata, craticula and insularis are the more
slender forms. The second group includes the single species,
insularis; distinctive in general appearance, in the unusual pro-
notal marking, in the tegminal markings and in the remarkable
male genitalia. The ulnar vein of the wings has more than one
or two conspicuous rami. The South American forms, excepting
fossicauda, have the ulnar vein of the wings with several rami;
all are inconspicuously colored; none are as slender as punctulata.
MORGAN HEBARD 153
The male subgenital plate shows a most remarkable diversity
in its development; the species reticulosa, insularis, fossicauda,
aediculata and imitans each showing an utterly different type.
Key to Males of the Species Based Primarily on Genital
Characters '"
A. Subgenital plate symmetrical.
B. Subgenital plate with two appendages (styles).
C. Styles specialized.
D. Styles represented by rounded knoljs with dorsal surface thickly
covered with minute chitinous spines.
E. Tegmina and wings fully developed."
F. Subgenital plate moderately produced. Styles separated by a
broad space.
G. Pronotum and tegmina with heavy lateral bands of dark
brown. (Form decidedly slender. Median portion of distal
margin of subgenital plate scarcelj' produced.)
reticulosa (Walker)
GG. Pronotum and tegmina without lateral bands.
H. Disk of pronotum buffy with an olive tinge, normally
finely pictured. Form rather slender. (Median portion of
distal margin of subgenital plate variable but never elongate
attenuate produced.) punctulata (Bcauvois)
HH. Disk of pronotum ochraceous tawny, immaculate except
for two dark dots. Form less slender. (Median portion of
distal margin of subgenital plate scarcely produced.)
cuprea new species
FF. Subgenital plate decidedl}- produced (median portion of distal
margin very elongate attenuate produced). Styles separated by a
very narrow space. craticula new species
EE. Tegmina and wings not fully developed (accompanied by a
distinct broadening of the pronotum and a lessening in the convexity
of the caudal margin of the same^).
^ Other features are given only where the genitaha are of similar type and
do not afford sufficient differences to separate readily certain of the species.
As the male of pundipennis is unknown, that species is omitted from the present
key.
^ Slight reduction is found in a single female specimen of punclulala from
the Bahamas. The tegmina and wings in this si)ecimon reach only 1 mm.
beyond the apex of the supra-anal plate. In no female of the large scries of
the species of the alternate category, lutea, do the tegmina extend beyond the
apex of the supra-anal plate.
^ This interesting feature is discussed on page IGG, footnote 23.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XHI.
154 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
F. Median portion of distal margin of subgenital plate very broadly
rectangulate produced. Tegmina and wings normally moderately
reduced.^ Average size larger.^
lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner)
FF. Median portion of distal margin of subgenital plate small,
subquadrate, very slightly longer than wide. Tegmina decidedly
reduced, wings vestigial. Average size smaller.
lutea minima new subspecies
DD. Sinistral style represented by a curved chitinous spine; dextral
style a rounded knob with dorsal surface thickly covered with minute
chitinous hairs. (Distal margin of subgenital plate very strongly
raised laterad with styles set very deeply within the cleft between lateral
portions and median portion, which later projects outward with truncate
distal margin raised.) insular'is (Walker)
CC. Styles simple. (Distal margin of subgenital plate but little raised
laterad, briefly notched at base of styles.) imitans new species
BB. Subgenital plate with four appendages (simple styles and accessory
knobs with dorsal surface covered with minute chitinous spines, these
situated at base of cerci). (Subgenital plate with very broad median por-
tion of distal margin having acute-angulate divergent projections.)
aediculata new species
AA. Subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical (sinistrad strongly but narrowly
produced with lateral margins parallel and ventral surface transversely convex;
adjacent dextrad is a similar decidedly shorter projection with margins con-
vergent: within these projections are concealed greatly speciahzed styles,
sinistral a thin circular disk with free margin clothed with microscopic chitinous
spines, dextral a rounded knob with dorsal smiace supplied with minute
chitinous spines). fossicauda new species
Key to the Species Based on Diagnostic Characters of Coloration
Many features of coloration and particularly of color pattern,
serve in the present group to distinguish readily many of the
species. Use of such characters in the study of material can only
lead to mistakes, unless the effect of recession and intensification
in the color pattern and coloration is thoroughly understood.
^ In the female the tegn:>ina and wings are normally more decidedly reduced,
while in that sex the wings are found to be vestigial in occasional specimens
from the southeastern portion of the distribution of typical lutea. In addition,
the female is found to average shghtly larger and more robust than the male;
these features result in a greater contrast between the sexes in typical hdea,
and to a lesser degree in lutea minima, than in any other species of the genus.
8 Nearest relationship is found to punclulata. In addition to the features
here given, we would add that the buffy general coloration in lutea is always
more or less tinged witli cinnamon, while the buffy coloration in pundulata is
instead tinged to varying degrees with olivaceous.
MORGAN HEBARD 155
Thus in every species, but particularly in those normally showing
weak or very delicate markings, individuals of the maximum
recessive condition will show faintly, or wholly lack, features
usually recognizable with the greatest ease and which, when
present, are frequently of real diagnostic value. Similarly, in
the maximum of intensification, the darker and increased size
of the markings often give such examples an extraordinary ap-
pearance. A goodly number of synonymic names are based
upon just such misconceptions of the intra-specific range of
coloration, but such mistakes need not occur in future and many
characters of coloration and particularly of color pattern, will be
found distinctly useful if the conditions discussed above are
taken into consideration.
A. Tegmina without distinct dots.
B. Various distinctive features of color pattern or coloration present, ven-
tral surface of abdomen frequent I3' variously maculate.
C. Tegmina distinctively marked.
D. Tegmina with heavy elongate suffused band of mummy brown from
base of discoidal vein to about two-thirds the distance to its apex.
Pronotum with heavy paired blackish brown bands expanding and
diverging shghtly caudad, running from cephaUc margin to caudal
margin of pronotum through lateral borders of disk. Head with normal
markings.!" rteticulosa (Walker)
DD. Tegmina with two small elongate maculations of bister, one at
base of anal vein and one slightlj- distad of this point on discoidal vein.
Pronotal markings of normal type, disk finely pictured. Head with
distinctive markings. insularis (Walker)
CC. Tegmina immaculate, or weakh- marked (only in intensive phases
of punctulata).
D. General color of disk of pronotum buffy, very finely pictured, this
picturing normally strongly defined.
E. Head with markings variable (see pages 161 and 167), transverse
bands when present on face always concave.
F. Buffy general coloration always tinged to varying degrees with
olivaceous. punctulata (Beauvois)
FF. Buffy general coloration always linged to varying degrees
with cinnamon. lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner)
lutea minima new subspecies
^° We term the character of cephalic markings found in this species normal,
as this condition is found in reiiculosa,fossicau(i(i and aediculata, in the intensive
condition of punctulata and weakly suggested in cuprea. A broad band ventrad
between the eyes, a narrower concave band between the ocellar spots and
below on the face two still narrower, sometimes mesally interrupted, concave
bands.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
156 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
EE. Head with di.stinct transverse bands on face narrow and always
straight. craticula new species
DD. General color of disk of pronotum ochraceous tawny, immaculate
except for two rather widely separated dark dots. (Head very ob-
scurely marked.) cuprea new species
BB. Distinctive features of coloration and color pattern not present, except
that ventral surface of abdomen has a proximo-median suffusion of dark
brown. (General coloration uniform warm buff. Head showing normal
markings weakly or distinctly defined — (see footnote 10) . Disk of pronotum
obscurely or very finely pictured.)
C. Normal markings of head distinct. Disk of pronotum very finely
pictured. (Cross-veinlets of tegmina and wings moderately well defined
in darker brown.)
D. Proximo-median suffusion of ventral surface of al^domen usually
less extensive, in male sometimes almost disappearing.
fossicauda new species
DD. Proximo-median suffusion of ventral surface of abdomen usually
conspicuous, in male often forming a suffused but extended medio-longi-
tudinal dark band, in female often represented by an extensive dark
blotch sometimes reaching as far as base of subgenital plate.
aediculata new species
CC. Normal markings of head weakly defined. Disk of pronotum ob-
scurely pictured. (Cross-veinlets of tegmina and wings well defined in
darker brown. Proximo-median suffusion of abdomen weakly indicated
or subobsolete.) imitans new species
AA. Tegmina with minute, scattered, distinct dots of dark brown. (Disk of
pronotum buffy with a few or numerous slightly darker brown dots. Head
immaculate or with very obscure suffusions of slightly darker shade.)
punctipennis new species
Speci7nens Examined. — The total number of specimens listed
in the present paper is 333, of which 206 examples are in the
Philadelphia collections. We wish to express our hearty thanks
to Mr. Wm. T. Davis and to the curators of the collections of the
United States National Museum, American Museum of Natural
History, Museum of Comparative Zoology and Brooklyn Insti-
tute of Arts and Sciences, for the privilege of studying all of the
material in those collections referable to the present genus." We
have been unable to examine the types of the four previously
described species, but we have had before us series of topotypic
specimens of each of these, which agree fully with the original
descriptions.
11 The material from Porto Rico, excepting those specimens from the Na-
tional Museum, was secured in connection with the New York Academy-
Porto Ri('0 Survey. The first set of this material is in cverj^ case the property
of the American Museum of Natural History.
MORGAN HEBARD 157
Cariblatta reticulosa (Walker) (PI. XI, fig. 1; PI. XII, figs. 1 to 3.)
1868. Blatta reticulosa Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 103. [cf, Jamaica.]
This beautiful species is the most strikingly colored member
of the genus. Nearest relationship is shown to C. punctulata,
the present insect differing from that species mainly in the very
distinctive color pattern and coloration. The genitalia of the
two species are similar, showing only in the male subgenital
plate slight differences of degree.
The following features are found in a pair from Stony Hill,
Jamaica. cT. Size small, form slender. Cross- veins between
discoidal sectors of tegmina very heavy; in the area of the dex-
tral tegmen which is concealed when at rest, being as pronounced
as the sectors themselves. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly
transverse, very weakly produced, with distal margin very
broadly convex. Subgenital plate much as in C. punctulata, but
with lateral portions not as much upturned and style sockets on
distal margin less decided, represented by very weak nicks in the
distal margin, these are also slightly more widely separated, the
space between them transverse and representing a full third
of the distal margin; styles as in punctulata.
9 • Agrees with male except in the following features. Supra-
anal plate very small, strongly transverse, weakly produced with
distal margin broadly convex. Subgenital plate large, scoop-
shaped, as in punctulata.
Measurements (mi jyiiUimeters)
&
.2-3
il
:2 >>
^ "
■5 E
M ■zii
Aibonito, Porto Rico.
.(1)
8.6
2
2.7
9.7
2.7
Stony Hill, Jamaica. .
.(2)
6.8-7,
.3
1.8-1,
.9
2,
.7-2.
8
8
.4-8.7
2.4-2
9
Stony Hill, Jamaica. .
.(5)
7.6-7.
S
1.9-2
2
.7-2
,8
8
.4-8.7
2.3-2
Though this small series shows some size variation, the colora-
tion is very constant.
12 The body length of males and females of the present group is not wholly
comparable; the female subgenital plate in the present genus is without excep-
tion distinctly more produced, this dimension consequently showing a greater
difference in the se.xes than is true for their relative size of body.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
158 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
Coloration. — Head showing the normal color pattern, (see page-
155, footnote 10); ocellar spots located in pale area and, in conse-
quence, usually inconspicuous. Pronotum with lateral margins
transparent with a very weak brownish suffusion; from the
cephalic to the caudal margin run two blackish brown bands
which, weakly diverging caudad, occupy the lateral margins of
the disk, these bands briefly invade the mesal portion of the
disk, which is clear light buff, immaculate except for a pair of
exceedingly slender pencilled lines of dark brown. At the caudal
margin of the disk the dark lateral bands spread out forming
pyramids of that color, the apices of which are lost cephalad in
the bands and the bases of which fuse mesad on the caudal margin.
Tegmina transparent tinged with brownish; a heavy elongate
suffused band of mummy brown extending from the base of the
discoidal vein usually two-thirds the distance to its distal ex-
tremity; the entire area occupied by the discoidal sectors suffused
with mummy brown, these sectors and the numerous cross-
veinlets strongly defined in this color. Wings transparent with
a dark suffusion, strongly iridescent; veins and cross-veinlets
conspicuously dark brown, excepting area of enlarged portions
of costal veins which is conspicuously buff. Limbs and under-
parts cinnamon buff, the abdomen slightly suffused mesad and
laterad with brown, this suffusion shining blackish brown and
more decided in the females, in that sex spreading out over the
greater portion of the subgenital plate. The limbs at the bases
of the heavier spines are usually heavily flecked with dark brown.
Specimens Examined: 8; 3 males, 5 females.
Aibonito, Porto Rico, VII, 14 to 17, 1914, (H. G. Barber), IcT, [Am Mus.
Nat. Hist.].
Stony Hill, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hehard; in leaves on
leaf mould in hillside forest), 2cf, 5 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois) (PI. XI, figs. 2 and 3; PI. XII, figs. 4
to 8; PI. XIII, figs. 1 and 2.)
1805. Blatta punctulata Beauvois, Ins. Rec. Afr. Amer., p. 184, Orth. pi. lb,
fig. 8. [San Domingo.]
1857. Blatta {Phyllodromia) dclicalula Cueriii, in Ramon de la Sagra, Hist
Cul)a, Ins., p. 346. [Cuba.]
It is not surprising that the present species was redescribed by
Guerin, there appearing the most complete description of the
MORGAN HEBARD 159
insect. The description of Beauvois is wholly superficial and his
figure lacks all indication that it is enlarged, a feature explained
by that author, who in his introduction states that all the speci-
mens are drawn an inch long, lines giving the natural size being
placed beside the enlarged figures, a feature omitted by accident
on plate lb. This has been noted and the synonymy first
established by Rehn.^^
The present species is apparently the most widely distributed
of the genus. Nearest relationship is shown to C. reticulosa,
though the general appearance of the present insect is far less
distinctive.
The following features are as found in a pair from the San
Francisco Mountains, San Domingo, d^ . Size small, form
slender. As in the other species of the group, the eyes are
normally separated by distinctly more than the ocular depth,
this usually a little, occasionally about one third, less than
the width between the antennal sockets (one large male from
Mayaguez, P. R., shows excessive variation in having the inter-
ocular space scarcely more than half the ocular width). Cross-
veinlets betweea discoidal sectors of tegmina numerous but in-
conspicuous. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse,
very weakly produced with distal margin very broadly convex.
Concealed genitalia : ^^ sinistrad is situated a very thin spatulate
chitinous projection, from the apex of which springs a very slender
elongate chitinous process directed sinistro-caudad and then
curving at its middle very sharply dextrad with immediate apex
showing a minute bulb. Subgenital plate moderately produced,
lateral portions raised, weakly convex to mesal fourth of distal
margin, the lateral margins each comprehending about three-
eighths of the total margin and terminated on each side by a brief
concavity, in which emargination is situated a small rounded
knob, slightly longer than wide, with dorsal surface heavily
" Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxii, p. 109, (1906).
" We have been unable to consider fully the concealed male genitalia for the
species of the present genus, as the insects are so small and dehcate and in
many cases represented in collections by so few specimens that it would often
be impossible to examine these parts without destroying important material.
In many groups these features are of the utmost importance in distinguishing
species which might be easily confused, but in the present complex the species
can be satisfactorily determined without this aid.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
160 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
clothed with minute chitinous spines directed inward ; ^' between
these specialized styles the median portion, slightly less than a
third of the distal margin, is straight or weakly produced. ^"^
9 . Agrees with the male except in the following features.
Form very slightly less slender. Supra-anal plate very small,
strongly transverse, weakly produced with distal margin broadly
convex but showing a short though marked median concavity.
Subgenital plate large, scoop-shaped, distal margin proximo-
laterad distinctly convex, then weakly and broadly concave at
base of cercus, thence weakly convex to the rather decidedly
produced apex, the margin of which is broadly rounded but the
plate at this point slightly pinched.
Measurements {in millimeters)
•w a
o S
fciS o o*= 'o-'^ OH "Si:^
c: £ USTZ Mg ^9 MM «5MI
Cayamas, Cuba (4) 6.6-7.8 1.7-1.9 2.4-2.5 7.4-8.6 2.1-2.4
San Francisco Mts.,
San Domingo (6) 7-7.8 1.8-2 2.6-2.7 8-8.9 2.3-2.6
Rio Piedras, Porto Rico (1) 7 1.8 2.4 ■ 7.4 2
Mayaguez, Porto Rico (2) 7.6-8.1 2-2.1 2.7-2.8 7.2-8.9 2.3-2.7
Stony Hill, Jamaica. .. (1) 7.3 1.9 2.4 8 2.3
Montego Bay, Jamaica (6) 7.4-7.6 1.8-1.9 2.3-2.4 7.2-7.4 2.1-2.2
'^ A single male in this series, typical in other respects, has a large proportion
of these spines apparently fused into one much longer and stouter spine.
This condition may indicate the manner in which the extraordinary sinistral
style in C. insularis has been evolved.
^^ In the series from San Domingo this is perfectly transverse; those from
Hayti and Cuba have it more or less asymmetrical and weakly produced to
varying degrees; in those from Jamaica it is more produced, constituting a
brief truncate lobe, while in the males from Porto Rico, those from Mayaguez,
Ad juntas and Coamo have a minute median production longer than wide, the
one from Mayaguez has the median space narrower but the production larger,
while those from Manati and Rio Piedras have the median portion of the plate
very unusually asymmetrical, large and decidedly projecting, terminating in an
acute dextral apex. From this evidence it is clear that frequently variation in
this feature occurs in the present species, apparently partially geographic in
character but showing much too great instabiUty to afford grounds for nominal
recognition of any sort.
MORGAN HEBARD 161
'^ a
-S >• s a j3 e
9 3iK oi-^ S~ C" o*- 'C-
2 1-1 ^ ^ H-; ^
Nassau, Bahamas ... . (2) 6.6-8.6 2-2.3 2.7-3.2 6.4-9 2.2-2.8
Cayamas, Cuba (3) 7.7-8.2 2-2.1 2.7-3 7.9-9.3 2.4-2.8
Little Cayman Island . (3) 8.1-8.2 1.9-2.1 2.6-2.8 7.8-8.3 2.3-2.6
San Francisco Mts.,
San Domingo (11)7.3-7.7 1.9-2.2 2,6-3 8.3-8.6 2.4-2.7
Stony Hill, Jamaica. .. (3) 7.7-8.6 1.9-2 2.7-2.9 8.6-8,9 2.3-2.4
Montego Bay, Jamaica (1) 6.8 1.9 2.6 6.7 2.2
This series indicates clearly that the size variation in the
species, sometimes particularly pronounced in the organs of
flight, is due rather to local environmental conditions than to
geographic distribution.
The species shows greater variation than is usual in the species
of the present genus, particularly in size, interocular width and
in certain features of the genitalia of both sexes. It would seem
that very frequently in the Orthoptera, the apparently most
widely distributed and most abundant species in a genus shows
the greatest variability in that complex, as we find to be true in
the present case.
Ootheca. — From a female from Montego Bay, Jamaica, with
ootheca projecting, it is evident that this is carried wdth suture
dorsad. Other oothecae of the species from Cayamas, Cuba, are
5.3 to 5.8 mm. in length, by 2.4 mm. in width; the dorsal and ven-
tral margins are parallel and very slightly curved, the dorsal
(suture) being slightly convex with numerous regularly placed
minute knob-like projections; the extremities are both slightly
concave and weakly produced dorsad, this somewhat greater at
the proximal extremity. From one of these oothecae has
emerged a Hymenopterous parasite, identified as Hyptia sp., by
Ashmead.
Coloration. — Head cinnamon buff with a broad transverse
band of bister ventrad between the eyes, ocellar spots normally
located in a pale area and, in consequence, inconspicuous; below,
the face is sometimes immaculate, sometimes a few flecks of
darker color are apparent, while in individuals of the maximum
intensive coloration three nearly equidistant, distinct, narrow
and weakly concave transverse bands of the darker color are
found: in some Porto Rican specimens of great intensive colora-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
162 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
tion dark markings occur dorsad on the vertex and dark blotches
break the dorsal facial bands, of which the dorsal is the widest;
while in one from San Domingo, a condition somewhat resem-
bling the normal type in C. insularis is found. Pronotum with
lateral margins transparent with a very weak brownish suffusion;
disk buffy washed with saccardo's umber with a very fine pictur-
ing of bister.^ ^ Tegmina transparent tinged with brownish, the
veins translucent saccardo's umber.'^ The dorsal portions of the
insect, as a result, appearing diaphanous but in general shaded
with saccardo's umber. Wings transparent, hyaline, moderately
iridescent; veins translucent brownish. Abdomen clay color be-
low, with a broad medio-longitudinal band and on each side a
narrower submarginal band of blackish brown, which bands
extend only to the base of the subgenital plate. ^^ Limbs cinna-
mon buff, frequently flecked at the bases of the heavier spines
with dark brown.
Specimens Examined: 68; 31 males, 34 females and 3 immature specimens.
Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas, (G. P. Englehardt), 2 ?,
[Bklyn. Inst, and Hebard Cln.].
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, V, IS, (Palmer and Riley), 1 cf , 1 9, [U. S.
N. M.].
Pinar del Rio, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 9 to 24, 1913, (F. E. Lutz; at light),
1 9, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Cabanas, Havana, Cuba, I, 29, 1904, (Hebard; debris in short grasses in
open), 1 rf', [A. N. S. P.].
Jesiis del Monte, Havana, Cuba, I, 23, 1904, (Hebard; debris in short grasses
in open), 2 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Cayamas, Oriente, Cuba, III, 2 to XII, 23, (E. A. Schwarz), 4 cf , 3 9, [U.
S. N. M. and Hebard Cln.].
1^ Specimens in the maximum recessive coloration show only traces of these
markings. In the series before us every gradation from this condition to the
maximum of intensive coloration, in which the picturing is very strongly and
sharply defined, is found. In the material from Hayti and Little Cayman
Island and numerous specimens from Cuba and Jamaica, distinctly recessive
coloration is shown, the maximum of this being found in a few Cuban spec-
imens. The series from San Domingo and Porto Rico average rather intensive
in coloration. These differences would appear to be due wholly to local
environmental conditions.
18 Occasional individuals have the anal vein of the tegmina slightly suffused
with a darker brown, while in a few specimens from Cuba the tegmina have a
few microscopic dots, very much smaller but of the same character as those
found in C. pundipennis (see p. 174).
18 In specimens of recessive coloration, the median band is no wider than the
submarginal bands; in some females of intensive coloration, the subgenital
plate is heavily marked mesad with blackish brown.
MORGAN HEBARD 163
Little Cayman Island, III to IV, 1888, 3 9 , [M. C. Z. and Hehard Cln.].
Hayti, (P. R. Uhler), 2 cf , [M. C. Z.j.
San Lorenzo, San Domingo, VI, 27 to 29, 1915, (F. E. Watson; at night
on royal and cocoanut palms), Id',! 9 , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo, IX, 1905, (A. Busck), 6 c/', 12 9,
[U. S. N. M.].
Sanchez, San Domingo, VI, 7 to 12, 1915, (F. E. Watson), 1 9, [.\m. Mus.
Nat. Hist.].
Mayaguez, Porto Rico, I, 1899, (A. Busck), 1 9, [U. S. N. M.]; VI, 21 to
23, 1915, (Lutz and Alutchler; at light), 1 cT, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Adjuntas, Aguadilla, Porto Rico, VI, S to 13, 1915, (F. E. Lutz; beating),
1 (^,2 9,1 juv., [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Manati, San Juan, Porto Rico, VI, 27 to 29, 1915, (Lutz and Mutchler; at
automobile headlights), 3 cT, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Baiios de Coamo, Ponce, Porto Rico, VI, 5 to 7, IX, XII, 27, 1914 and 15,
(Crampton, Mutchler and S. Morgan), 1 d',2 9, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Rio Piedras, Humacao, Porto Rico, XII, 18, 1911, 1 cf , [U. S. N. M.].
Stony Hill, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hebard; in leaves on
leaf mould in hillside forest), 1 cf , 3 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Rio Cobre near Bogwalk, St. Catharine Parish, Jamaica, X, 25,
1913, (Hebard; in leaves on leaf mould in hillside forest), 1 juv., [Hebard Cln.].
jSIontego Bay, St. James Parish, Jamaica, X, 28 to XI, 2, 1913, (Hebard;
under debris on Cretaceous limestone sand near beach, in leaves and leaf mould
in hills-de forest), 6 c^, 2 9,1 juv., [Hebard Cln.].
Gariblatta craticula -" new species (PI. XI, figs. 4 and 5; PI. XIT, fig. 9.)
The present species is closely related to C. pundulata, differing
from that species in the distinctive facial markings and in the
male genitalia which show a maximum specialization of the type
of subgenital plate found in that insect.
Ttjpe.— d'; Mayaguez, Porto Rico. July 24 to 29, 1914.
(Lutz and Mutchler.) [American Museum of Natural History.]
Description of Type. — Size small, form slender. Maxillary palpi with third
joint very elongate, fourth joint slightlj' shorter, fifth (distal) joint about three-
quarters as long as fourth. Tegmina with cross-veinlcts between discoidal
sectors numerous but inconspicuous. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly
transverse, very weakly produced, with distal margin broadly and very weakly
convex. Subgenital plate with lateral margins moderately raised proximad;
distinctly produced mesad, where, in distinct briefly separated sockets with
ventral surface of plate there raised and convex, is situated on each side a
brief knob-hke protuberance which has its dorsal surface covered with minute
chitinous spines directed mesad (these spines heavier than is normal in C.
^° In allusion to the straight transverse bars of the face which suggest the
bars of a gridiron (craticula).
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
2
164 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
ptindulala) ; between these specialized styles the brief median portion of the
plate is somewhat inset, but produced mesad in a very narrow cyhndrical pro-
jection about three times as long as broad.^^ Face markings distinctive.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [American Museum of
Natural History.]
Description of Allotype. — Similar to type except in the following features.
Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse, weakly produced, with distal
margin broadly convex, showing scarcely any mesal emargination. Subgenital
plate large, scoop-shaped, free margin proximo-laterad weakly convex, then
even more weakly concave at base of cercus, thence as weakly convex to the
produced apex, which is broadly rounded but sUghtly pinched due to the con-
tour of the plate.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Mayaguez, "sl •- .^| ^| ^^
Porto Rico. II ^^ 5§ °° ^1 °|
bC ^
c^ r r I" I" J- ^-
Type 8.9 2 2.7 8.9 2.4
Paratypes (2) 8.5-8.7 2 2.7 8.8-9.2 2.4-2.5
9
Allotype 8.4 2 2.9 8.9 2.8
Paratype 8.9 2 2.8 9 2.6
The present very small series is constant in size, approximating
the specimens of punctulata before us with longest tegmina, and
shows little color variation as well.
Coloration. — Similar to the normal condition in punctulata
except in the distinctive features of the facial pattern, which
readily distinguish the present species from any other of the genus.
Face pale with four straight transverse parallel dark brown bands;
the first between the ventral portions of the eyes broad, the
second between the weakly indicated ocellar spots much narrower,
the third and fourth ventrad, but dorsad of the clj^peal suture,
narrow lines slightly less widely separated than the more dorsal is
from the interocellar band. The picturing of the disk of the pro-
notum is distinct but not heavily defined, the tegmina are im-
maculate, while the limbs have at the bases of the heavier spines
the dark brown flecks usually found in the species of the present
genus.
^' In one male before us this projection is clearly somewhat malformed; it is
much shorter than in the other specimens and the (-hitinous spines covering
the dorsal surfaces of the styles have their apices interlocking above it.
MORGAN HEBARD 165
It is clear that the pundidata unit shows various specializations
in both coloration and structure of the male subgenital plate.
After careful consideration of the considerable series of this
complex before us, we are convinced that none of the different
conditions developed by that species have as yet progressed far
enough, or become sufficiently constant, to warrant the recognition
of geographic races. On the other hand it is evident that reticu-
losa, craticula and cuprea have, with pundulata, all been derived
from a common ancestor, but have reached distinctive and con-
stant degrees of specialization fully worthy of specific distinc-
tions. Of these reticulosa shows very marked color specialization,
accompanied by slight changes in the male subgenital plate;
cuprea shows differences in the same features but developed along
wholly distinct lines, while craticula not only shows distinctive
features of facial color pattern, but also the maximum condition
of specialization of the type of male subgenital plate found in the
species placed by us in the first group of the West Indian complex.
iSpeciinens Examined: 7; 4 males, 2 females and 1 immature male.
xMayaguez, Porto Rico, IV, 3, 1912, (C. W. Hooker), 1 9, paratypc, [IL S.
N. M.]; VI, 21 to 23, 1915, (Lutz and Mutehler; at light), 3 d", type, paralypes,
[Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.]; VII, 24 to 29, 1914, (H. G. Barber), 1 o", 1 9, para-
type, allotype, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Adjuntas, Aguadilla, Porto Rico, VI, S to 13, 1915, (A. J. ^Nlutchler; beat-
ing in high altitude forest), 1 juv. cf , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.].
Cariblatta lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner) (PI. XIII, fig. 3.)
1S93. Ceratinoplera lutea Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth.,
i, p. 48. [c?, 9 : Georgia; Louisiana.]
This insect, though being, with its geographic race, distinctive
as the only species of the genus showing decided reduction in the
organs of flight, is very closely related to C punctulata. In fact
the only diagnostic features besides those mentioned above are,
the normally constant form of the median production of the male
subgenital plate; the distinctly less slender form of the female and
less produced subgenital plate, and in both sexes the buffy general
coloration tinged with cinnamon (never olivaceous) to varying
degrees. The male subgenital plate, though not more distinct
from the typical condition found in punctulatus than are occa-
sional specimens of that species showing abnormal features,-^ is
" See page 160, footnote 16.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
166 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
constant in typical lutea in having the distal margin between the
specialized styles rather broadly and weakly produced, the
produced portion forming a strongly transverse rectangle.
The following features are found in a joair from Spring Creek,
Georgia, cf . Size small, form slender. Pronotum with point
of greatest width distinctly caudad of the normal meso-caudal
point in the species of the genus; caudal margin truncate, very
weakh' convex.^^ Tegmina moderately reduced, not quite reach-
ing apex of abdomen, with four longitudinal discoidal sectors,
the cross-veinlets very weakly defined.-* Wings of equal length,
reduced, the ulnar vein simple or forked, the intercalated
triangle minute.^^ Supra-anal plate very small, strongly trans-
verse, very weakly produced with distal margin very broadly
convex and emargination weakly indicated mesad. Subgenital
plate moderately produced, with lateral margins distinctly raised;
styles weakly inset, these specialized as in p^inctulata; space
between styles about one fourth of the free margin, this median
portion symmetrically produced, truncate, the production trans-
verse rectangulate and nearly three times as broad as long.^*'
9 . Agrees with the male except in the following features.
Form distinctly less slender. Tegmina and wings rather decidedly
reduced and showing the resultant coincident reduction in the
-^ As we have found elsewhere in the Blattidae, tegminal reduction appears to
be accompanied by a broadening of the pronotum, with a lessening of the con-
vexity of the caudal margin and a coincident shifting caudad of the point of
greatest pronotal width. The pronotal features given above show rather this
adjustment than what might appear to the casual observer to be features sepa-
rating the present species widely from the other members of the genus.
2^ These features are exactly as would be expected in such cases of tegminal
reduction; where moderate reduction is found in the present species five to
four discoidal sectors are present, where moderately decided to decided reduc-
tion occurs five to three, four being usual in females of the typical race, three
being frequently found in both sexes of lutea minima.
■6 These features are exactly as would be expected in such cas(>s of wing
reduction.
-^ The Lakeland specimens show a tendency toward lutea minima; the male
has this production only twice as broad as long.
MORGAN HEBARD
167
number of vein liranches.^^ Supra-anal plate very similar, but
showing a small, short, but rather decided, median concavity on
the distal margin. The subgenital plate is much as found in
this sex of pundulata but distinctly less produced, the median
portion of the caudal margin being broadly rounded and the
plate at this point not pinched.
Measiireynents {in millimelers)
C.S '■^ r-o Oo ^i "=3
iS. ^o ^S ^2 y? ^^
Southern Pines, Xorth
Carolina (1) 7.7 1.9 2.7 6.3 2
Spring Creek, Georgia . (1) 7.8 2.1 2.8 5.6 2
Natchez, Mississippi. . (1) 8 2.1 2.7 6.6 2.1
Ormond, Florida (2) 5.8-6 1.8 2.6-2.7 5.2-5.4 —
Lakeland, Florida. ... (1) 8.1 2 2.6 5.6 2.1
9
Raleigh, North Caro-
lina (2) 7.4-8.7 2.2-2.3 2.9-3.1 5-5.7 2.2-2.3
Southern Pine.-;, North
Carolina (4) 7.2-9.5 2.2-2.3 2.8-3.1 4.9-6 2-2.4
Spring Creek, Georgia . (4) 7.5-8.3 2.2-2.4 2.9-3 5.2-5.7 2.1-2.2
Jacksonville, Florida .. (2) 8-9.2 2.3-2.6 3.6 5.2-5.3 2.3-2.6
Lakeland, Florida. ... (1) 7 2.3 3.2 4.9 2.2
Banos San Mncente,
Cuba (1) 8.2 2.3 3.2 6 2.6
The specimens from Lakeland, Florida, show a slight tendency
toward hdea minima. It is very surprising to find a specimen
from Cuba which is apparently in every way typical of lutea
lutea.
Coloration. — Head cinnamon, seldom varying to cinnamon buff ;
rarely immaculate, usually with a broad transverse band of bister
between the eyes and often a narrower concave band of the same
between the ocellar spots, rarely a third similarly narrow concave
" But four females of lutea lutea, (two, Jacksonville and one. Lakeland,
Florida; one, Baiios San Vincente, Cuba), show very great wing reduction,
these organs being vestigial in these.
We have scarcely any material of the species from central peninsular Morida,
where intergradation with the geographic race lutea minima prol)al)ly occurs,
and where this condition in intermediate females is probably frequently en-
countered.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
168 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
band is found on the face, while a fourth, more ventral simikir
but much suffused band is weakly indicated in a few specimens."'^
Pronotum with lateral margins transparent with a very faint
brownish suffusion, disk ochraceous tawny, varying rarely to
warm buff, with a very fine picturing of snuff brown to bister,
these markings normally decided, their pattern exactly as in
punctulata, in very rare examples of maximum recessive colora-
tion they are almost obliterated. Tegmina transparent tinged
with ochraceous tawny, rarely with ochraceous buff (recessive),
the veins translucent and very slightly darker. Wings, when
not vestigial, hyaline, very weakly iridescent. Abdomen with
dorsum of general coloration, heavily maculate (except in re-
cessive condition) with blackish brown, venter normally heavily
maculate with suffused blackish brown mesad, this not extend-
ing to subgenital plate, rarely (except in males) entirely pale,
ventral surface with a faintly suggested narrow median line of
dark brown and lateral dots of the same on each segment (re-
cessive), or ventral surface blackish brown with paler lateral
margins and narrow distal margin of subgenital plate (intensive,
female). Limbs pinkish cinnamon (intensive) to warm buff
(recessive), frequentl}^ flecked at the bases of the heavier spines
with dark brown.
The males before us are of average distinctly recessive, the
females of average moderately intensive, coloration.
The known distribution of the present geographic race is de-
fined by the records given below and that of one of the types from
Louisiana. In the southeastern United States it occurs north-
ward and westward as far as Roanoke Island and Raleigh, North
Carolina; Swansea, South Carolina; Thompsons Mills, Macon and
Warm Springs, Georgia, and Natchez, Mississippi. In peninsular
Florida intergradation with lutea minima probably occurs in the
south-central section, material from Lakeland being referable to
lutea lutea but showing some tendency toward lutea rninima.
This latter race is confined in distribution to southern peninsular
Florida and the Florida Keys.
'8 Tho.sc features, produced by recession and intensification in color pattern,
are similarly found in pnttrtnlala, but. in that, sjiccies the niaxinium of intensi-
fication shows further dc^cided dilTerences from the normal.
MORGAN HEBARD 1()9
Outside of the United States, lutea lutea is known from the
single example before us from Banos San Vincente, Pinar del
Rio, Cuba.
Specimens Examined: 54; 10 males, 32 females, 7 immature males and 5
immature females.
Roanoke Island, North Carolina, VII, 25, (G. P. Englehardt), 1 9 , [Bklyn.
Inst.]
Raleigh, N. C, VI, 8, 1905, 1 9, [A. N. S. P.]; VI, 2.3, 1904, (C. S. Brimley;
under rul)bish), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Fayetteville, N. C, IX, 9, 1911, (Rehn and Hebard; under dead oak leaves),
1 juv. a", [Hebard Cln.].
Southern Pines, N. C, VI, 17 to VII, 22, 1914 and 1915, (A. H. Mance),
1 o", 4 9, [Davis and Hebard Cln.]; XI, 22, 1915, (A. H. Manee), 1 juv. cf ,
{Hebard Chi.].
Wrightsville, N. C, IX, 7, 1911, (Rehn and Hebard), 1 juv. 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Swansea, South Carohna, VIII, 6, 1911, (F. Knab) 1 9, [U. S. N. M.j.
Thompson's Mills, Georgia, (H. A. AUard), 2 a", 1 9,1 juv. 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
Macon, Ga., VII, 31, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; undergrowth of short-leaf
pine and oak woods), 1 9 , not retained.
^^'arm Springs, Ga., VIII, 9 and 10, 1913, (Rehn; beaten from under-
growth), 19,1 juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Albany, Ga., VIII, 1, 1913, (Rehn and Hebard; under needles in long-loaf
pine woods), 1 9, [Hebard Chi.].
Thomasville, Ga., XII, 31, 1902, (Hebard; in dead oak leaves), 3 juv. cf,
[Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].
Spring Creek, Ga., VI, 7 to 23, 1911, (J. C. Bradley), 3 cf , 5 9 , [Ga. State
Cln., A. N. S. P. and Hebard Cln.].
Isle of Hope, Ga. IX, 3, 1911, (Rehn and Hebard), 1 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
St. Simon's Island, Ga., IV, 22 to V, 12, 1911, (J. C. Bradley), 2 9, [A. X.
S. P. and Ga. State Cln.].
Billy's Island, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., VI, 1912, (J. C. Bradley), 2 9 ,
[Cornell Univ. and Hebard Cln.].
Suwannee Creek, Okeefenokee Swamp, Ga., VIII, 28, 1911, (Rehn and He-
bard), 1 9,[A. N. S.P.].
JacksonviUe, Florida, (T. J. Priddey), 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Atlantic Beach, Fla., VIII, 25, 1911, (Hebard; under boxes lying on short
grass), 1 juv. cf, [H(>bard Cln.].
St. Augustine, Fla., (C. W. Johnson), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Ormond, Fla., Ill, 12 and 20, 1899, (W. S. Blatchley), 2 d", [A. N. S. P.
and Hebard Cln.].
La Grange, Fla., IX, 10, 1913, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Lakeland, Fla., VI, 8, 1912, XI, 8, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 o", 2 9, [A. N.
S. P. and U. S. N. M.].
Carrabelle, Fla., IX, 2 and 3, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard; beaten from heavy
ficrub in damp spot of sand dune area and from high bush. Ilex lucida, fringing
inland swampy areas), 2 9, [Hebard Cln. and A. X. S. P.].
TRANS, AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
170 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
River Junction, Fla., VIII, 31, 1915, (Rehn and Hebard), 1 juv. cf , [Hebard
Cln.].
Springhill, Mobile County, Alabama, VIII, 25, 1915, (Hebard; undergrowth
in long-leaf pine woods), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Natchez, Mississippi, VI, 15, 1909, (E. S, Tucker; at sugar), 1 cf , [U. S. N.
M.]; IX, 14, 1915, (Rehn; beaten from low oak on hills), 1 small juv. 9,
[Hebard Chi.].
Banos San Vincente, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 16 to 22, 1913, (F. E. Lutz;
moderately moist place in pasture land on valley floor), 1 9 , [Am. Mus. Nat.
Hist.].
Cariblatta lutea minima new subspecies (PL XIII, fig. 4.)
This geograpliic race differs from typical lutea in the average
smaller size; average paler and more yellowish buff, rather than
distinctly cinnamon, tones of general coloration; more decided
tegminal reduction, particularly in the male sex, in which the.se
organs show fully as much reduction as in the female; apparently
always vestigial wings, and the median production of the male
subgenital plate being much narrower than in typical lutea, very
small and subquadrate, slightly longer than broad.
Type.— cT; Miami, Florida. March 3, 1915. (M. Hebard.)
[Hebard Collection, Type No. 418.]
Description of Type. — Size very small, form sUghtly more robust than is
normal in typical lutea. Pronotum with point of greatest width at the latero-
caudal angles, caudal margin nearly straight, truncate. Tegmma decidedly
reduced, reaching only to base of seventh dorsal abdominal segment; with
three longitudinal discoidal sectors (thus the median vein branches but once)
and no cross-veinlets. Wings vestigial. Supra-anal plate as in typical lutea.
Subgenital plate as in that race but with speciahzed styles shghtly closer to
each other and production of intervening portion of distal margin verj- .small,
subquadrate, very slightly longer than wide.
Allotype.— 9 ; Miami, Florida. March 14, 1916. (M.
Hebard.) [Hebard Collection.]
Description of Allotype. — Similar to type but larger and distinctly more
robust. Pronotum slightly broader, caudal margin straight, truncate. Teg-
mina and wings much as in type, except that dextral tegmen has four dis-
coidal sectors. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse, weakly pro-
duced, with distal margin showing a small, short, median concavity. Sub-
genital plate as in typical lutea.
MORGAN HEBARD 171
Measurements (in millirnelers)
•a fc
O Z h2 :: ^
South Bay, Florida. ... (1 1) 7-7.7 1.9-2.1 2.8-2.9 4.4-5 1 . 9-2
Everglade, Florida (10) 6.2-6.6 1 . S-2 . 1 2.7-2.9 4.1-4.3 1 . 9-2
Miami, Florida Type 5.9 1.9 2.8 3.7 1.9
Miami, Florida (1) 6.2 2 3.1 4 1.9
LongKey, Florida. .. . (4) 5.4-5.8 1.8-1.9 2.6-2.9 3.6-3.8 1.7-1.9
Key West, Florida (3) 6-6.5 1.9-2 2.7-2.9 3.8-3.9 1.8-1.9
9
South Bay, Florida... (24) 7-8.8 2.2-2.3 2.9-3.3 4.5-4.7 2-2.2
Everglade, Florida (23) 6.2-8 2.2-2.3 2.8-2.9 4.1-4.7 1.9-2
Long Key, Florida .... (2) 6.5-7 2 2.7-3 3.8-3.9 1.8-1.9
Key West, Florida (4) 5.8-7.2 2-2.1 2.9-3 3.6-4 1.9
The flattening of the caudal margin of the pronotum is more
pronounced in this race, which shows normally greater tegminal
and wing reduction than does typical lutea.-'^ The reduction in
the discoidal sectors of the tegmina is also more decided, the
number being normally three, rarely two or four, in the present
series.
Specimens Examined: ^o 118; 44 males, 65 females, 5 immature males and
4 immature females.
Puuta Gorda, Florida, XI, 14 to 16, 1911, (W. T. Davis), 1 cT, 1 9, [Davis
Cln.].
Fort Myers, Fla., Ill, 29 to V, 20, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 2 c?, 2 $, [Davis
Cln.].
Citrus Center, Fla., V, 2, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 d^, [Davis Cln.].
South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, Fla., IV, 30 to V, 2, 1912, (W. T, Davis),
11 cf, 24 9,1 juv. 9, [Davis Chi.].
Marco, Fla., IV, 19, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 9, [Davis Chi.].
Everglade, Fla., IV, 5 to 13, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 10 c?, 23 9 , [A. X. S. P.
and Hebard Cln.].
Chokoloskee, Fla., IV, 8, 1912, (W. T. Davis), 1 9 , [Davis Cln.].
Miami, Fla., Ill, 4, 1916, (Hebard; Musa Isle, under dead jietioles of
cocoanut palm on sandy soil in grapefruit grove), 8 d^, 5 9, paralypes, allo-
type, 2 juv. cf ; III, 8, 1915, (Hebard; Brickell's Hammock, on ground under
luxuriant undergrowth in opening of forest), 1 cf , type, [Hebard Cln.]; Ill, 20,
1910, (Hebard), 1 d^, paratype, 1 juv. o", 1 juv. 9, [Hebard Chi. and A. N.
S. P.].
»» See page 166, footnote 23.
'" A portion of the material here recorded, has been previously recorded as
Ceratinoptera lutea.
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
172 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
Virginia Key, Fla., Ill, 11, 1915, (Hebard; under dark water-soaked leaves
in heavy red mangrove, Rkizophora mangle, swamp), 1 juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.].
Homestead, Fla., Ill, 17 to 19, 1910, (Hebard), 1 d',paratijpe; VII, 10, 1912,
(Hebard; under board in everglades), 1 cf , paratype, [both Hebard Cln.].
Key Largo, Fla., Ill, 18, 1910, (Hebard), 1 9 , paratype, [Hebard Cln.].
Long Key, Fla., Ill, 13 and 17, 1910, (Hebard; under dead petioles of cocoa-
nut palm on moist ground), 4 cf , 3 9 , paratypes, 2 juv. cf, 1 juv. 9 , [Hebard
Cln. and A. N. S. P.].
Key West, Fla., I, 20, 1904, (Hebard), 1 d'; III, 15 to 16, 1910, (Hebard;
under boards, short grass in open), 1 6^, 4 9 , 1 jviv. 9 ; VII, 7, 1912, (Rehn and
Hebard; leaf mould in jungle key scrub), 1 cf, [all Hebard Cln. and A. N. S. P.].
Cariblatta cuprea^' new species (PL XI, figs. 6 and 7; PL XII, fig. 10.)
When compared with C. pundulata, the present species is
found to differ in the stouter form, different coloration and char-
acter of color pattern, and in the male subgenital plate in slight
differences of degree; in this last respect agreeing more nearly with
C. reticulosa, a species otherwise even more widely separated. In
general form, a decided resemblance is found to C. punctipennis,
but, as the male sex of that species is unknown, its exact position
can not be definitely determined.
Type. — cf ; Stony Hill, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica. October
25, 1913. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 413.]
Description of Type. — Size small, form rather slender, appreciably more
robust than C. punctulaia. Maxillary palpi with third joint very elongate,
fourth joint shghtly shorter, fifth (distal) joint about two-thirds as long as
fourth. Tegmina wdth cross-veinlets between discoidal sectors numerous but
inconspicuous. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse, very weakly
produced, with distal margin very broadly convex and very weakly angulato-
emarginate mesad. Subgenital plate moderately produced, laterad but little
raised; distal margin convex, very shghtly irregular, with scarcely any depres-
sion at styles, which are small rounded knobs distinctly wider than long, with
dorsal surface heavily clothed with minute close set chitinous spines; the por-
tion of the distal margin between these distinctly less than a third of the whole
and transverse.^2 Coloration distinctive.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with type except in following features.
Form very slightly more robust. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly trans-
verse, weakly produced, with distal margin broadly convex but showing a brief
but rather decided median concavity. Sul)genital plate large, scoop-shaped,
^' In allusion to the general coloration of the insect, which is much more
coppery than in the other species of the genus.
•■'- In one sjiecimen before us a slight convexity of this median j)orti()n of the
distal margin of the subgenital plate is apparent.
MORGAN HEBARD 173
free margin proximo-laterad distinctly convex, then distinctly and broadly
concave at base of cercus, thence distinctly convex to the produced apex, which
is sUghth' pinched due to the contour of the plate.
Measurements (in millimeters)
Stony Hill, "ol ^ ^| _| ^_ ^^
Jamaica. J -5 ^>> ^§ _|g xg J|
"2 O m'S MP iiP MM Sm
-■0. e^ cK ^K dci ^c>
O 2; H^ ^-: ^ ^ ^
r?/pe 8.2 2.1 3 9.7 2.8
Paratypes (4) 7.8-8.4 2-2.3 2.8-3.1 9.2-9.8 2.6-2.8
9
Allotype 9 2.3 3.2 9.9 2.8
Paratypes (4) 8.7-9. 2.3-2.4 3.1-3.2 9.6-9.7 2.7-2.8
The present series shows scarcely any variation either in size
or coloration.
Coloration. — Head pale ochraceous tawny, obscured between
the eyes with prout's brown, ventrad of this on the face are two
weakly defined, narrow, weakly concave, transverse bands of
prout's brown; ocellar spots conspicuous, cream color. Pronotum
with lateral margins transparent with a very weak brownish
suffusion; disk pale ochraceous tawny, immaculate except for
two rather widely separated mesal dots of prout's brown; caudal
margin of pronotum narrowly suffused with prout's brown.
Tegmina transparent, tinged with brownish which shows a very
slightly more tawny cast than in the other species of the genus.
Wings transparent, hyaline, moderately iridescent; veins trans-
lucent brownish. Limbs and underparts weak ochraceous-tawny;
the abdomen with a narrow submarginal line on each side of
prouts brown, a dot of this color on each segment near the inner
margin of this line. Liml)s immaculate.
Specimens Examined: 11; 5 males, 5 females and 1 immature individual.
Stony Hill, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, X, 25, 1913, (Hebard; in leaves on
leaf-mould in hillside forest), 5 cf , 5 9, type, allotype, paratypes, 1 juv., [He-
bard Cln.].
Cariblatta punctipennis new species (PI. XII, figs. 11 to 13.)
As the male of this species is unknown, it can not be placed
with as much certainty as the other species here discussed. The
species in general form agrees best with C. cuprea. The widely
scattered but conspicuous dots, everywhere present on the
TRANS. ENT. .\.M. SOC, XI.II.
174 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
tegmina, are a condition found pronounced in no otlier species
of the genus.^^
Type. — 9 ; Barbados. [Academy of Natural Sciences of
Philadelphia, Type No. 5297.]
Description of Type. — Size and form very similar to C. cuprea. Maxillary-
palpi with third joint extremely elongate, fourth joint slightly shorter, fifth
(distal) joint over two- thirds as long as fourth. Tegmina with cross-veinlets
between discoidal sectors numerous and but weakly defined, except in area of
dextral tegmen concealed when at rest, where they are well developed. Rather
widely scattered dots on tegmina situated on veins everywhere over exposed
surfaces when at rest, under binocular microscope each is found to constitute
the base for a minute but stout hair. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly
transverse, very weakly produced, with distal margin very broadly convex
and with a rather broad and shallow concave emargination mesad. Subgenital
plate large, scoop-shaped, distal margin distinctly convex proximo-laterad,
then distinctly but broadly concave at base of cercus, thence distinctly convex
to the produced apex which is pinched due to the contour of the plate.
Measurements (in millimeters)
"n S S S
Za "o "oS '^2 "cs -ra
XI S -S^- cc .eg •32 .sS
a O M^ Mg ^t: MM .S!*
9 I ^ ^ i ^ ^
Barbados, <ype 7.8 2.4 3 9.3 2.8
Long Ditton, Dominica
paratype 7.9 2.3 3 9.6 2.9
Laudet, Dominica para-
types (3) 8.3-9.2 2.3-2.4 3 -3.1 8.7-9.S 2.9-3.1
Color ation.^"^ — Head entirely honey yellow (recessive), with a
brownish suffusion between the eyes and traces of apparently
vertical lines ventrad on the face of the same color (intensive)'
Pronotum with lateral margins transparent with a very weak
brownish suffusion (recessive) ; suffusion buffy and more decided
than in any other species of the genus (intensive). Disk of
pronotum chamois, with a very few dots of prout's brown (reces-
sive) ; or dots numerous and a cinnamon brown suffusion i)resent
(intensive). Tegmina transparent tinged with brownish, with
all portions visible when at rest showing rather widely scattered
^ Similar dots are present on the tegmina of Brunuer's Phyllodromia con-
spersa, an aberrant South American member of the genus Neoblattella, which,
however, shows no divergence toward the present complex.
^* The type represents the extreme of recessive coloration found in the present
small series.
MORGAN HEBARD 175
dots of prout's brown. Wings hyaline, moderately iridescent;
veins translucent ])rownish. Limbs and underparts immaculate
warm buff (recessive); limbs with minute dots of blackish brown
at base of each larger spine, abdomen with a heavy proximo-
mesal maculation and dots laterad on each segment of the same
color, but subgenital plate immaculate (intensive).
Specimens Excmiined: 5; 5 females.
Long Ditton, Dominica, VI, 20, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 1 9 , paralype,
[Am. Mus. Xat. Hist.].
Laudet, Dominica, VI, 11 to 13, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz"), 3 9, para-
types, [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist, and Hebard Cln.].
Barbados, 1 9 ,^ type, [A. N. S. P.].
Cariblatta insularis (Walker) (PI. XI, figs. 8 to 12; PI. XII, figs. 14 to 16.]
1868. Blatta insularis Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mus., p. 101. [ 9 , Jamaica.,
1893. Theganopteryx (Pseudectobia) antiguensis Saussure and Zehntner)
Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 17. (In part ?) [ 9 , Antigua; 9 , Cuba.]
The description of antiguensis leaves no doubt that it belongs
to the present genus,^^ and the material from Antigua is described
as having the markings near the bases of the humeral and anal
veins of the tegmina, which constitute a feature readily distin-
guishing the present species from any other of the present com-
plex. The brief description of the Cuban female as a variety of
antiguensis, is too short and indefinite to reveal any diagnostic
features of value; the likelihood is that it represents an example
of C. pnnctulata.
In general appearance the present insect suggests C. punctulata,
but upon closer examination it is seen to be very widely separated
from that species, differing in striking features of color pattern
of which the cephalic markings and proximal maculations of the
tegmina are distinctive from any other species of the genus, as
is also the form of the male subgenital plate and of the styles.
The following features are as found in a pair from Montego
Bay, Jamaica, cf. Size small, form slender. Cross-veinlets
between discoidal sectors of tegmina numerous but inconspicuous.
Supra-anal plate similar to that of C. punctulatus. Subgenital
^ This specimen has been incorrectly recorded by Rehn as a male of ' ' Blal-
tella" conspersa (Brunncr). Ent. News, XVI, p. 175, (1905).
^ The species has already been referred to the genus Phyllodromia by Shel-
ford. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (7), xix, p. 36, (1907).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
176 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
plate moderately produced, the lateral portions bent strongly
ujDward leaving lateral margins dorsal in position; the short
remaining median portion j^rojecting caudad beneath the lateral
portions which, curving mesad, nearly meet above it. This short
median portion has the distal margin briefly curved upward and
nearly transverse. At the base of the sinistral cleft between
the lateral and mesal portions, is situated a chitinous thorn,
curving regularly upward with sharp apex adjacent to the apex
of the sinistro-lateral portion; at the base of the dextral cleft, is
situated a rounded knob, slightly wider than long, with dorsal
surface covered with small chitinous spines.^' The form of the
subgenital plate is symmetrical and is such that with the supra-
anal plate, when in normal position, the specialized styles are
almost hidden and the anal orifice nearly closed.
9 . Agrees with male except in the following features. Form
very slightly less slender. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly
transverse, weakly produced, with distal margin broadly convex
but showing a rather broad, shallow median concavity. Sub-
genital plate similar to that of pundulata but with distal median
portion somewhat wider.^^
Measurements (in millimeters)
•so e E
Z.C "o "oS ""-2 "Sa >-.fl
■5^ 5fl J3CI •:3c xi e
B
'~0 ^ □ OJ TS 0)
O 2; h-i i-i p; M ^
Montego Bay, Jamaica (11) 7.7-8.3 1.8-2.1 2.7-2.9 8-9 2.3-2.6
9
Montego Bay, Jamaica (9) 8-9.4 1.8-2.1 2.9-3 8.3-8.9 2.7-2.8
Coloration. — Head with vertex dark mummy brown to near
point of narrowest interocular space, thence a large cream colored
marking extends nearly to base of the antennae and is terminated
ventrad by four rounded projections, its form thus resembling an
inverted crown,^^ ventrad this is mummy brown with a median
^^ It is evident that these projections represent the styles in this distinctive
species; the sinistral being of a type found nowhere else in the genus, but the
dextral is similar to those found in reticulosa, punctulata and cuprea.
2^ Females of the species are more readily separated by the distinctive
features of coloration rather than by structural characters.
23 The lateral projections of this inverted crown are in part formed by the
cream colored ocellar spots, this fusion making the latter inconspicuous.
MORGAN HEBARD 177
dot and an indistinct transverse line of cinnamon-buff to the
clypeus, which is of the paler coloration. Pronotum with lateral
margins transparent with a brownish tinge; disk saccardo's umber
with a few points of darker brown and numerous dots and lines
of buffy, the caudal margin often narrowly suffused with bister.
The pattern suggests that of punctulata but, as the darker color-
ing is more diffuse, the paler portions appear as dots and dashes
rather than as the ground color. Tegmina transparent clear
tawny olive with small elongate dark brown maculations, one
at base of the anal vein, the other slightly distad on the dis-
coidal vein.'*" Wings hyaline, moderately iridescent; veins almost
colorless. Abdomen cinnamon buff" with a few lateral indistinct
maculations of darker brown. Limbs pale cinnamon buff, the
tibiae at the bases of the spines frequently flecked with darker
brown.
Specimens Examined: 22; 11 males, 9 females, 2 immature individuals.
Montego Bay, St. James Parish, Jamaica, III, 19, 1911, (J. A. Grossbeck;
beating shrubbery), 1 9 , [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.]; X, 29 to XI, 3, 1913, (Hebard;
moderately numerous and the most frequent Orthopteron encountered in
bromeliads growing on the hmbs of trees), 11 cf , 8 9,2 juv., [Hebard Cln. and
A. N. S. P.].
Cariblatta fossicauda'^ new species (PI. XI, figs. 13 to 17, PI. XII, figs. 17
and 18.)
In general appearance the present insect is almost identical
with C. aediculata and further closely resembles C. imitans. Like
in each of those species, however, the male genitalia are entirely
different from those of any other species of the genus. When
compared with aediculata, the present species is seen to be slightly
smaller and less robust; the maxillary palpi are not as elongate;
the tegmina and wings are shorter and the latter proportionately
decidedly wider, not as clearly hyaline, with veins and veinlets
more decided. In the female, the supra-anal jalate shows no
distinct mesal notch and the subgenital plate is less produced,
with distal portion not roundly truncate.
Though in appearance one of the most inconspicuous species of
the genus, the male subgenital plate shows the greatest special-
ization found in Cariblatta.
^° These markings, though varying somewhat in intensity, are present in
every specimen before us and represent a feature pecuhar to the present species.
^1 In allusion to the singular channels (fossa) of the male subgenital plate.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
178 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
Type.— d", Caparo, Trinidad. August, 1913. (S. M. Klages.)
[Hebard Collection, Type No. 415.]
Description of Type. — Size small, form rather slender, slightly more so than
in C. aediculata. Maxillary palpi as in C. imitans, with fifth (distal) joint about
three-quarters as long as fourth. Tegmina with numerous cross-veinlets
between discoidal sectors weakly indicated, except in portion of dextral tegmen
concealed when at rest. Supra-anal plate very small, transverse, distinctly
but not strongly triangularly produced with apex rounded. Subgenital plate
with dextral surface convex and curving inward above sinistral portion;
sinistral portion strongly and narrowly produced sinistrad, with lateral
margins parallel and ventral surface transversely convex, this produc-
tion truncate distad with angles rounded; adjacent to this production dextrad
is another lesser production, with lateral margins convergent and ventral
surface transversely convex, this briefly truncate disto-sinistrad and briefly
and roundly produced disto-dextrad. The greater portion of the plate is
occupied by these two channeled processes. Within the apex of the sinistral
production hes normally concealed a rather thin circular disk, with free margin
thickly clothed with microscopic chitinous spines arranged in a whorl; within
the niche formed by the distal truncate portion of the dextral process lies
normally concealed a rather thin but moderately broad projection, longer than
broad, with apex clothed with minute chitinous spines.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with the male sex except in the following
features. Form very shghtly more robust. Tegmina very slightly shorter.
Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse, weakly produced, with distal
margin nearly transverse in greater part, this margin weakly convex laterad and
very weakly emarginate mesad. Subgenital plate large but not as large as in
themajority of the species of the genus, scoop-shaped, distal margin proximo-
laterad decidedly convex, then as decidedly concave at base of cercus, thence
moderately convex to the moderately produced apex which is somewhat
obtuse-angulate emarginate, the apex being distinctly less produced than in
aediculata.
Measurements in (millimeters)
Caparo, "^ S o -^1 -I "S a -a
Trinidad. II ^>> 5§ J§ SB Ja
CJ" ^ ^ ^ ^ hJ ^
Type 8.3 2 2.7 8.7 2.G
Paratypes (24)8.3-9.5 1.9-2 2.6-2.8 8-9 2.3-2.7
9
Allotype 9.4 2.2 2.8 8.1 2.7
Paratypes (15) 8.8-10.2 2.1-2.3 2.7-2.9 8.3-9 2.4-2.7
Coloration. — Head with vertex and face tawny olive, ventrad
between eyes a broad weakly defined band of bister, ventrad of
this a narrower, concave, weakly defined band of the same color
between the occllar spots and on the face two very narrow, mesally
.MORGAN HEBARD 179
interrupted, transverse bands of this color, (a slightly obscured
type of the normal color pattern for the genus, see p. 155, footnote
10). Pronotum with lateral margins transparent with a brownish
tinge; disk warm buff with picturing of minute lines of dresden
brown and dots of mummy brown; form of colored portion of
pronotum more noticeably octagonal than usual but with angles
blunted. Tegmina transparent tinged with brownish; the veins
pale, but the cross-veinlets dresden brown. Wings hyaline, with
a weak iridescence; veins and distal cross-veinlets weakly brown-
ish. Ventral surface of abdomen pinkish buff; d^, with a suf-
fused dark brown maculation at the apex of the caudal trochanter,
sometimes this is almost wholly absent (recessive), while rarely
it becomes a diffused band which is broad and heavy proximad,
but verj^ narrow and much broken distad (intensive) ; 9 , with
a suffused dark brown Ijlotch at the base of the caudal tro-
chanter. Limbs warm buff, sometimes with minute flecks of
brown at the bases of the heavier spines.
Specimens Examined: 42; 25 males and 17 females.
Caparo, Trinidad, VI, 1913, (S. M. Klages), 1 cf , pamiype, [A. N. S. P.];
VIII, 1913, (S. AI. Klages), 2-4 d', 17 9 , type, allotype, paratypes, [Hebard Cln.].
Cariblatta aediculata^- new species (PI. XI, figs. 18 and 19; PI. XII, figs. 19
and 20.)
Individuals of the present species, though in general appear-
ance suggesting only unusually large examples of C. fossicauda,
may be readily separated by a number of excellent diagnostic
characters, as given under that species. The form of the male
subgenital plate and particularly its appendages, are distinctive.
Type.— d"; Caparo, Trinidad. August, 1913. (S. M. Klages.)
[Hebard Collection, Type No. 414.]
Description of Type. — Size small, form but moderately slender, very much as
in C. imitans. Maxillary palpi slightly longer than in imitans, with fifth
(distal) joint slightly more than two-thirds as long as fourth joint.'^ Tegmina
with numerous cross-veinlets between discoidal sectors distinct in distal part
of sinistral tegmen and in portion of dextral tegmen concealed when at rest,
fully as decided as in imitans. Supra-anal plate very small, transverse,
weakly produced, with lateral margins weakly convex and with a very weak
■*- In allusion to the niches (aediculao) formed by the distal margin of the
subgenital plate, in each of which are situated two appendages.
" In several specimens of the present sjiecies liofore us, the maxillary palpi,
at least on one side, show varying degrees of deformity, the joints in such cases
being sometimes distinctly less elongate than is normal.
TRANS. AM. E.XT. .SOC, XLII.
3
180 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
median emargination. Subgenital plate with free margin proximo-laterad
very briefly straight and liorizontal, then abruptly and sharply declivent, thus
rectangulate at the base of the cercus; bearing ventrad of the base of the cercus
a small, smooth, stout finger with its external surface concave and rounded
apex suppUed with several minute chitinous spines, and immediately ventrad
of this a minute, conical style with apex very sharply rounded; the entire
distal portion of this margin is produced beyond this point with acute angu-
late, shghtly divergent projections which extend slightly beyond the apices
of the styles; the median portion of the margin is transverse.
Allottjpe. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with type except in the following features.
Form somewhat more robust. Tegmina proportionately shorter than in male,
not as much so as in imitans. Supra-anal plate very small, strongly trans-
verse, weakly produced, with distal margin weakly triangularly produced with
apex rather narrowly but decidedly rotundato-emarginate. Subgenital plate
large, scoop-shaped; free margin proximo-laterad decidedly convex, then
distinctly but not as strongly concave at base of cercus, thence convex to an
equal degree to the decidedly produced apex.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Caparo, ll 'Z "sl -I "S a --a
Trinidad. Il ^^ 5§ ^§ ^i ^S
cf I" 3, ^ ^ ^ ^
Type 8.6 2.3 3 10.3 3
Paratypes (3) 9.2-9.7 2.3-2.4 3-3.1 9.6-10 3-3.1
9
Allotype 10.9 2.7 3.2 9.4 2.9
Paratypes (5) 9. 8-10. S 2.6-2.7 3.2-3.4 8.9-9.7 2.9-3.1
Coloration. — Almost identical with that of C.fossicauda, except-
ing that in both sexes the markings of the ventral surface of the
abdomen are as heavy normally, as in the maximum condition of
intensive coloration in that species, sometimes being distinctly
more extensive, that of the female occasionally reaching to the
base of the subgenital plate.
Specimens Examined: 11; 5 males and 6 females.
Caparo, Trinidad, VI, 1913, (S. M. Klages), 1 d", parati/pe, [A. N. S. P.];
VIII, 1913, (S. M. Klages), 4 cf , 6 9, type, allotype, paratypes, [Hebard Chi.].
Cariblatta imitans new species (PI. XI, fig. 20; PI. XII, fig. 21.)
In general appearance this species closely resembles C. fossi-
cauda and C. aediculata but with the inconspicuous color pattern
of head and pronotum somewhat ol)scured. The species is
distinctive in the genus in having the male subgenital plate
simply formed and bearing two unspecialized styles.
MORGAN HEBARD 181
Type. — cf ; Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama. November 17,
1913. (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type No. 412.]
Descripiion of Type. — Size small, form but moderately slender, with C.
aediculata representing the stoutest condition found in the genus. Maxillary
palpi with third and fourth joints very elongate, fifth (distal) joint about two-
thirds as long as fourth. Tegmina with cross-veinlets between discoidal
sectors numerous and distinct, particularly in portion of dextral tegmen con-
cealed when at rest, more so than in any other species of the genus except C.
reticulosa and C aediculata. Supra-anal plate very small, distinctly but not
strongly triangularly produced. Subgenital plate moderately produced and
but Uttle raised toward distal margin, this margin with lateral portions very
weakly concave to mesal third, at this point on each side the margin is very
briefly notched, from which emargination on each side springs a minute simple
cyhndrical style, about four times as long as broad, with apex narrowly rounded;
between these styles the median fourth of the margin is transverse with a very
weak suggestion of bilobation.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Collection.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with type except in following features-
Form distinctly more robust. Tegmina proportionately distinctly shorter.
Supra-anal plate very small, strongly transverse, weakly produced, with distal
margin showing a slight median emargination, which gives a general weakly
bilobate outline. Subgenital plate large, scoop-shaped, much as in aediculata,
more produced than in C. punctulata.
Measurements (in millimeters)
Corozal, ^ ^ g | ^
p^na™a- 1^ If ll 11 21
° J h4 ^ ^ ;S
Type 8.8« 2.3 2.9 9. ,5 2.8
Paratype 8 2.2 2.8 9.4 2.7
9
Allotype 10. .5 2.4 3.2 S.7 2.6
Paratype 10.3 2.4 3.2 8.8 2.7
Coloration. — Head with vertex mikado brown, ventrad between
the eyes clouded with warm sepia; ventrad of the antennal sockets
pinkish cinnamon, shading to buffy toward the clypeus. Pro-
notum with lateral margins transparent with a browriish tinge;
disk warm buff faintly washed to varying degrees in the specimens
before us with ochraceous tawny, with numerous obscured mark-
ings (of the pattern of the pencilling and dots in aediculata but
more obscured and recessive) of darker brown (in individuals
** The abdomen of this specimen has been squeezed out about half a milli-
meter beyond its probable normal length.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
182 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
before us as russet to ochraceous-tawny and prout's brown).
Tegmina transparent tinged with brownish; the veins slightly
darker, the distal cross-veinlets conspicuous tawny-olive. Wings
hyaline, not iridescent; veins and numerous distal cross-veinlets
tawny-olive. Antennae, limbs and ventral surface of abdomen
warm buff, the latter with a proximal medio-longitudinal suf-
fusion of dark brown. Limbs with traces of minute darker
flecks at bases of heavier spines.
Specimens Examined: 4; 2 males and 2 females.
Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama, XI, 17, 1913, (Hebard; among loose leaves
lying on leaf-mould in heavy jungle), 2 cf , 2 9, type, allotype, paraiypes,
[Hebard Cln.].
MORGAN HEBARD 183
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate XI
Supra-anal and subgenital platea greatly enlarged. Genital appendages
highly magnified.
Fig. 1. — Canblaitn ret iculosa {\ya\ker). cf. Stony Hill, Jamaica. Ventral
view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 2. — Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). cf. San Francisco ^Mountains,
San Domingo. Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 3. — Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). o^. Jesus del Monte, Cuba.
Concealed genital hook (termed titillator penis by Shelford).
Fig. 4. — Cariblatta craticula new species, c^, type. Mayaguez, Porto Rico.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 5. — Cariblatta craticula new species. cT, type. Ventro-caudal view of
subgenital plate.
Fig. 6. — Cariblatta cuprea new species, cf, type. Stony Hill, Jamaica.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 7 .^Cariblatta cuprea new species, o'^, type. Specialized style. This
type found also in reticulosa, punctulata and craticula.
Fig. 8. — Cariblatta insularis (Walker), cf . Montego Bay, Jamaica. Ven-
tral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 9. — Cariblatta insularis (\\a\ker). (f. Montego Bay, Jamaica. Caudal
view of subgenital plate with specialized styles visible.
Fig. 10. — Cariblatta in.sularis (Walker), c?. Montego Bay, Jamaica. Sinis-
tral speciahzed style.
Fig. 11. — Cariblatta insularis (Walker), o^. Montego Bay, Jamaica.
Dextral specialized style.
Fig. 12. — Cariblatta insularis (Walker), d^. Montego Bay, Jamaica. Con-
cealed genital hook.
Fig. 13. — Cariblatta fossicauda new species, cf, type. Caparo, Trinidad.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 14. — Cariblatta fossicauda new species, d', type. Caparo, Trinidad.
Ventro-caudal view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 15. — Cariblatta fossicauda new species, (d, type. Caparo, Trinidad.
Dorsal view of supra-anal plate. This type is found throughout
the genus.
Fig. 16. — Cariblatta fossicauda new species. (d,paraiype. Caparo, Trinidad.
Dextral concealed specialized style.
Fig. 17. — Cariblatta fossicauda new species, (d, paratype. Caparo, Trinidad.
Sinistral concealed specialized stjde.
Fig. 18. — Cariblatta aediculata new species, cf, typc Caparo, Trinidad.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 19. — Cariblatta aediculata new species. cT, type. Caparo, Trinidad.
Ventro-caudal view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 20. — Cariblatta imilans new species, cf, iypc- Corozal, Panama.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
184
GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERA)
Fig.
1.
Fig.
2.
Fig.
3,
Fig.
4.
Fig.
5,
Fig.
6,
Fig.
7,
Fig.
8.
Fig.
9.
Fig.
10.
Fig.
11.
Fig.
12.
Fig.
13.
Fig.
14.
Fig.
15.
Fig.
16.
Fig.
17.
Fig.
18.
Fig.
19.
Fig.
20.
Fig.
21.
Cephalic-
Stony Hill, Jamaica. Dorsal
Stony Hill, Jamaica. Dorsal
Plate XII
Figures greatly enlarged
-Cariblaitareliculosa {WaYker). cT. Stony Hill, Jamaica.
view of head.
-Cariblatta reticulosa (Wallcer). c?.
view of pronotum.
-Cariblatta reticulosa (Walker), cf .
view of sinistral tegmen.
-Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). cf. San Francisco Mountains,
San Domingo. Cephalic view of head.
-Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). cf- San Francisco Mountains,
San Domingo. Lateral outline of maxillary palpus.
-Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). cf . San Francisco Mountains,
San Domingo. Dorsal view of pronotum. (Moderately intensive
color pattern.)
-Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). d^. Jesus del Monte, Cuba.
Dorsal view of pronotum. (Maximum recessive color pattern.)
-Cariblatta punctulata (Beauvois). $. San Francisco Mountains,
San Domingo. Ventral outline of subgenital plate.
-Cariblatta craticula new species. cT, type. Mayaguez, Porto Rico.
Cephalic view of head.
-Cariblatta cuprea new species, cf, type. Stony Hill, Jamaica.
Dorsal view of pronotum.
-Cariblatta pimctipennis new species. 9 , type. Barbados. Dorsal
view of pronotum. (Maximum recessive color pattern.)
-Cariblatta pimctipennis new species. 9 . Laudet, Dominica. Dor-
sal view of pronotum. (Intensive color pattern.)
-Cariblatta punctipennis new species. 9 , type. Barbados. Dorsal
view of sinistral tegmen.
-Cariblatta insularis (WaUcer)
alic view of head.
-Cariblatta insularis (Walker), cf .
view of pronotum.
-Cariblatta insularis (Walker), d^.
view of sinistral tegmen.
-Cariblatta fossicauda new species
Lateral outline of maxillary palpus.
-Cariblatta fossicauda new species, d',
Dorsal view of pronotum.
-Cariblatta aediculala new species, cf,
Lateral outline of maxillary palpus.
-Cariblatta aediculala new species, cf,
Dorsal view of pronotum.
-Cariblatta imitans new species. cT, type.
sal view of pronotum.
Montego Bay, Jamaica. Ceph-
Montego Bay, Jamaica. Dorsal
Montego Bay, Jamaica. Dorsal
(f, type. Caparo, Trinidad.
type. Caparo, Trinidad.
type. Caparo, Trinidad.
type. Caparo, Trinidad.
Corozal, Panama. Dor-
MORGAN HEBARD 185
Plate XIII
Pig. 1. — Carihlatta punctulata (Beauvois). 9. Adjuntas, Porto Rico.
Showing maximum size and maximum development of organs of
flight. (X 4i)
Fig. 2. — Carihlatta punctulata (Beauvois). &. San Francisco Mountains,
San Domingo. Showing normal size and normal development
of organs of flight. (X 45)
Fig. 3. — Carihlatta lutea lutea (Saussure and Zehntner). cf. Ormond,
Florida. Showing normal size and normal development in this
sex of organs of flight. (X 45)
Fig. 4. — Carihlatta lutea minima new subspecies, cf. Homestead, Florida.
Showing normal size and extreme reduction in the species of the
genus in the organs of flight. (X 4 J)
Explanation of diagram of fully developed tegmen and wing
in Cariblatfa.
1. Marginal Field. Marginal or Mediastine Field (Brunner); Mediastine
Area (Saussure); Basal Area (Saussure and Zehntner); Mediastinal Area
(Shelford).
2. Scapular Field. Scapular Field (Brunner); Costal Area (Saussure). [1
and 2 termed Marginal Field (Saussure, Saussure and Zehntner); Marginal
Area (Shelford).]
3. Discoidal Field. Discoidal Field (Saussure, Saussure and Zehntner); Dis-
coidal Area (Shelford).
4. Anal Field. Anal Field (Brunner, Saussure, Saussure and Zehntner);
Anal Area (Shelford) .
5. Anterior Field. Anterior Field (Saussure and Zehntner). [Portion to
discoidal vein termed Marginal Field (Saussure).] [Portion between
discoidal vein and first radiate vein termed Discoidal Field (Saussure).]
6. Intercalated Triangle. Triangular Apical Field (Brunner); Intercalated
or Reflexed Field (Saussure); Triangular Apical Area (Shelford).
7. Posterior Field. Posterior Field (Saussure and Zehntner). [Portion in-
cluded between axiUary vein and its branches termed Intermediate or
AxiUary Field (Saussure and Zehntner).] [Portion included between
radiate veins termed Anal Field (Brunner, Saussure); Posterior Field
(Saussure); Radiate Field (Saussure and Zehntner).]
Ms. Mediastine Vein. Mediastine Vein (Brunner; Saussure; Saussure and
Zehntner); Mediastinal Vein (Shelford).
D. Discoidal Vein. Scapular or Principal ^'ein (Brunner); Humeral Vein
(Saussure); Discoidal Vein (Saussure and Zehntner); Radial \'ein (Shel-
ford).
C Costal Veins. Costal Veins of Authors.
M. Median Vein. Median Vein (Brunner, Saussure, Saussure and Zehntner);
Median or Ulnar Vein (Shelford).
Mr. Branches of Median Vein. Rami of Median Vein (Saussure and Zehnt-
ner).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
186 GENUS CARIBLATTA (oRTHOPTERa)
U. Ubiar Vein. Infra-Median Vein (Brunner); Discoidal Vein (Saussure)J
Ulnar Vein (Saussure and Zehntner, Shelf ord). When two veins are found
in wing between the median and anal veins these are tenned Anterior
Ulnar and Posterior Ulnar (Saussure and Zehntner, Shelf ord).
A. Anal Vein. Anal Vein (Brunner (in tegmen only), Saussure, Shelf ord);
Anal Sulcus (Saussure and Zehntner). In wing termed Dividing Vein
(Brunner); Anal or Dividing Vein (Saussure and Zehntner, Shelf ord).
Ax. Axillary Vein. In tegmen Axillary Veins of Authors. In wing Axillary
Veins (Saussure and Zehntner, Shelford); including radiate veins, Axillary
Nervures (Brunner).
R. Radiate Veins. Radiate Veins (Saussure and Zehntner).
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 187
CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE
MUTILLIDAE AND THEIR ALLIES OF AMERICA
NORTH OF MEXICO
BY JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY
As a result of five years collecting in Georgia, I some time ago
became much interested in the study of our southern Mutillidae.
With the lapse of years this interest has widened, and it has been
my good fortune recently to have nearly three months of unin-
terrupted leisure, which I have devoted entirely to the study of
this family and its allies. Much more material must be gathered,
especially from the Southwest, before anything like a satisfactory
monograph of the Mutillidae of the United States can be under-
taken. At present I wish to present, as a result of my recent
work, several papers contributory to our knowledge of the
family.
When the study of a group of insects approaches in any
locality what one might term a ciuantitative stage, we begin to
feel some confidence in the degree of completeness of our knowl-
edge of it in that place. This stage has been approached by the
very extensive collections of Mutillidae made by Mr. Nathan
Banks in eastern Virginia. I wish to express to him my sincere
appreciation of his kindness in permitting me to study his entire
collections from that region. His material has pointed toward
the solution, or actually solved, manj- ciuestions that have
arisen in this work.
I also wish to express my obligations to the following gentlemen
for the loan of material: Mr. G. P. Engelhardt, collections from
Long Island; Mr. Wm. T. Davis, collections made in Georgia
and Florida; Dr. William A. Hilton, collections from southern
California, belonging to Pomona College; Mr. G. M. Greene,
collections from New Jersey and Virginia; Mr. Franklin Sherman,
Jr., collections from North Carolina; Mr. Carl Schaeffer, the
eastern ]Mutillidae of the Brooklyn Museum; Dr. Frank E.
Lutz, collections from Florida belonging to the American Museum
of Natural History; and Dr. Leonard Haseman, specimens from
Missouri.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
188 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
In describing colors in the papers that follow I have used the
terms as defined by Ridgway.^
The classification of the family Mutillidae is moot. I do not
believe that there is at present any firmer basis than personal
opinion or prejudice for answering certain queries that arise
in regard to genera, their status and relations. As time permits
I hope to undertake a comparative studj^ of the genitalia of the
males with the hope of solving some of these questions. In the
mean time I do not wish to express more than a tentative opinion
in regard to the status of such groups as Pseudomethoca, Dasy-
mutilla, Sphaerophthalma, Photopsis, etc. Epliuta SaA' and
Timulla Ashmead are on the other hand, clearlj- defined groups
certainly deserving of generic differentiation from the other
North American Mutillidae.
The attempt made by the late Dr. Ashmead to divide the
Mutillidae into two subfamilies and four tribes, or any number
of either, is entirely untenable. With this statement I l^elieve
any one will agree who may base his conclusions upon a knowl-
edge of the characters presented bj^ the known species, rather
than upon an enthusiasm for a pigeon-hole system of classifica-
tion.
To any one who wishes to settle for himself the validity of the
Ashmeadian classification I would suggest the following com-
parisons :
a). Compare the shape of the petiole of loaco female and male
(type of Pycnomuiilla) with that of harmonia female (tj'pe of
Bruesia) and hexar male (pretty certainly the male of harmonia) .
The former are placed b}^ Ashmead in the Ephutinae character-
ized only by having the first segment petiolate, the latter in Mu-
tillinae distinguished by having it sessile. Compare carefully
the females of waco and harmonia, noting the shape of the head,
thorax, ej^es, clypeus, first segment, and character of the pvgid-
ium. Is there any basis apparent for their generic differentiation?
Compare the males of waco and hexar, noting especially the char-
acteristic crest of hairs on the second ventral segment. Despite
the short wings of ivaco is their generic identit}' not strongly
indicated?
1 Color standards and color nomenclature. By Robert Ridgway
Washington, D. C, pul)lished by the Author, 1912. 1 p. 1., iv, 44 p. 53 col. pi.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 189
b). Examine the petioles of pluto (type of Xeophofopsis),
imperialis (type of Photopsis) , exogyrus (type of Odontophotopsis) ,
helicaon (Photopsis), and albicinda (Photopsis). These are all
supposed to be sessile and to belong to the Mutillinae. Com-
pare with them the petioles of pennsylvanica ( = scaeva, type of
Sphaerophthalma) , lepeletierii (a Dasymutilla), and the male of
waco (type of Pycnomutilla) . These three are placed by Dr.
Ashmead in the Ephutinae, characterized by petioliform first
segments.
c) . Compare the e^-es of the female grandiceps (tj-pe of Myr-
milloides) and the female of canadensis (type of Pseudomethoca)
with simillima or viontivaga (one of which is doubtless the female
of sanbornii, type of Xomiaephagus). In Nomiaephagus the
eye is supposed to be "small, rounded, hemispherical or ellip-
soidal, prominently convex, smooth and highly polished, not
facetted or with the facets vaguely defined" and therefore to
belong to the tribe Photopsidini. The two former (i. e. grandiceps
and canadensis), are supposed to have their eyes "larger, not
rounded or hemispherical, ovate, obovate or ellipsoidal, always
distinctly facetted." Do the specimens carry out the distinction,
if there be any? Is the distinction as stated a wise one for the
recognition of two tribes? Before deciding about the facetting,
compare a number of specimens of each species and also of
ivaco, propinqua, and nana (in the latter two the}' are supposed
not to be facetted). Compare the eyes of the males of the first
mentioned species, including sanhoj-nii.
d). Compare the eyes of exogyrus (tj'pe of Odontophotopsis) ,
pluto (type of Neophotopsis), nana (type of MicroniutUla) , and im~
perialis (type of Photopsis) , all of which are supposed to have the
eyes "small, rounded, etc.," (and all of which really have ex-
traordinarily large, bead-like eyes) with the males of grandiceps
(type of Myrmilloides) and canadensis (type of Pseudomethoca),
in both of which they are said to be "larger, not rountled, etc."
The reverse as to size is most emphatically the case. Further-
more the eyes of nana are strongly facetted, although placed in
the Photopsidini where they are supposed not to be.
e). Examine the mandibles of sanbornii (type of Nomiae-
phagus) and of hexar (probable male of harmonia, type of Bruesia).
TBANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
190 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
They show no trace of the inferior incision which is supposed to
separate them from, certain other genera.
f). Compare the wings of several specimens of imperialis and
of pluto (type of Neophotopsis). The former is supposed to have
two, the latter only one, recurrent vein, that being the method
of distinguishing between the two genera. In imperialis the
second recurrent vein is represented by a very faint color mark,
sometimes perceptible with difficulty and for only part of its
length. In pluto it is usuall}^ less distinct, but sometimes faintly
indicated. Is it an acceptable character for separating genera
and groups of genera?
The following table will illustrate the classification of the
Mutillidae, albeit a tentative one, used in the present series of
papers.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY
191
a. 3
S e °
Z -£
0. — — ■
_< <
•^^ ■? £i.
2 J -3
St o ;^ ^
2 S i 'o
g3<
B T3 -i;
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
192 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
I. A REVISION OF EPHUTA SA Y, A GENUS OF MUTIL-
LIDAE EQUIVALENT TO THE SPECIES GROUP
SCRUPEA OF FOX
In describing several new males of this genus, I take occasion
to present a revised key to the species of America north of Mexico,
and a brief review of our knowledge of the group.
A Key to the Males of the Species of America North of Mexico
(The females of only one species, puteola, are known.)
1. Head and thorax entirely black (2)
Head, thorax, and abdomen except apex red; an interrupted, straight
carina between the eyes and bases of the antennae. . . .slossonae Fox
2. Abdomen entirely red (3)
Entire insect black, or in one species the second abdominal segment largely
red (4)
3. Petiole red, except at base; second abdominal segment rather coarsely,
closely punctured, with pubescence entirely reddish yellow.
copano Blake
Petiole black; second abdominal segment more coarsely punctured, its
pubescence largely dusky susura Melander
4. Tegulae finely, often sparsely punctulate, more or less polished, at most
with a few medium sized punctures near the base (5)
Tegulae very rugosely punctured and hirsute entirely or nearly to the
tip (7)
5. Tegulae with a strong, longitudinal, curved, ridge, minutely and evenly
punctulate all over, with no coarser punctures; ti'ansverse diameter of
posterior ocelli equal to approximately one-third of their distance from
the eyes, equal to about three-fourths their distance from each other,
greater than their distance from the front ocellus; abdomen entirely
black tegulicia n. sp.
Tegulae not longitudinally ridged, or very feebly ridged at base, in which
case there are some coarser punctures, and the second abdominal seg-
ment is red (6)
6.' Transverse diameter of the posterior ocelli slightly less than one-fourth as
great as their distance from the eyes, equal to about one-third of their
distance from each other and about two-thirds of their distance from
the front ocellus; tegulae with minute, regular punctulation only; entire
insect black, the apical segments with griseous bands. . . . grisea n. sp.
Transverse diameter of the posterior ocelli about one-half as great as their
distance from the eyes, equal to seven-ninths of their distance from each
other, and about one and one-half times theiu distance from the front
ocellus; tegulae with a few coarse basal punctures; second abdominal
segment red, the apical segments with only scant, scattered, griseous,
pubescence. , battlei n. sp.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 193
7. Carinae below the antennae parallel for a distance, usualh' al)oiit half-way
to the margin of the clypeus, where the.v are produced into a tooth,
sometimes connected by a transverse carina, and then diverge in straight
lines to the sides of the anterior margin of the clj-peus, delimiting a
triangle; propodeum with its posterior face reticulate, not separated from
the dorsal by a prominent transverse ridge scrupea Say
Carinae below the antennae flaring immediately in a wide curve to the sides
of the anterior margin of the clypeus; caudal face of the propodeum not
reticulate, usually polished and sometimes with weak rugosities, separated
from the dorsal surface by a strong transverse ridge. . . .pauxilla n. sp.
Ephuta slossonae (Fox)
1899. Mulllla slossonae Fox, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 35:273, cf .
Known only from the unique type from "Florida," until
recently recorded by G. M. Greene from Loggerhead Key, Dry
Tortugas, July 8, 1912, one specimen collected by Messrs. Rehn
and Hebard. I have received two specimens from Mrs. Slosson,
collected at Biscayne Ba}', Florida; two from Clearwater, Florida,
29 April, 1908, collected by E. P. \'anDuzee; one from Exter,
Florida, also collected by Mr. VanDuzee, in the collection of the
American Museum of Natwral History.
The coloration is quite constant.
Ephuta copano (Blake)
1871. Mulilla copano Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 3:232, cf.
Texas and Mexico.
Ephuta susura (Melander)
1903. Mutilla susura Melander, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.,^:324, o^.
I have not seen this species. The description would apply
in all details except as noted in the kej" to copano, but Melander
states that the second dorsal segment is more coarsely punctate
than in that species.
Known from the unique type from Galveston, Texas, presum-
abl}'^ in the collection of Mr. Melander.
Ephuta tegulicia n. sp.
cf . Coal-black ; with erect and appressed short, white, pubescence, the head
and thorax appearing griseous, the petiole and the second dorsal segment with
an apical band of short, thick, white, appressed, pubescence, on the other seg-
ments only sparse, erect, white hairs; wings slightly infuscated. a little paler in
the middle. Length 8 mm.
Head coarsely rugosely punctured, much obscured by vestiture below the
ocelli; transverse diameter of the hind ocelli, .7 mm., of the front ocellus, .21
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
194 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
mm.; the distance of the former from each other, .25 mm., from the eyes, .47
mm., from the front ocellus, .1 mm.; between the antennae two high, thin car-
inae diverge shortly, then proceed downward nearly parallel but very slightly
converging about half-way to the anterior margin of the clypeus, at which
point they are connected by a carina, turn outward, and rapidly diminishing in
height, disappear a considerable distance before reaching the reflexed margin
of the clypeus, the enclosed space rather oval, smooth and highly polished.
Third antennal segment broader than long, approximately two-thirds of the
length of the fourth, on its inferior surface.
Anteriorly the thorax is squarely truncate, its cephalic surface vertical, im-
punctate, polished, the humeral angles produced and strongly carinate, an
inferior prolongation of these carinae traversing the side pieces of the pronotum
obliquely. The most obvious features of the thorax are the large, very thick,
tegulae, shaped like a horse-mussel, which slope on either side from a median
longitudinal ridge running their entire length, and are very minutely and
regularly, but not closely punctulate and setose. The coarse punctuation of
the pronotum is much concealed by vestiture, that of the mesonotum less so
and more coarse; the scutellum is gibbous and rugosely punctured, with
erect hairs longer than elsewhere on the dorsum; dorsal surface of the pro-
podeum very coarsely reticulate or irregularly areolate, the median ceils co-
alesced into a large irregular areola, with a median carina abbreviated in front
and behind, this surface with rosette-like appressed, fine and silky pubescence;
the truncate, polished, smooth caudal surface separated from the dorsal by a
dentate ridge; the lateral surfaces with three or four rows of coarse reticulate
punctures.
In the hind wing Sc+R+M terminates as a chitinized vein, about half-
way to the apex of the cell M, and shows metallic violaceous reflections; other
veins are piceous.
Petiole transverse, rather cylindrical, coarsely punctured, with a keel but
no tooth beneath; second segment evenly and coarsely, remaining segments
more finely and sparsely, punctured, the pygidial segment rugosety punctured;
the last ventral segment black, and closely, somewhat rugosely punctured;
third to sixth and base of seventh dorsal segments with a longitudinal keel.
Type. — Fedor, Lee County, Texas, 1 to 7 June, 1909. Collec-
tion of Mr. Nathan Banks.
Ephuta grisea n. sp.
c? . Coal-black, with erect and appressed white pubescence, the ai)ex of the
petiole and second dorsal segment with a band of fine, curly, white pu])escence,
similar but weaker bands on the apex of the third and fourth segments; wings
somewhat unevenly infuscated. Length 9 mm.
Head coarsely rugosely punctured, the front a little less coarsely than the
vertex, the sculpture concealed above the base of the antennae by the \'estitin-e;
transverse diameter of the hind ocelli .11 mm., of the front ocellus .17 mm.;
distance of the former from each other .32 mm., from the eyes .53 mm., from
the front ocellus .17 mm.; from between the antennae a carina on each side
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 195
slopes away in a nearly straight line toward the side of the olyj)eus, disappear-
ing before reaching the same and thus setting off a not very deep triangular
basin with two tall sides and a not very wide base, its bottom roughened, not
polished, the carinae each with a weak median tooth; anterior margin of cly-
peus not reflexed. Third antennal segment broader than Ijody, about two-
thirds the length of the fourth.
Dorsum with sculpture and vestiture as described for tegulicia, l)ut the
humeral angles are much less pronounced, hardly carinate, the ol:)liciue carinae
on the sides of the pronotum weak and concealed b}' vestitiu'e. The tegulae
are large, but not thick as in tegulicia, evenly Ijut not strongly convex, without
a median ridge, very sparsely, finely and minutely punctulate, the punctures
uneven and apically almost wanting. Dorsal face of propodeum coarsely
reticulate, the reticulations smaller and more niunerous than in t<-(/idicia,
with a median longitudinal irregular area; basallj- with ap])i'essed silky pubes-
cence, the posterior face separated from the dorsal by an indistinct irregular
carina, more weakly reticulate than the dorsal; the lateral faces with several
rows of reticulate punctures.
Veins piceous; Sc-fR + M in the hind wings weakly violaceous, al)Out half as
long as the median cell.
Petiole rather cylindrical, coarsely punctured, with a strong ventral keel,
not toothed; second segment evenly, closely, coarsely punctured, a little more
coarsely on the venter, its dorsal disc noticeal)ly flattened, laterally with large
areas of very fine short appressed white pubescence, which replace the felted
lines of many Mutillidae; the remaining dorsal segments are a little less coarsely
but not sparsely punctured, the punctures closer on the pygidivun, each of these
with a longitudinal median keel; the last ventral segment reddish, buff at base.
Type material. — Holotype: Colorado, collection of the Amer-
ican Entomological Society; two paratopotypes; two paratypes
from Montana, all in the collection of that Society.
All of these were included by Mr. Fox under the species
scrupea Say. The last ventral segment is sometimes piceous.
Ephuta battle! n. sp.
cf . Coal-black, the second abdominal segment red, with a darker stain
above, the other segments piceous; clothed with rather scanty appressed and
erect white pubescence, the petiole above and the apex of the second dorsal
segment each with a band of appressed pubescence, the latter rather meagre;
front wings fuscous, the median cell nearly hyaline; ai)ical third of the hind
wings fuscous. Length 5.5 mm.
Head coarsely, rugosely punctured, neither more finely jmncturcd nor ob-
scured by vestiture below the front ocellus, above the antennae with a deep
median channel; ocelli unusually large, the transverse diameter of the posterior
ocelli .15 mm., of the anterior ocellus .15 mm.; the distance of the former from
■each other .19 mm., from the eyes .28 mm., from the front ocellus .09 mm.;
between the antennae high carinae enclose a small, deep, square basin, from
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
196 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
the lower lateral angles of this a straight carina on each side proceeds at a wide
angle almost to the side of the reflexed margin of the ctypeus, enclosing a
smooth, polished, equilateral triangle with truncate apex. Third segment of the
antennae below wider than long, almost as long as the pedicel, hardly more than
half as long as the fourth segment.
Humeral angles very prominent, strongly carinate, the carina below bent
and traversing the side pieces of the pronotum almost cephalo-caudad ; prono-
tum with side pieces impunctate, dorsally with the mesonotum very coarsely
punctured, sparsely pubescent; scutellum convex but hardly gibbous, coarsely
punctured; mesopleura coarsely punctured, densely pubescent; dorsal sur-
face of propodeum with two rows of large reticulations or areoles, becoming
smaller laterally, the median basal one largest; dorsal surface separated from
the smooth, polished posterior surface by a prominent transverse arched rim;
sides irregularly reticulate.
Veins piceous, wanting in the hind wings, there being no closed cells, but
Sc+R+M and a short weakly chitinized piceous stump of another vein, are
present, but without violaceous reflections.
Petiole rugose, rather cyUndrical, transverse, keeled ventrally, the keel
with an anterior recurved tooth; second segment coarsely evenly punctured,
the punctures becoming sparse and finer posteriorly; remaining segments each
with a median keel, and finely, sparsely punctured, the last more closely but
not roughly nor coarsely; last ventral segment buff, weakly punctured.
Type material. — Holotype: Bainbridge, Decatur County,
Georgia, 15 to 27 July, 1909, collected by the author. Collection
of Cornell University, No. 106.1. One paratopotype, same date.
Dedicated to Paul Battle of Bainbridge, Georgia, my faithful
companion on many a collecting trip.
Ephuta scrupea Say
1836. MutUla scrupea Say, Journ. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1 : 297, d".
Ocellar measurements are as follows: transverse diameter of
the posterior ocelli .13 mm., of the front ocellus .16 mm.; distance
of the former from each other .19 mm., from the eyes .40 mm.,
from the front ocellus .10 mm.
. Of a large series of specimens of Ephuta collected by Mr.
Nathan Banks in Virginia, twenty-eight belong here and nine-
teen in pauxiUa. In deciding to which of these two species
Say's name scrupea should apply, I was guided by his description
of the propodeum, which would not seem to fit pauxilla so well
as the other. The remainder of the description might apply to
either.
Of the specimens assigned by Fox^ to scrupea, those from Con-
necticut and Delaware belong to pauxilla, the one from Texas
1 Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 1899, 25:272.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 197
is of doubtful identity and probably represents an undescribed
species, as does the one from California. The specimens from
Colorado and Montana become the types of grisea. It will,
therefore, be seen that Fox did not know what I consider the
true scrupea. It is unlikely that the species occurs in the Rocky
Mountain States.
Habitat: Indiana (type locality-). Virginia: Falls Church, Juno 19, July 7,
13, 14, 16, 21, 28, 31, August 2, 7, 11, 30, 31, September 19, 25 specimens;
Great Falls, July 13 and 31, 3 specimens; Glencarlyn, July 26, 3 specimens,
all collected by Mr. Nathan Banks.
Ephuta pauxilla n. sp.
(f. Coal-black, with meagre white pubescence; apex of petiole and of the
second segment with a band of appressed white pubescence; wings medially
nearh- In-aline, infumcd around the edges. Length S mm., paratype 6 to 10
mm.
Head coarsely rugoso-punctate, less coarselj- on the front, which is without
a median' channel at base of the antennae; transverse diameter of the posterior
ocelli .13 mm., of the anterior ocellus .16 mm., distance of the former from each
other .26 mm., from the eyes .43 mm., from the anterior ocellus .13 mm.; from
between the antennae two high, thin carinae flare in a somew'^.at sinuous cur\'e,
abruptl}^ diminishing in height, to the sides of the margin of the cljq^eus, set-
ting off a spatulate basin with striolate bottom.
The humeral angles are weak, scarcely carinate, pronotum and mesonotum
coarsely punctured, the latter with flattened irregular interstices, side pieces
of the former punctate onlj'- above the almost longitudinal median carina;
dorsum sparsely pubescent; tegulae large, verj^ rugose, thick, weakty ridged,
but the ridge lost in the rugose pimctures; scutellum convex but hardh' gib-
bous, coarsely punctured; mesopleura with coarse punctures obscured bj^
vestiturc; dorsal surface of the propodeum with coarse reticulate areas, be-
coming smaller laterally, the basal median one largest, elongate, irregular, the
posterior surface not or but shghth" roughened, not reticulate, separated from
the dorsal by a prominent, arched, crenulate, ridge.
Veins piceous, very faint in the hind wings; Sc-fR-fM chitinized 1)asally
in the latter.
Petiole rugose; rather cylindrical, the keel with a long, anterior, reciu-\-ed,
blunt hook, and two basal teeth; second segment evenly, coarsely punctured;
apical dorsal segments sparselj' punctulate, more closely l:)ut not coarsely on the
last, eacli with a keel; last ventral segment mostly 1)ufT, weakly pimctured.
Type Material. — Holotj'pe: Falls Church, Virginia, collected
by Mr. Nathan Banks from hone}' dew on a tulip tree, August 8.
Cornell University Xo. 105.1; eighteen paratopotypes, Jul>- 12,
14, 21, 28, August 2, 4, 9, 23, 31 and September 17. A specimen
from Fedor, Lee County, Texas, June 21, 1909, seems identical.
TEANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
198 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Ephuta puteola (Blake)
1879. Mutilla puteola Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:252, 9 .
The female only known, and may include more than one species,
which however I am unable to separate. A specimen collected
by Mr. Banks in Virginia only 3 mm. in length and with sparse
small punctures on the head, is possibly distinct, but it seems
advisable to await more material before deciding.
Habitat. — New York: Yaphank, Long Island, September 24, '11, 2 9 , and
Long Island, May 19, "07, 1 9 , (G. P. Engelhardt), [coll. of same]. Pennsyl-
vania: Beatty, 1 9 ; Philadelphia, 1 9 , [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Virginia: Penning-
ton Gap, 1 9, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]; Falls Church, Great Falls, and Glencarlyn,
May 10 to September 5, 11 9 , (N. Banks), [coll. N. Banks]. North Carolina:
Southern Pines, July 18, '08, 1 9, (A. H. Manee). Georgia: Rabun County,
June '09, 2000 to 3700 ft. elev., 1 9 , and Clayton, Rabun County, July '10, 1
9, (W. T. Davis). Alabama, 2 9, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Texas, 2 9, [Amer.
Ent. Soc.].
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 199
CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE
MUTILLIDAE AND THEIR ALLIES OF AMERICA
NORTH OF MEXICO
BY JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY
II. A REVISION OF TIAIULLA ASHMEAD, A SUBGENUS
OF MUTILLA EQUIVALENT TO THE SPECIES
GROUP HEXAGON A OF FOX
Failure to apprehend certain excellent structural character-
istics which in reality differentiate the males of our eastern species
of this group, and consequent attempts to separate them bj' their
color, has led to complete confusion. Five abundantly char-
acterized, distinct species have been included under the names
hcxagona, promethea and floridensis. The character by which
separation has heretofore been sought, especially of the two
former, has been largely the degree of redness. Erythrization,
the replacing of black with red, is a phenomenon commonly met
with in Hymenoptera as we proceed from north to south in the
eastern United States. Consequently, when the species are
correctl}' separated, it is no surprise to find each of them var^-ing
to a greater or less extent from red to black. In the species
rufa, as here defined, we find the majority of the northern speci-
mens with black head and thorax, all of the southern ones, except
one from northern Georgia, and some northern ones with head
and thorax partially red ; of briaxus I have specimens from Virginia
and northward, all with black thorax, and one from Florida with
red dorsum; of hexagona my series is smaller, but the only two
entirely black ones come from Virginia; promethea is entirely
confined to the far south, and all the specimens have the top of
the head and the dorsum red; Jloridensis is confined to south
Georgia and Florida, and has not only the dorsum but also the
sides of the thorax red, except in one specimen from Georgia.
It would seem, from the evidence at hand, that the red forms
are to be looked for not only in the distinctly Lower Austral Zone,
but also in its northern coastal extension, while the black forms
occur inland and perhaps far southward in the Carolinian Zone.
TRANS. AM. EXT. .SOC, XLII.
200 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
This is suggested by the fact that the only red specimens I have
from the north came from along the coast, Ocean County, New
Jersey, and Yaphank, Long Island, while Melander records
them from Woods Holl, Mass. A series of twenty, representing
three species, collected by Mr. Nathan Banks at Falls Church
in the Piedmont region of Virginia are all black, and so is the only
specimen that I have from Upper Austral Georgia, namely,
from Austell, while all of my numerous specimens from Lower
Austral localities, namely. Southern Pines, North Carolina; St.
Simon Island, Okefenokee Swamp and Decatur County, Georgia,
and various Florida localities are all red. The present evidence
therefore suggests that black specimens of hexagona, rufa and
briaxus are to be looked for in the LTpper Austral region, except
along the very coast, and red ones in the Lower Austral and
strictly coastal regions of the Carolinian.
The following characters of the males, varying within the
genus but showing no variation within the species, are of impor-
tance for specific diagnosis: shape and size of tooth on the infe-
rior margins of the mandibles, or its absence; shape and sculp-
ture of the face, size of the ocelli (varying within certain limits,
see remarks under hexagona), presence and shape of a swelling
on each side of the mesosternum; presence of a carina or other
process on the middle coxa in front, and of a subapical blunt
tooth behind; nature of lateral carinae or tubercles on the fifth
to eighth ventral segments, and armature of the pygidial segment.
The females of the genus have heretofore been all associated
under the name dubitata Smith, excepting euterpe which occurs
only in Florida. Rohwer has identified certain Coloradan
females with briaxus Blake, known otherwise in the male sex.
The statement has been general that dubitata is the female of
hexagona.
When I received the type of ornati'pennis from Mr. Manee, it
still held, clasped in its mandibles around the neck, a female,
with which it had presumably been mating. The extreme sim-
ilarity of this female, evidently belonging to the very rare ornati-
'pennis, with the very common eastern dubitata, led to the sus-
picion that this was in reality a composite species. A careful
study of over one hundred specimens of "dubitata" from various
regions, substantiates this inference. There are four species
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 201
each represented by a considerable number of specimens, and
probably three others from the extreme south represented by a
small number. The former seem to correspond sufficiently both
in distribution and abundance to the four commoner eastern
males, briazus, hexagona, rufa, and proriiethea, to make their asso-
ciation justifiable, at least tentativel}-, and certainly preferable
to the creation of new names.
There can be little query concerning the identity of the females
that I here call briaxus with that species, and by reason of their
truncate thorax and square humeral angles the individuals of
this species are more readily recognized than some of the others.
Like the males of briaxus these are the only females occurring in
Canada. They occur in Colorado and are common in the North-
east south to Virginia. I am led to identify promethea as such,
by the fact that, like the male, it occurs only in South Georgia
and Florida, and is common at Spring Creek, where I took many
males of promethea. Of another species I have two females
caught at Yaphank, Long Island, on the same day that males of
hexagona were caught, and this taken with similar distribution
leads me to assign this group of females to hexagona. There
remains the fourth group, which agreeing in distribution, must
be assumed to be rufa.^ I am well aware that this method of
associating sexes is not conclusive, but under the circumstances it
seems to me better in the present case than to establish the
females under new specific names.
The only character by which I have been able to separate the
females is the shape of the thorax, and this can not be expressed
in a key with sufficient exactness to make it probable that it can
be used for the identification of specimens without a series for
comparison. The structure of the pygidium varies from entirely
1 Since drawing this conclusion it has been substantiated by the receipt from
IVIr. Banks of a male riifa pinned with one of these females, and taken together
but not in coitu. Still later I have seen in the collection of the United States
National Museum a male briaxus pinned with the female as above defined,
from Centreville, Florida, and bearing the label "Taken in copulation, Hub-
bard," and also a male promdhea stated by R. A. Cushman to have been
positively taken in copulation with the female specimen with which it is
pinned, at Tallulah, Louisiana. This female is a typical specimen of the
form which I have above assigned to promethea. The females of briaxus,
promethea, rufa, and ornatipennis may therefore be considered as positively
established.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
202 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
smooth to granular and through various stages of wrinkhng to
completely rugose. I can not conclude that its differences are
specific; nor are those found in the carina of the petiole.
In these four species this carina usuallj^ has an anterior tooth,
which sometimes is reduced or wanting or modified in shape.
The color is no better. Specimens with an excess of black pu-
bescence on the abdomen are in the majority in briaxiis including
ornativentris, but individuals of other species approach this con-
dition and exceed that of some specimens of briaxus. I am in-
clined to think it possible that the amount of black pubescence
may to some extent be correlated with locality, as is the case
with the blackness of thorax of the male. The amount of silvery
pubescence is similarly variable.
Males
1. Scape with a dense brush of white pubescence beneath, at apex or along
entire length. In one species with barred wings this brush is thin, but
the hairs are long and white ; ocelli small, the posterior pair distant from
the eyes by from two and one-half to five times their transverse diam-
eter (2)
Scape without a brush of white pubescence, nearly nude beneath with
moderate, appressed, grey, pubescence above, or with that also largely
wanting; wings never barred (6)
2. Pygidium with a raised longitudinal impunctate, polished platform, strongly
elevated posteriorly and terminating before the apex of the segment in
the flaring arms of a prominent Y-shaped carina, best seen from an apical
view, the stem of which reaches the apex of the pygidium in the median
line; wings fuscous but without a transverse hyaline band (4)
Pygidium with a low median impunctate poHshed ridge, terminating
rather gradually before the apex, there being no carina between its apex
and that of the segment; wings with a hyahne transverse band, giving
the species a strikingly ornate appearance; basal segment of scape strongly
compressed (3)
3. Scape not carinate, with a very dense brush of long white pubescence;
clypeus with a median tubercle near its apex; eyes distant from the
posterior ocelli by five times the diameter of the latter .... barbata Fox
Scape with a strongly raised carina near its apex (sometimes weak), its
white pubescence sparse; clypeus without a median tubercle; eyes distant
from the posterior ocelli liy three times the diameter of the latter.
ornatipennis n. sp.
4. Middle coxae with a strong inner subajiical tooth, pointing Ixickwards;
.tut)ercles on mesosternum transverse, their anterior margins subtrun-
■cate and nearly vertical; fifth ventral segment and sometimes the sixth
without tubercles, the sixth and seventh usually with weak tubercles
and the eighth with a moderately strong, ol)liqu(>, dentiform carii.a on
•each side (5)
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 203
Middle coxae unarmed; tubercles on mesosternum oblique, without trun-
cate anterior margin; sixth and following ventral segments on each side
with strong mammiliform tubercles, the fifth also with a trace of a
tubercle barbigera n. sp.
5. Dorsal abdominal segments with long, dense, rather tomentose, orange
pubescence grotei Blake
Dorsal segments with much shorter and sparser, red or black, erect, pubes-
cence, not at all tomentose briaxus Blake
6. Inferior border of mandil)les with a deep emargination and large tooth near
the base; ocelli small, the distance of the posterior pair from the ej'es
equal to from three to four and one-half times their transverse diam-
eter (7)
Inferior margin of the mandibles not emarginate; ocelli usually large, the
distance of the posterior pair from the eyes (except in rufosignata)
equal to or at most two times their transverse diameter; mesosternum
not tuberculate (11)
7. Pygidium with a low median impunctate ridge, not elevated posteriorly,
but continued on the apical half of the segment by a low but sharp me-
dian carina which has no lateral arm.s; sixth, seventh and eighth ventral
segments with mammiliform tubercles, those on the sixth minute; middle
coxae without subapical teeth, but with an anterior swelling.
promethea Blake
Pygidium with a median, raised, impunctate, polished ridge, strongly ele-
vated posteriorly, and there abruptly terminated by the spreading arms
of a Y-shaped carina which extends to the apex of the segment, the arms
of the Y being usually very short, in one species the ridge itself almost
wanting, the Y-shaped carina alone distinct (8)
8. Arms of the carina on the pj-gidium spreading broadly, enclosing a broad
ridge or elevated platform ; fifth and sixth ventral segments with a papilla
on each side, that on the sixth prominent, while the seventh and eighth
have oblique, low, not angular nor toothed, carinae; middle coxae with
a weak posterior subapical tooth, and a sharply carinate swelling on the
anterior part rufa Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau
Arms of the carina on the pygidium very short, the tip of the ridge being
therefore very narrow; fifth ventral segment without and sixth without
or in one species with very small lateral tubercles (9)
9. The vertex between the anterior and posterior ocelli prominently elevated
on each side, the posterior ocelli in an almost vertical position, their
distance from the eyes four and one-half times their diameter; pubescence
of abdomen sparse and mostly dark red, with a small quantity of fine,
appressed, coppery pubescence floridensis Blake
The vertex not unusually elevated between the ocelli, the posterior pair
more oblique, their distance from the eyes three and one-half times their
diameter; pubescence of abdomen dense and longer, orange colored, and
with much fine, appressed, golden pubescence on the apex of each seg-
ment (10)
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
204 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
10. Punctuation of the third and following dorsal segments shallow, small,
and except on the sides sparse, the vestiture correspondingly sparse;
minute tubercles on the sides of the sixth ventral segment; posterior
ocelli separated from each other bj' three times the length of their trans-
verse diameter nestor Blake
Punctuation of the third and following dorsal segments dense and not
shallow, the vestiture correspondingly dense; sixth ventral segment
unarmed; posterior ocelli separated by twice the length of their diam-
eter oajaca Blake
11. Pj'gidium with a median carina which is very strongly angularly ele-
vated some distance before the apex; sixth ventral segment simple,
seventh with a short oblique carina, eighth with a long low ridge on each
side; scape of antennae not carinate navasota n. sp.
Pygidium with a Y-shaped apical cai'ina, the two arms of the Y eml)racing
the abrupt termination of a median, longitudinal, raised, impunctate,
polished platform; scape in front bicarinate, in one species rather feebty
so (12)
12. Distance of the eyes from the posterior ocelli three times as great as the
diameter of the latter, this equal to three-fifths of their distance from
the front ocellus rufosignata n. sp.
Distance of the eyes from the posterior ocelli less than twice as great as the
diameter of the latter, this equal to or exceeding their distance from the
front ocellus (13)
13. Distance of the eyes from the posterior ocelli equal to about one and one-
half times their diameter (1.5-l.S); this about equal to their distance
from the front ocellus hexagona Say
Distance of the eyes from the posterior ocelli scarcely exceeding the diam-
eter of the latter (1.2 thereof); this equal to about one and one-half
times their distance from the front ocellus sayi Blake
Females
1. Head orange red (2)
Head black, front sometimes a little reddish; thorax with sides nearly
straight, slightly concave, not much widened behind, posterior face
squarely truncate oajaca Blake
2. Sides of thorax very deeply emarginate, only three-fourths as wide in the
middle as behind or in front, the width in front and behind subequal;
posterior face truncate; last three dorsal abdominal segments red.
euterpe Blake
Sides of the thorax much less deeply, sometimes not, emarginate (3)
3. Sides of the thorax not noticeably emarginate; thorax i)osteriorly gradually
sloped; inferior carina of i)etiole with an anterior blunt tooth, not red at
apex ornatipennis n. sp.
Sides of tliorax distinctly emarginate (-1)
4. Thorax much widened and truncate posteriorly promethea Blake
Thorax little or no wider behind than in front (5)
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 205
5. Thorax rather long with its caudal face sloping and gradually rounded into
the dorsal, the humeral angles (as seen from aljovej rounded.
rufa Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau
Thorax long, its humeral angles broadly rounded, its posterior face truncate,
but rounded above into the dorsum hexagona Saj'.
Thorax short, rectangular, its humeral angles sharp, its posterior face
squarely truncate and rather sharply separated from the dorsal.
briaxus Blake
Mutilla (Timulla) barbata Fox
1899. Mutilla barhata Fox, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 25:212, cf .
This species is still known only from the unique t\'pe. It is a
close ally of the following. The transverse diameter of the
posterior ocelli is .09 mm.; their distance from the eyes .43 mm.,
from each other .38 mm., from the front ocellus .21 mm.
Habitat. — ^Missouri.
Mutilla (Timullaj ornatipennis n. sp.
cf . Orange rufous, the second dorsal segment medially xanthine orange,
apical segments auburn-black, antennae black, the tip of scape and the pedicel
pale; legs black; front and dorsum with sparse, short, erect, red hairs; pro-
podeum with sparse, erect, short, white hairs, under side of sca})e, base of man-
dibles, sternal parts and under surface of coxae and femora with mostly rather
dense, long, white pubescence; head with silky, appressed, red pubescence;
dorsum with short, depressed, red pubescence; second and third dorsal segments
with very sparse and short, appressed, white hairs, along the apex with dense
appressed, bristly, red pubescence; following three segments with similar white
pubescence, the seventh with depressed, sparse, white pubescence; wings ornate,
fuscous, a transverse, broad, hyaline band in the region of the stigma, the cell M
except at apex, and the extreme ajiical margin also hyaline, the darkest fuscous
is at the apex of the cells 2d Ri+Ko ;ind K4. Length 11 to 17 mm. (Type 17
mm.)
Vertex and front rather shallowly punctured, the punctures separated;
diameter of the posterior ocelli .17 mm., their distance from the ej-es .58 mm.,
from each other .42 mm., from the front ocellus .28 mm.; platform on the front
at base of the antennae with only feeble bounding carinae; face below the
antennae raised to form a rounded tubercle, bearing a tuft of white hairs, the
clypeus below strongty concave, impimetate, and i)olishcd clear to the leases
of the mandibles, without a median tubercle, the margin subtruncate; man-
dibles with a very deep external notch and tooth on the inferior border. Anterior
margin of the scape with a carina inflated ])eyond the middle, forming a
rounded tooth; first segment of the flagellum greatly compressed, approxi-
mately ec}ual to the second.
Pronotum weakly, l)ut clo.sely punctured, its side pieces obsoletely; these
each with an inferior, vertical, anterior carina; mesonotum and scutellum with
close round punctures, the scutellum convex; mesopleura each with a shallow
oblique fossa interrupted near the posterior borders; mesosternum on each
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
206 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
side with a weak round tubercle; the inner surface of the mesocoxae with a
week anterior carina and a small subapical tubercle; propodeum reticulate,
with a median basal irregular channel.
Petiole with a carina beneath, not incised nor toothed, truncate posteriorly;
second ventral segment posteriorly with a transverse raised ridge; sixth ventral
segment with a small papilla on each side; seventh and eighth each with an
oblique carina, raised and subtruncate posteriorly; second dorsal segment
impunctate medially; pygidium coarsely punctured, truncate, with a median
impunctate ridge which terminates some distance before the apex of the seg-
ment.
The carina on the scape is less elevated in one of the paratypes.
9 . Mahogany red, abdomen from third segment to apex, antennae,
tibiae and tarsi black; each segment of the abdomen with an apical band of
white pubescence, that on the third interrupted medially, on the second with a
triangular median elongation; other pubescence small and sparse, the sides and
ventral parts with a silvery sheen.
Tijpe material. — Holotype, cT, and allotype, 9 : Southern
Pines, North Carolina, August 12, 1907, (A. H. IVIanee), [Cornell
University, Nos. 111.1, 111.2]. Paratopotype d" ; Sept. 1, 1911,
(A. H. Manee), [Nathan Banks]; paratype, 1 d^, Spring Creek,
Decatur County, Georgia, June 1 to 23, 1911, (the author) ; para-
tj^pes, 2 cT, Falls Church, Virginia, 16 Sept., at honey dew on
tulip tree (N. Banks), [N. Banks and Cornell University].
Additional female: Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, Georgia,
June 1912, (Cornell University Expedition).
This species evidently replaces harhata in the east, and is very
closely related to that species. The much sparser brush of hairs
and carina on the scape and absence of a clypeal tubercle will
distinguish it. It approaches no other species very closely in
the male sex.
The allotype of this species was pinned below the holotype,
which still held her with jaws clasped around her neck.
Mutilla (Timulla) barbigera n. sp.
6^. Black and red; head black, its upper half mahogany red; antennae
black, the tip of scape and the pedicel red; thorax black, the pronotum and
mesonotum mahogany red; legs black; petiole black; rest of abdomen Sanford's
brown ; rather thickly clothed with short, erect, black pubescence, which is dense
along the apex of the second and third dorsal segments, not mixed with short
appressed pubescence; wings dark brown. Length 19 mm.
Head closely, shallowly punctured; transverse diameter of the posterior
ocelli .21 mm., their distance from the eyes .75 mm., from each other .58 mm.,
from the front ocellus .36 mm.; inferior margin of the mandibles with a rather
small tooth, not deeply emarginate; scape linetl l)encath with silvery white
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 207
pubescence, which is lengthened apically into a brush, not carinate; the first
segment of the flagellum not strongly compressed, equal to the second.
Side pieces of pronotum, each with an inferior carina near its anterior
border; scutellum strongly convex and coarsely closely punctured; mesopleura
with an oblique fossa, interrupted before the hind margin; mesosternum on
each side with an oblique, not carinate tubercle, inner surface of mesocoxae
with a swelling, smooth in front, their posterior surface without a subapical
tooth.
Carina beneath the petiole rather prominent, thick, deepl}^ notched in the
middle; middle of the second ventral near the base shghtly prominent but
rounded, not carinate; fifth ventral on each side with a trace of a tubercle,
sixth with a mammiliform tubercle, seventh and eighth with oblique carina©
strongly elevated and subtruncate posteriorly; pygidial segment at apex with
a Y-shaped carina, the two arms of which are broadly spreading and enclose
the end of a raised, impunctate, polished, median longitudinal platform.
Type. — Dallas, Texas. Collection of the American Ento-
mological Society.
Mutilla (Timulla) grotei Blake
1871. Mutilla grotei Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:228, d" .
Transverse diameter of the posterior ocelli, .17 mm., their
distance from the eyes .58 mm., from each other .51 mm., from
the front ocellus .30 mm.
Habitat. — Colorado and, according to Melander, Texas.
Mutilla (Timulla) briaxus Blake
1871. Mutilla briaxvs Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:227, cf.
1887. Mutilla canadensis Provancher, Add. et Corrections au vol. ii de la
Fauna Entomologique du Canada, Traitant des hymenopteres, p.
250, cf.
1897. Mutilla secunda Dalle Torre, Catalogus hymenopterorum, 8:84,
(/ 1899. Mutilla hexagona Fox, (pars), Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 25:270, o^.
1909. Mutilla (Timulla) briaxus Rohwer, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 35:132,
:-^, 9 .
cf . Diameter of posterior ocelli .23 mm., their distance from
the eyes .61 mm., from each other .51 mm., from the front ocellus
.21 mm.; front and clypeus deeply concave, highh-- polished,
laterally striolate almost to the bases of the manchbles; these
with a deep external notch and strong tooth. Scape with a
weak carina obscured by vestiture.
Not only the brush on the apex of the scape, but the armature
of the apical segments, the structure of the clypeus and other
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
208 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
characters separate this from hexagona and ruja. To grotei it
is much more closely allied.
This is the most northern species of the group, and one of our
most northern Mutillidae. In common with many species of
other families, its known range bridges the gap between the
northern Rocky Mountains and our eastern mountain regions
b}^ way of Canada. The western specimens usually have some-
what more greyish pubescence on the thorax than those from the
East. All of the specimens before me have the head and thorax
black except one from Florida, and that individual is the only
record from south of Falls Church, Virginia.
The identify of Mutilla canadensis of Provancher with briaxus
is made clear from his description. Not only is it the only
species known from Canada, but Provancher refers to the white
brush at the apex of the scape, thereby leaving no doubt of the
insect to which he had reference. The name secunda was pro-
posed by Dalle Torre to replace canadensis of Provancher.
There is little doubt of the identity of the males referred to
this species by Rohwer. That the female which he also
describes belongs to it, seems likewise probable.
Habitat. — Males. Canada: [Coll. Amer. Ent. Soc.]; Cap Rouge, Quebec,
(cattadcnsis Provancher). New Hampshire: Claremont, 10 July, 1911, (G. P.
Engelhardt). New York: Queens, Long Island, 23 July, [Brooklyn Mu-
seum]. Pennsylvania: [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. New Jersey: Monmouth County,
1 June, 1891 and Gloucester, Camden County, 15 July [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Delaware. [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Virginia: Falls Church, 5, 19, 22, 30 July and
2 August, 5 cT (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. Florida: [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
British Columbia: Osayoos, 26 July, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Montan.\: 3
specimens [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Color.'Vdo: 3 specimens, [Amer. Ent. Soc.];
Boulder, May 1908, (recorded by S. A. Rohwer).
Females. Canada: 2 specimen.s [Amer. Ent. Soc.]; Ridgcway, Ontario, 13
August 1884, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. New York: New Russia, Essex County, 18
August 1912, (the author); Crown Point, August; Rosslyn, Long Island;
Yaphank, Long Island, 10 July, 1910, (G. P. Engelhardt); Amagansett, 10
August, 1911, (G. P. Engelhardt); Sea Cliff, Long Island (N. Banks); East
Hampton, Long Island, 26 September, 1910, (G. P. Engelhardt); Cold Spring
Harbor, 9 September, 1911, (G. P. Engelhardt). New Jersey: Westville, 30
August, 2 9 (the author). Maryland: Chestertown, 2 August, 1901 (E. G.
Vanatta). Virginia: Glencarlyn, 26 July, (N. Banks); Falls Church 4,
6, 7 August, 4 9 , (N. Banks). Georgia: Atlanta, 6 July, 1909, (the author).
Florida: 1 specimen, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Ohio: Wanseon, 5 Augu.st, 1S90.
Nebraska: Hat Creek, August; West Point, 24 June. Colorado: 5, [Amer.
Ent. Soc.].
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 209
Tijpe. — Virginia. Collection of the American Entomological
Society.
Mutilla (Timulla) promethea Blake
?1S.55. MuliUa duhitata Smith, Cat. Hymen, in Brit. Mas., .3: GO, 9 .
1871. Mutilla proinethea Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:229, d" ■
cf. Diameter of posterior ocelli .19 mm., their distance from
the eyes .72 mm., from each other .04 mm., from the front ocellus
.36 mm.; face and clypeus very deeply concave and highly pol-
ished, impunctate, the polished area reaching half way to the
base of the mandibles, surmounted above by a dense tuft of hair,
a very few hairs at apex. Scape rather strongly bicarinate
beneath, with little pubescence.
Mesosternum with strong transverse tubercles, ridged on their
summit and with nearly vertical anterior faces; middle coxae
with a weak anterior tubercle, without posterior subapical tooth.
Judging from the carina on the pygidium promethea would
seem to be closer to barbata and oniatipe?uus than to other species.
Habitat. — Males. North Carolina: Southern Pine.*, 24 September, 1907,
(A. H. Manee). Georgia: St. Simon's Island; Billy's Island, Okefenokee
Swamp, June, 1912, 3 d^, (Cornell University Expedition); Bainbridge and
Spring Creek, Decatur County, SOMaj^, 1 June, 16-29 June, 5 cf, (the author).
Florida: South Bay, Lake Okeechobee, 2 cf (Wm. T. Davis); Sanford, 27
April, 1908, (E. P. VanDuzee), [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.]. Louisiana: 2
specimens, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Females. Georgia: Spring Creek, Decatur County, 16 to 29 July, 1912,
9 9, (Cornell University Expedition); Bainbridge, .30 July, 1912, (C. U.
Expedition); Thomasville, 21 May, 1915, 1 9 (C. S. Spooner); 2 specimens,
[Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Florida: .lacksonville, 21 April; Enterprise, 18 April;
Gulfport, May. Louisiana: 1 specimen, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
So far as known, this species is confined to the Austroriparian
Zone.
Type. — Male from Louisiana in the collection of the American
Entomological Society. Allotype, 9 ; from Thomasville, Ga., in
the collection of Cornell University, No. 110.1.
Mutilla (Timulla) floridensis Blake
1879. il/w/i7;«.//om/e«.s-is Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 7:249, d" .
cf . Diameter of posterior ocelli .15 mm., their distance from
the eyes .06 mm., from each other .43 mm., from the front ocellus
.21 mm.
trans, am. ent. soc, xlii.
210 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Habitat. — Georgia: 1 cf , [Amer. Ent. Soc.]; St. Simon's Island, 9 June, 1911,
(W. V. Reed). Florida: Enterprise, 15 May, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]; Enterprise,
30 March to 10 May, [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.]; Biscayne Bay, (Mrs. A. T.
Slosson), [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Mutilla (TimuUa) euterpe Blake
1879. Mutilla euterpe Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 7:249, 9 .
As suggested by Fox, this species is very likely the female of
floridensis. So far it is known only from the unique type. The
deeply contracted thorax clearly distinguishes it from the females
of other species.
Type: Enterprise, Florida, ]\Iay. Collection of American
Entomological Society.
Mutilla (Timulla) rufa Lepeletier
1845. Mutilla rufa, Lepeletier de St. Fargeau, Hist. nat. ins., Hymen., 3:
631, d".
/ 1899. Mutilla hexagona Fox, (pars), Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 25:270, cf .
cf. Diameter of posterior ocelli .21 mm., their distance from
the eyes .62 mm., from each other .43 mm., from the front ocellus
.21 mm.; face and clypeus convex and polished, laterally rough-
ened; emargination on inferior border of mandibles not deep,
the tooth rather small, blunt. Scape apically weakly bicarinate.
Mesosternum with an inconspicuous somewhat oblique tuber-
cle, not ridged on its summit.
9. Sanford's brown: antennae except scape, legs except
femora beneath and coxae, and dorsal segments beyond the sec-
ond black; the scape dark red; each abdominal segment with an
apical silvery band, that of the third interrupted and that of the
second triangularly produced in the middle; other pubescence
scanty, the second dorsal with an inconspicuous appressed black
pubescence; pleura and sternal parts with a silvery sheen. Under
side of petiole with an anterior acute tooth; pygidium rugulose.
The color characters are subject to variation. I may be wrong
in considering the females of rufa and hexagona as here identified
distinct species, and would not do so were it not for the con-
siderations already stated. The males are very distinct.
There is very little likelihood, as Fox points out, that the
species identified by Blake and tentatively accepted by Fox as
mja is really that species. It is represented in the collection of
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 211
the American Entomological Society by a single female from an
unknown locality. The hirsute appearance of the specimen is
similar to that of species inhabiting Texas and Mexico, but
quite unlike any known from the Eastern United States. As
rufa was described from Philadelphia, it seems much better to
identify it with a form known to occur here. A specimen of the
present species from Ocean County, New Jersey, in the collection
of the American Entomological Society, agrees verj' well with
Brulle's description. From a study of his other descriptions it is
apparent that in speaking of the head, thorax and abdomen as
"villosum" he means to imply not tomentose, but such a con-
cUtion as actually exists in rufa as here identified. It is possibly
this character that lead to the previous identification of the
species.
Hahitat. — Males. New York: Long Island, .5 September, 1907, (G. P.
Engelhardt). New Jersey: Ocean County, [Amer. Ent. See.]; Lakehurst,
[Brooklyn Mus.]. Maryland: Chestertown, 12 August, 1901, (E. G. Vanatta).
Virginia: Falls Church, 2, 10, 15, 23, 30 August, 9, 12, and 20 September, 13
cf, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. North Carolina: Smith's Island, 3 August.
Georgia: Austell, 27 August, 1910, (the author); St. Simon's Island, 1 and 7
June, 1911, (W. V. Reed); Spring Creek, Decatur County, 7 to 23 June, 1911,
2 c?', (the author). Florida: [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Females. New York: Sea Chff, Long Island, 2 9, (N. Banks). New
Jersey: Lakehurst, 23 April, 190.5, (G. P. Engelhardt). Maryland: Chesa-
peake Beach, IS September, (N. Banks). Virginia: Falls Church, 4, 14 July,
2, 3, 7, 11, 30 August, 13, 23 September, (N. Banks); Chain Bridge, 21
May (N. Banks). North Carolina: Southern Pines, 1 April, 1908, (A. H.
Manee). Georgia: Tallulah Falls, 19 to 25 June, 1909, (the author); Spring
Creek, 16 to 29 June, 1912, (Cornell Univ. Expedition). Florida: Lake
Worth, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
Mutilla (TimuUa) nestor Fox
1899. Mutilln nestor Fox, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 25:271, c?'.
cf. Transverse diameter of the hind ocelli .13 mm., their
■distance from the eyes .43 mm., from each other .38 mm., from
the front ocelli .21 mm.
Hahitat. — Texas. Recorded by IMr. IMelander as common
during June 1900 at Galveston, and as occuring at Fedor. I
have seen only the type.
TRAyS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
212 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Mutilla (^TimuUa) oajaca Blake
1871. MutiUa oajaca Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:228, fig., c?, 9 .
Diameter of the posterior ocelli .13 mm., their distance from
the eyes .58 mm., from each other .53 mm., from the front ocellus
.28 mm.
Habitat. — Louisiana: [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Texas: [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Mexico: [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Type. — Mexico, in the Collection of the American Entomologi-
cal Society.
Mutilla (TimuUa) rufosignata n. sp.
o"'. Black, pronotum and mesonotum claret-brown, the abdomen except
the petiole and apex of the second and third segments burnt sienna; clothed
with erect, rather short, black pubescence, and also short, woolly, dirty-white
pubescence, the sternal parts with whitish pubescence, neither long nor dense;
disc of second dorsal segment with fine pale hairs, apex with moderately dense,
black, bristly hairs, as also of the third, fourth and fifth, where they are sparser;
sixth and seventh with sparse, erect, fine, white hairs, the former mixed with
shorter, coarser, reddish hairs; wings deeply infuscated. Length 13 mm.;
paratype 16 mm.
Head coarsely punctate; the diameter of the posterior ocelli .15 mm.; their
distance from the eyes .49 mm., from each other .62 mm., from the front ocel-
lus .28 mm.; clypeus with a nearly fiat, semicircular, smooth and polished area,
the face between this and the base of the mandibles punctate and hirsute;
inferior border of the mandibles entire. Scape slightly pubescent, bicarinate
in front.
Side pieces of pronotum with a weak vertical carina in front; scutellum con-
vex and rugosely punctate; mesopleura with a deep oblique fossa, interrupted
near the posterior border; mesosternum coarsely punctate, without tubercles,
but with a distinct anterior face which is pohshed and ahnost impunctate;
mesocoxae with rudimentary anterior tubercle and subapical tooth.
Second ventral segment not ridged; fifth and sixth unarmed, seventh with
rudimentary tubercles and eighth with a weak obhque long ridge of chitin,
scarcely raised at all; polished ridge on pygidium short and rather narrow, the
arm of the Y-shaped carina not spreading very widely.
This species is quite close in structure to both hexagona and
sayi.
Type material. — Holotype: Everglade, Florida, April 11, 1912,
(Wm. T. Davis), [Cornell University, No. 112.1]. Paratype:
"Florida," [American Entomological Society].
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 213
Mutilla (Timulla) navasota u. sp.
d'. Black, the aljclomen with its pubescence appearing orange rufous, the
ground color a trifle more red; head and posterior part of dorsum with erect
black hairs; head and dorsum in front of the tegulae with felted, cartridge-
buff pubescence, abdomen dorsally thickly covered with erect mars-orange
pubescence, concealing shorter appressed, cadmium-orange pubescence; wings
dark violaceous. Length 13 mm.
Head coarsely, closely punctured; ocelli large, diameter of the posterior
pair .32 mm., their distance from the eyes .36 mm., from each other .66 mm.,
from the front ocellus .26 mm.; face strongly elevated below the antennae;
it and the clypeus with a strong, concave, highly polished, impunctate, V-
shaped area, between which and the base of the mandibles the face is acicu-
late; inferior margin of the mandibles entire.
Mesopleura with a deep obhque fossa, interruptednear the posterior margin;
mesosternum with a weak transverse callous spot, its anterior surface sloping,
punttate; under surface of the middle coxae with a callous spot, without sub-
apical tubercle, under surface of posterior coxae with a rather long carina.
Propodeum coarsely, rather shallowly reticulated, with a short median chan-
nel.
Second ventral segment not ridged; fifth and sixth unarmed; seventh with
rudimentary tubercles; eighth with a very feeble obhque ridge; pygidium with-
out median impunctate ridge, but toward the apex with a strongly elevated
keel, the dorsal and caudal lines of which form a right angle.
Holotype: Brazos County, Texas. Collection of jNIr. Xathan
Banks.
Mutilla (Timulla) hexagona Say
1S36. Mutilla hexagona Say, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., 1:295, cf.
/^1899. Mutilla hexagona Fox (pars). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 2.5:270, cf .
1903. Mutilla saiji var. hoUensis JMelander, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 29:324.
cf . The ocellar measurements of an average of 10 specimens are: diam-
eter posterior ocelli .22 mm., their distance from the eyes .37 mm., from the
front ocellus .21 mm. There is a trifling variation in the individuals of this
species, the distance between eyes and ocelli exceeding the diameter of the
latter by an extreme range of from 1.5 to 1.77 times.
9. Claret brown; legs except femoi-a beneath, antennae, petiole and
pygidium black; apex of each abdominal segment except the first ventral
with a band of silvery pubescence, interrupted medially on the third dorsal
and triangularly produced in the middle on the second dorsal; doreal segments
otherwise mostly covered with short black pubescence, giving way to brown,
red, and on the second, silvery pubescence on the sides; other pubescence sparse;
head and front of dorsum with erect black hairs; sides of thorax and venter
with a silvery sheen.
Petiole with an inferior, anterior, truncate, process; pygidium with oblique
wrinkles, converging caudad.
TRAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
214 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
The coloration of the female is not constant.
Taking all things into consideration this form seems to be the
most suitable to identify as Say's species. In all respects except
the size of their ocelli, the species sayi Blake and rnfosignata
appear to be alike.
Habitat. — Males. New York: Yaphank, Long Island, 22 September, 1911
and 11 October, 1913, (G. P. Engelhardt). Virginia: Falls Church, 7 and 12
August, (N. Banks). Illinois: Lake Forest, 22 August, 1906, (J. G. Need-
ham), [Cornell Univ.]. Indiana and Missouri (Original records by Say).
Texas: 2 specimens, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Colorado: 1 specimen, [Amer. Ent.
Soc.]. Montana: 1 specimen, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Females. New York: Yaphank, Long Island, 22 and 24 September, 1911,
(G. P. Engelhardt); Central Park, 17 April, 1912, (G. P. Engelhardt). New
Jersey. Virginia: Falls Church, 18 April, 17 May, 2, 4, 11, 27 August,
3, 24 September; Great Falls, 28 June, 12 September; Glencarlyn, 26 Septem-
ber, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. Georgia: 1 specimen, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Allotype, 9 . Yaphank, Long Island, [Cornell University,
No. 113.2].
Mutilla (TimuUa) sayi Blake
1871. Mutilla sayi Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3 :29, cf •
o^. Transverse diameter of the posterior ocelli .32 mm., their
distance from the eyes .37 mm., from each other .58 mm., from
the front ocellus .22 mm.
This species agrees in all structural characteristics, so far as
I have observed, except the size of the ocelli with hexagona. The
records given by Fox "Montana" and "Colorado" are based on
specimens of hexagona. It would be no cause for surprise if
future series would reveal the identit}^ of the two.
Habitat. — Missouri: Columbia, S cT, 13, 21, 22, 29 July, 2 September,
1905, [Univ. Mo., Cornell Univ.]. Texas: 3 d", [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
CONTENTS
The Genus Ceratinoptera (Orthoptera, Blattidae, Pseudo-
mopinae). By Morgan Hebard .... 125
(Issued April 8, 1916)
Synoptical Table of the North American Species of Ormosia
Rondani (Rhypholophus Kolenati), with Descriptions
of New Species (Diptera). By WilHam G. Dietz, M. D. 135
(Issued April 15, 1916)
A New Genus, Cariblatta, of the Group Blattellites (Orthop-
tera, Blattidae). By Morgan Hebard . . . 147
(Issued April 26, 1916)
Contributions toward a Monograph of the Mutillidae and
their Allies of America North of Mexico. I. A Revision
of Ephuta Say, a Genus of Mutillidae equivalent to the
Species Group Scrupea of Fox. By James Chester
Bradley 187
(Issued June 24, 1916)
tributions toward a Monograph of the Mutillidae and
heir Allies of America North of Mexico. II. A Revi-
•^ of Timulla Ashmead, a Subgenus of Mutilla
alent to the Species Group Hexagona of Fox.
les Chester Bradley ..... 199
(Issued June 24, 1916)
VOLUME XLII NUMBER 3
SEPTEMBER 1916
TRANSACTION
OF THE
AMEEICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AT THE
ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES
PHILADELPHIA
SUBSCRIPTION PRICE FOUR DOLLARS PER VOLUME
JAMES A. G. REHN
215
THE STANFORD EXPEDITION TO BRAZIL, iq/^J^^^"'^" "^^'V^:
J. C. BRANNER, DIRECTOR I ' nPT'-i iQlfi «»^'
DERMAPTERA AND ORTHOPTERA I
4^.
BY JAMES A. G. REHN
V'onEi\ Mus^^
The very interesting and diversified collection of Dcrmaptera
and Orthoptera made by the Stanford Expedition to Brazil was
placed in my hands for study several years ago, but numerous
other matters prevented an earlier completion of the report.
We are now able to place in print the results of the study of the
Dermaptera, the non-saltatorial groups of the Orthoptera and
the Acrididae, which contributions we expect to follow, as early
as possible, with others on the Tettigoniidae and Gryllidae.
A considerable portion of the material had been collected in
liquid preservative, from which it was mounted, and in conse-
quence the colors have been very greatly altered in some individ-
uals, while in others the shrivelling during drying has greatly
altered and distorted certain structural features. Due allowance
has been made for possible changes in all of the material which
shows evidence of having been dried from liquid preservative.
Three well separated regions are represented by the material:
the extreme north-eastern portion of Brazil, which previously
has been almost unexplored entomologically; the vicinity of
Para, State of Para, and localities along the line of the Madeira-
Mamore Railroad on the Madeira affluent of the Amazon. A few
specimens were also collected at Manaos, on the lower Rio
Negro, State of Amazonas. For further data than here given
on the position of localities mentioned, see Baker's paper on the
mollusca of the Expedition.^
To make the present work more? complete we have added rec-
ords of a number of species taken at Para, by C. F. Baker; at
Peixe Boi, a short distance east of Para, taken by H. B. Merrill,
and at Igarape de Candelaria, Rio Madeira, by E. A. Smith;
the material on which all of the same are based being contained in
1 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, pp, 623 to 624, (1914).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
216 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadel-
phia. The first set and greater portion of the Stanford material
has been placed in the collections of the same Academy, while a
smaller set will be retained by Stanford University.
In the present paper are treated one hundred and twenty-five
species, belonging to eighty-five genera, of which seventeen
species and two genera are described as new. The total number
of specimens examined in this connection is three hundred and
seventy-five.
DERMAPTERA
Pygidicranidae
Pygidicrana V-nigrum (Serville)
1831. Pygidicrana V-nigrum Serville, Ann. Sci. Nat. xxii, p. 31. [Brazil.]
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (Mann.) One imperfect
immature specimen.
This individual has lost the apex of its abdomen, so the sex is
uncertain.
Pyragropsis- brunnea (Burr)
1909. Pyragra brunnea Burr, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (8), iii, p. 254. [Fon-
teboa, Brazil (nee Peru); Iguapo, Peru.]
• Para, Para. (Mann.) Two females.
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. One immature female.
The immature female has lateral series of small yellowish spots
on the dorsal segments of the abdomen, such as are mentioned by
Borelli as occurring occasionally in P. paragumjensis. The Para
record is the most eastern for the species.
Pyragropsis emarginata new species (Plate XIV, fig. 1.)
Type. — -cf ; Manaos, Amazonas, Brazil. (Stanford Brazilian
Expedition; Mann and Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type
no. 5233.]
This very striking species is clearly a member of the genus
Pyragropsis^ agreeing with the original description of the genus
in every important character but one, namely, the emargination
of the margin of the penultimate ventral abdominal segment.
* For remarks on the genus see Burr, Ann. K.-K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien,.
xxvi, p. 334, (1912).
3 Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Univ. Torino, xxiii, no. 594, p. 2, (1908).
JAMES A, G. REHN 217
This, however, Burr has stated cannot be considered of generic
value, and his Propyragra , based on this feature, is now placed
by him in the synonymy under Pyragropsis.'^
The nearest ally of the new form is P. thoracica Serville, which,
according to Burr, agrees in the emarginate penultimate abdomi-
nal segment of the male, but from which emarginata differs in the
obliquel}' instead of squarely truncate distal margin of the teg-
mina and in a number of features of th(5 color pattern, as the bi-
colored exposed portion of the wings, the spotted tegmina, the
absence of rufous from the pronotum and more infuscate limbs.
When compared with the very ample and satisfactory descrip-
tion of P. tristani Borelli, which is also very close to the new form,
the latter is found to differ in having twenty-two antennal seg-
ments, in the obliquely truncate instead of rounded distal margin
of the tegmina, in the caudal margin of the disto-dorsal abdominal
segment being truncate instead of concave, and in certain color
differences, as the absence of longitudinal tegminal bars and in the
femora having the same base color as the tibiae.
Size rather small; form weakly depressed; surface entirely dull except that
of the disto-dorsal abdominal segment and of the forceps which are moderately
polished, dorsal surface of unpolished abdominal segments probably in an
imrubbed condition completely covered with silvery scales, well marked traces
of which remain, long and short hairs disposed over the surface as in P. tristani.
Head triangular, caudal angles roundly obtuse, occipital margin straight,
surface of occiput gently convex dorsad, indications of several short irregu-
lar sulci present, usual transverse sulcus not indicated; eyes but little
prominent; antennae composed of twenty-two segments, proportioned as
in P. tristani. Pronotum very slightly broader than long, general form as in
tristani but caudo-lateral angles more rounded; cephahc two-thirds of siu-face
subconvex, remainder flattened and moderately elevated toward the lateral
and caudal margins; medio-longitudinal sulcus delicate but continuous. Teg-
mina one and one-half times as long as the pronotal disk, lateral outline when
viewed from the dorsum gently arcuate, the tegmen appreciably narrower
distad than mesad; caudal margin obliquely truncate. Exposed portion of
the wings not more than a fourth as long as the tegmina, apices squarely trun-
cate, lateral outline arcuate. Scutellum exposed between the tegminal bases,
subtrigonal. Abdomen moderately broad, subfusiform, all of the dorsal seg-
ments more or less produced caudate along the lateral line, the sixth, seventh
and eighth segments with carina similar to P. tristani, structure of same region
of ninth segment similar to tristani; disto-dorsal abdominal segment with the
caudal margin truncate, sculpture as in tristani; forceps as in tristani but faintly
more slender; penultimate ventral segment with the lateral margins converging
* Burr, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., (S), ill, pp. 33:5 to 334.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
218 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
caudad in a sigmoid fashion, the distal extremity deeply and rather broadly
U-emarginate, the lateral angles well rounded ; ultimate ventral segment cov-
ered. Limbs moderately robust; tarsi with distinct arolia between the claws.
General color dull fuscous-black (Ridgway), on the abdomen burnt umber,
all pale maculations cream color. Head with distal margin of clypeus pale;
antennae with joints 16 to 18 or 15 to 17 pale. Pronotum with lateral "wings"
and all except median portion of caudal third pale. Tegmina with a pale
proximal spot placed nearer the sutural than the costal margin; exposed por-
tion of wings with external half pale. Limbs with the disto-dorsal portion of
the femora, adjacent portion of the tibiae, distal extremity of tibiae and all
(caudal) or a portion (cephalic and median) of the metatarsi pale. Abdomen
with the ventral surface paling to mahogany red; forceps becoming mahogany
red distad, the pilosity of internal face cream color.
Length of body (exclusive of forceps), 9.5 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.9;
length of tegmen, 3; length of left branch of forceps, 1.5.
The type is unique.
Labiduridae
Anisolabis annulipes (H. Lucas)
1847. Forficelisa annulipes Lucas, Bull. Soc. Entoni. France, He ser., v, p.
LXXXIV. ["Jardin de Plantes, Paris"; probably introduced.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Three fe-
males.
Euborellia janeirensis (Dohrn)
1864. F[orcinella\ janeirensis Dohrn, Entom. Zeit. Stettin, xxv, p. 285. [Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil.]
Ceara Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (Mann.) Two males.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Two
males, four females.
The pale antennal annulus is present in all the specimens
which have complete antennae, its width generally covering two
segments, but its position varying from segments seven to nine to
fift;een to sixteen, the individual having the seven to nine extreme
on one antenna having the annulus on segments twelve to thirtieen
on the other antenna.
Psalis scudderi Bormans?
1900. Ps[alis] scudderi Bormans, Ann. Mus. Civ. Stor. Nat. Genova, (2),
XX, p. 449. [Puerto 14 de Mayo, Upper Paraguay (now in Bolivian
Chaco); Olivenza, Amazon River (Brazil).]
Para, Pard. (C. F. Baker.) Two males.
These specimens are assigned to this species with some doubt,
as in this extremely complex genus with several polymorphic
JAMES A. G. REHN 219
species, it is difficult to judge what are and what are not criteria
of specific value. Both of our specimens are without apparent
wing scales, these being present in the type of scudderi, but we
know other species of the genus vary in this respect. The teg-
mina are shorter in proportion than Bormans describes, but this
also we know is intra-specifically variable in the genus. The
antennae have the distal pale annulus as described but the proxi-
mal joints are not pale. When compared with the closely re-
lated P. burri Borelli", from Paraguay, our material differs in the
more longitudinal pronotum, in the tegmina having the distal
margin slightly obhque truncate toward the disto-costal angle
instead of the disto-sutural angle, in the form of the anal segment
and forceps and in the color of the limbs; agreeing, however, in
the absence of wing scales and in the form of the lateral portion of
the abdominal segments. As scudderi was based on the female
sex and burri on the male, the last mentioned difference is prob-
ably sexual.
Psalis species
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One
female.
Labidura riparia (Pallas)
1773. Forficula riparia Pallas, Reise Russ. Reichs, pt. ii, p. 727. [Shores of
Irtysch River, western Siberia.]
Para, Para. (Mann.) One male.
Abuna, Bolivia. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
We have not attempted to allocate these specimens in the
present species complex, as that seems unwarranted in the
present state of our knowledge. Both individuals have the
caudal margin of the anal segment bidentate, the teeth larger and
closer together in the Para specimen than in the Abuna one.
Labiidae
Spongovostox alter (Burr)
1912. Spongovostox alter Burr, Ann. K. -K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xxvi,
p. 336, fig. 13. [Mapiri, Bolivia (type locality); Minas Geraes, Brazil;
Bugaba, Panama.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
Abuna, Bolivia. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
6 Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xx, no. .51t'). p. 2. fig., (1905).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
220 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
The type locality (Mapiri [or Mapari]) is on the upper Beni,
a tributary of the Mamore-Madeira drainage, situated 68° W,
14° 40' S. The specimens recorded above are perfectly typical.
Spongovostox pygmaeus (Dohrn)
1864. P[salidophora] pygmaea Dohi'n, Ent. Zeit. Stettin, xxv, p. 421. [Rio
de Janeiro, Brazil.]
Madeira-Mamore R. R. Company Camp 41, Rio Madeira-
(Mann and Baker.) One male.
This specimen differs in several respects from the original de-
scription of this variable species, to which, however, it clearly
belongs. The forceps have no distinct teeth on the internal
margin, but are denticulate for the greater portion of their length,
while the pale humeral maculation on the tegmina does not reach
the distal margin of the same, the pale area on the exposed por-
tion of the wings not being continuous with that on the tegmina.
The character of the forceps is as found in the synonymous (ac-
cording to Burr) Labia tricolor Kirby from Santarem, Brazil,
but the pygidium is as figured by Burr for the species.^
The previously known records in addition to those given above
are: Brazil (Burr), Peru (Burr).
We have encountered some difficulty in using the notes and
figures made by Burr for the species of this genus.'' Two forms
as there treated do not agree with the original descriptions of
the species: ghilianii Dohrn being described originally as possess-
ing a male pygidium "longe productum, postice rotundatum,"
while Burr informs us the same is "breit, mehr oder weniger
abgerundet, mit einem mikroskopischen Fortsatz an dem Ende";
confusus Borelli was originally figured as having the male pygid-
ium nearly a third as long as the forceps, while Burr illustrates
this feature as not a tenth the length of the same; the forceps of
confusus, which were originally described and figured as being
straight for two-thirds of their length with their internal margin
armed with a tuberculariform dilation, are figured by Burr as
sinuate proximad with several denticulations of quite different
character on the internal margin. It appears to us that Dohrn
in describing ghilianii probably utilized the Pard specimen col-
lected by Ghiliani more than the material from Cayenne and
Venezuela, that from the latter locality, in the Vienna Museum,
8 Ann. K. -K. Naturhist. Hofmus. Wien, xxvi, p. 335, fig. 7, (1912).
' Ibid., pp. 335 to 337, figs. 7 to 16, (1912).
JAMES A. G. REHN 221
having been examined by Burr and designated as "type." If
the Venezuelan specimen shows the different type of pygidium
described and figured bj^ Burr it certainly does not accord with
the original description. In the case of confusus it is evident to
us that the Colombian material examined by Burr is not specifi-
cally identical with the typical Paraguayan specimens of Borelli.
Labia ciirvicauda (Motschulsky)
1863. Forficelisa curvicauda Motschulsky, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou, x.xxvi, p.
2, pi. II, fig. 1. [Nura-Ellia Mountains, Ceylon.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female.
These specimens fully agree with individuals from Long Key,
Florida. Aside from the present record, the only one we can find
of the occurrence of this circumtropical species on the mainland
of South America is that of the synonymous Labia glahricula
Kirby, from Santarem (Kirby) and Sao Paulo (Burr), Brazil. It
seems desii-al^le to call attention to the fact that the key for the
genera of Labiinae given by Burr^ would run this species to
Chaetospania or Sphingolahis, the head in this species being sub-
sinuate caudad when compared with L. minor, the genotype, which
is in the alternate category. Apparently this feature is not of
generic value in the present instance, as curvicauda is congeneric
with minor.
Sparatta semirufa (Kiil)y)
1S96. SparaUa semirufa Kirby, Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., xxv, p. 528,
pi. XX, figs. 4, 4a. [Igaurassu, near Pernambuco, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (Mann.) One female.
This specimen is referred tentatively to the present species,
the exact relationship of which to certain of the other forms of
the genus is not at present clearly understood. However, our
individual fully agrees with Kirby 's description except that there
are no blackish markings on the head or pronotum.
Borelli has reported this species from Tacuru Pucu, Paraguay
and San Pedro, Misiones, Argentina.
Prosparatta incerta (Borelli)
1905. SparaUa incerta Borelli, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xx, no.
516, p. 11, figs. [Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay.]
Porto Velho, Madeira River. (Mann and Baker.) Two
males, three females.
* Genera Insect., Dcrmapt., p. 53, (1911).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
222 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Madeira River. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
These specimens are somewhat smaller than the original
measurements, but otherwise they are in complete accord. The
species has also been recorded from San Bernardino, Paraguay;
latahy, Goyaz, Brazil (Burr), as well as several localities in Costa
Rica and Vera Cruz, Mexico (Borelli).
FORFICULIDAE
Doru lineare (Eschscholtz)
1822. Forficula linearis Eschscholtz, Entomogr., p. 81. [Santa Catharina,
Brazil.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One female.
Madeira-Mamore R. R. Camp 43, Rio Madeira. (Mann
and Baker.) One male.
The last mentioned individual belongs to the form {calif ornica)
without the usual tooth on the internal margin of the forceps.
ORTHOPTERA
Blattidae
ectobiinae
Anaplecta grandipennis (Saussure and Zehntner)
1893. Anaplecta grandipennis Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer. ,
Orth., i, p. 25, tab. iv, fig. 5. [Pernambuco, Brazil.]
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
This specimen fully agrees with the description of the type
and considerably extends the range of the species. When com-
pared with the allied A. replicata the shape of the costal margin
of the tegmina is seen to differ, in addition to the other differ-
ential character cited by the describers.
Anaplecta analisignata new species (Plate XIV, figs. 2 and 3.)
Type. — 9 ; Manaos, Amazonas, Brazil. (Mann and Baker.)
[Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5235.]
Allied to A. nahua Saussure, pallicornis (Walker) and bivittata
Brunner, differing from the fii'st in the much more extensive
appendicular field of the wing, the more numerous costal veins
of the wing, the broader medio-discoidal area of the same and
the rather different coloration. From paUicornis it differs in the
bilineate pronotum and details of the tegminal coloration, while
from bivittata it can be separated by the tegminal infuscation
not being squarely cut mesad.
JAMES A. G. REHN 223
Size small; form elliptical. Head with the greatest depth sUghtly greater
than the greatest width across the eyes; occipital outline strongly arcuate,
the width between the eyes one and one-third times the depth of one of the
eyes; face with the width between the antennal scrobes about three-fifths
that between the eyes; eyes hardly projecting, in basal outline strongly reni-
form; antennae at least a third again as long as the head, pronotum and closed
tegmina together. Pronotum trapezoid in general form, the cephaUc margin
narrow, subtruncate, cephalo-lateral angles broadly rounded, lateral margins
moderately arcuate, caudo-lateral angles rotundato-rectangulate, caudal mar-
gin subtruncate; lateral sections rather strongly defiexed, disk subdeplanate, a
subarcuate impressed area bounding the dark bars laterad. Tegmina about
three times as long as the pronotum, lanceolate, the greatest width (mesad)
almost equal to the greatest length of the pronotum; costal margin moderately
arcuate, sutural margin straight, weakly arcuate distad, apex narrowly I'ounded;
marginal field rather narrow, translucent, reaching almost to the middle of
the tegmen, discoidal and anal fields opaque; mediastine vein faintly bent
mesad; costal veins ten in number, very faintly clavate, oblique; discoidal
vein straight, discoidal rami three in number (costal one also bifurcate), longi-
tudinal; ulnar vein simple; anal vein reaching sutural margin slightly proximad
of proximal third; anal field acute pyriform. Wing with the costal margin
sinuate; costal veins eight in number, distinctly clavate distad, oblique;
humeral vein short, connecting with the four proximal costal veins, irregular;
discoidal vein reaching the proximo-costal angle of the appendicular field;
medio-discoidal area over three times as broad as the medio-ulnar area, with
three transverse nervures which form two quadrate areas mesad; ulnar vein
bifurcate at distal third, the cephalic ramus meeting the distal margin of the
discoidal field near the discoidal vein; appendicular field ample, in length
about one-half that of the remaining section of the wing, semielliptical, the
greatest proximal width somewhat greater than the length of the field. Abdo-
men of type missing. Cephalic femora with the ventro-cephalic margin bear-
ing a pair of spines at the proximal third and a distal pair, the former subequal,
the latter very unequal in length (distal longer), intervening section of the
margin closely haired. Median femora with three long spines on proximal
half of the ventro-cephalic margin, a single one distad, a long genicular spine
present, ventro-caudal margin with spaced spiniform bristles. Caudal femora
with three spines on the ventro-cephalic margin, one being distal, genicular
spine very long, ventro-caudal margin with spaced spiniform bristles; caudal
tarsi three-fourths the length of the caudal tibiae, metatarsus but slightly
longer than the remaining tarsal joints, a minute arolium present.
General color light buff, becoming warm buff on the median section of the
pronotum, a pair of gently diverging bars on the pronotum and the greater
portion of the tegmina prout's brown, clearer and more translucent and weak-
ening in intensity distad on the tegmina. Head entirely prout's brown with
the buccal region whitish, the occipital region lighter than the face with three
spots of the general color transvcrsclj^ disposed; antennae prout's brown,
weaker distad, segments narrowly annulate distad with the general color.
Pronotum with the lateral sections subhyaline, the dark bars with their exter-
nal border bisinuate, the enclosed median pale area narrowly flask-shaped,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
224 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
caudal and lateral margins very narrowly edged with whitish. Tegmina with
the marginal field subhyaline, an oblique bar of the general color follows the
anal vein for the distal two-thirds of its length, does not sever the dark area at
the humeral trunk but passes distad along the sutural margin; the dark dis-
coidal area weakens distad; veins of the infuscate area darker than the gen-
eral tone. Wings but faintly tinted, appendicular field appreciably tinted with
buckthorn brown. Limbs clay color, infuscate at base of tibial spines.
Length of pronotum, L7 mm.; greatest width (caudad) of pronotum, 1.6;
length of tegmen, 4.8; greatest width of tegmen, 2.
While the unique type of this beautiful species lacks the abdo-
men, its characters are so decided we feel no hesitation in describ-
ing it.
PSEUDOMOPINAE
Pseudomops inclusa Walker
1868. Pseudomops inclusa Walker, Catal. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 212. [Brazil.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One speci-
men, sex uncertain as abdomen is missing.
This individual fully agrees with Walker's description except
that the lateral portions of the black figure on the pronotum are
not connected caudad. Shelford^ states that in some specimens
there is variation in the depth of the whole marking, but in our
individual the lateral sections are black while caudad there is
only a transverse arcuate cloud in the position of the usual de-
cided transverse marking in oblongata, from which, however,
the present insect differs in a number of color characters. The
description of Saussure's amoena from Pernambuco, which is
considered synonymous by Shelf ord, does not satisfactorily agree
with the specimen in hand.
Pseudomops annulicornis (Burmeister)
1.S38. ThUjrsocera] annulicornis Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii>
pt. 1, p. 500. [Bahia, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, two females.
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) Two males.
The range of the species is greatly extended inland by the last
I'ccord.
Pseudomops angusta Walker
1868. Pseudomops angusta Walker, Catal. Blatt. Brit. AIus., p. 81. [San-
tarem, Brazil.]
Pard, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
3 Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1906, i). 253, (1906).
JAMES A. G. REHN 225
This specimen differs from the original description of the species
in having the palpi entirely black, the femora blackish dorsad
and the cerci almost entirely black. Otherwise the present indi-
vidual is completely in accord with Walker's description.
Ischnoptera amazonica new species (Plate XIV, figs. 4, o, 0, 7 and 8.)
This species is related to I. ruhiginosa Walker, known from
Santarem, Brazil and British Guiana. From ruhiginosa the
present species differs in the somewhat larger size, more diffuse
and less contrasted color pattern, proportionately more elongate
tegmina and wings, narrower interspace between the eyes, less
transverse elliptical pronotum and very different male genitalia.
Apparently there is some relationship to /. taczanowskii Bolivar,
from the western coast region of Peru, but a number of features
of differences can be noted in the description.
Type. — 6^; Igarape-Assu, State of Para, Brazil. (H. S. Par-
ish.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5318.]
Size medium: form elongate elliptical, depressed. Head projecting but
little cephalad of the pronotum: interspace between the eyes narrow, no greater
than that between the ocelli and twice as wide as the proximal antennal joint :
ocelli reniform: eyes large, their greatest depth cephalad distinctly less than
the interspace between them: palpi with third and fifth joint subequal in
length, the former relatively slender, subcylindrical; fourth joint faintly
shorter than the third joint, moderately conical; fifth joint relatively deep
proximad, tapering, subcompressed : antennae exceeding the body in length.
Pronotum broad elliptical, moderately transverse, the greatest length con-
tained one and one-third times in the greatest width of the same, greatest
width situated slightly f audad of the middle: cephalic margin arcuato-trun-
cate; latei'o-cephalic angles very slight and broadly rounded obtuse; lateral
margins strongly arcuate; latero-caudal angles obtuseh' rounded; caudal
margin gently obtuse arcuate: disk with paired distinct obliquely diverging
impressions: lateral portions of pronotum moderately deflected. Tegmina
surpassing the apex of the abdomen by nearly the length of the pronotum,
elongate, margins in large part subparallel, the greatest width at distal third:
costal margin moderately arcuate in proximal third, thence straight except
for a short distal arcuation to the apex, which is faintly nearer the costal than
the sutural margin; sutural margin straight exce])t in distal third, where it is
moderately arcuate to the apex: marginal field relatively short and narrow;
scapular field moderately broad, subetiual; anal field very elongate pyriform,
reaching to two-fifths the entire length of the sutural margin from the base:
costal veins eighteen to twenty in number, occasionally (particularly distad)
bifurcate; median vein bifurcate slightly proximad of the middle; ulnar vein
with four rami, all diverging mesad on the sutural side, all reaching the apical
margin, except a bifurcation of the proximal one, which reaches the sutural
margin slightly short of the apical margin. Wings reaching to (or faintly
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
226 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
surpassing) the apices of the tegmina, greatest width contained faintly more
than one and one-half times in the greatest length: costal margin subtruncate
in distal half, apex well rounded: anterior field quite broad; intercalated tri-
angle small, elongate: discoidal vein straight, except for a slight arcuation
distad; costal veins fourteen in number, occasionally these are bifurcate, non-
clavate; median vein sinuate; medio-discoidal area slightly wider than the
medio-ulnar area, divided into a great number of rectangulate, generally trans-
versely oblong, areas by distinct transverse veins; medio-ulnar area divided
nto rectangular, generally cjuadrate, areas, less numerous than those of the
medio-discoidal area and with the cross-veins in large part incomplete ceph-
alad; ulnar vein with two complete rami reaching the apical margin and
five incomplete rami toward the dividing vein; axillary vein biramose mesad.
Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with its margin broadly V-emarginate mesad;
seventh dorsal abdominal segment depressed meso-cei)halad under the emar-
gination of the preceding segment, moderately vaulted and broadly U-emar-
ginate meso-caudad; eighth dorsal abdominal segment very short, bearing
mesad a rounded glandular area; ninth dorsal abdominal segment broadly
arcuato-emarginate. Supra-anal plate transverse, margin weakly and rather
broadly sinuate laterad, broadly arcuate and moderately produced mesad^
margin strongly hirsute; when seen from the caudal extremity the ventral
surface of the plate is seen to have on the dextral side an elongate peg-like
process, which is directed ventro-mesad within the subgenital plate: cerci
depressed, subfusiform, acute distad, hirsute, i)articularly ventrad: subgenital
plate moderately uns3'mmetrical, styles median, small, slender, simple,
subequal in length and in approximately their usual position. Cephalic
femora with the ventro-cephalic margin bearing four large median and proxi-
mal spines, distad of which is a series of short, fine, regularly disposed and
subequal spinules, three apical spines on the same margin large. Median
and caudal femora with the ventral margins armed with regularly placed
spines: no dorsal genicular spines on the cephalic femora, distinct ones on
the median and caudal femora: caudal tarsi with the metatai'sus faintly
longer than the remaining tarsal joints; arolia small.
Allotype. — 9 ; Same data as type.
The features here given are those of difference from the description of the
male type given above. Interspace between the eyes broader than in the
male sex, but retaining its relative proportion to that between the ocelli; eyes
with their greatest depth but little greater than the interocular space. Abdo-
men with no scent-gland opening on dorsal surface. Supra-anal plate mod-
erately transverse, sinuate laterad, broadly V-emarginate mesad and the mar-
gin rounded laterad of the same : subgenital plate broad, the margin rounded.
The differences between the recessive and intensive types of coloration is
very decided, although the pattern changes but little and the depth of the
tone is almost entirely responsible for the apparent diversity. General color
cinnamon-buff to clay color, the head, disk of the pronotum and the vicinity
of the proximal section of the mediastine vein infuscate with warm sepia to
blackish. Head dark; mouth-parts, palpi and ocelli warm buff to ochraceous-
tawny; antennae prout's brown to fuscous, proximal jo nt paler; eyes very
dark chestnut brown. Pronotum with the dark disk pattern reversed tri-
JAMES A. G. REHN 227
angular in the recessive specimens, the narrowest point caudad, in the inten-
sive individuals the whole area of the disk is infuscate; the caudal margin of
the pronotima is much paler in some individuals than in others, while the dai-k
disk is in all but the most intensive indi^^dual distinctly divided in two along
the median line by a bar of kaiser brown to pale rufous. In the; single excep-
tion there is, moreover, a weak indication of such a bar. The pale lateral and
cephalic sections of the pronotum are more warm buiT to pale ochraceous-bufT
than the general tone. The tegmina have the marginal and greater portions
of the scapular fields pale buffy hyaline, the infuscation along the greater por-
tion of the mediastine vein very decided. Wings with the veins largely clay
color, these saccardo's umber on most of the anterior field and the region of the
costal veins and apex of the anterior field is washed with yellow ocher. Dorsal
surface of the abdomen washed along the lateral borders with mummy brown;
ventral surface of abdomen ochraceous-tawny to mummy brown, the paler
individuals are mummy browm laterad and distad, the darker ones fuscous;
dorsal apex of abdomen and cerci of male mummj- brown. Limbs ochraceous-
buff to pale ochraceous-buff, the spines ferruginous, the coxae marked with
prout's brown proximad.
Measurements {in millimeters)
^ i>~ -2 ^S ^" "t^M
'^■~^' "^ ^^ +3^ ^ ^
^c siS rt" mM -g*^
" ^ ^ O ^ O
Igarape-Assu, Brazil, <ype 11.2 2.9 3.5 11 3.3
Independencia, Parahyba, Bra-
zil, paratype 9.0'° 2.G 3.2 11.3 3.3
diunuha to Concha Huaya, Peru,
paratype S^" 2,4 3 9.2 3
9
Igarape-Assu, Brazil, allotype ... 11.2 2.9 3.6 11.4 3.8
Ceara, Ceara, Brazil, paraij/7)e . . 8.9"> 2.9 3.4 10.8 3.2
In addition to the type and allotype we have before u.s tlie fol-
lowing paratypes of this species:
Para, Para, Brazil. • (W. M. Mann; C. F. Baker.) Two
males.
Independencia, Parahyl)a, Brazil. (Mann and Heath.)
Two males.
Ceara, Ceara, Brazil. (F. Rocha.) One female. [U. S.
N. M.]
Piunuha to Concha Huaya, Peru. October 9 to 13, 1913.
One male. [A. X. S. P.]
'" Specimen dried from alcohol. The measurements may, therefore, be un-
duly small on account of shrivelling.
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
228 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
These specimens show a decided range of depth in the color
pattern, ahnost entirely in a recessive and intensive fashion,
while as shown above the size varies considerably. The median
vein of the tegmina frequently has one or the other of the forks
bifurcate, while the ulnar vein of the same shows appreciable
variation in the exact divergence of its branches. The number
of incomplete rami of the ulnar vein of the wing varies from as
few as five to as many as seven. The supra-anal plate of the
male is quite unique in its peculiar ventral unpaired process on
the dextral side.
Cariblatta" personata new species (Plate XIV, figs. 9 and 10.)
Apparently nearest to C. fossicauda Hebard, from Trinidad. ^^^
The female supra-anal plate is briefly cleft mesad, not briefly
and roundly emarginate as in C. aediculata Hebard, from Trini-
dad, ^^ or with a shallow emargination weakly indicated as in
fossicauda. Though one of the plain colored species of the genus,
the present species differs in having the general coloration a paler,
slightly more reddish brown, while the ventral surface of the
abdomen is distinctly marked with dark brown. It is the only
South American species of the genus which has the female sub-
genital plate distinctly marked mesad. With males the position
of the species and its peculiarities would be easier to indicate,
but its distinctness is evident with the female sex alone.
Type. — 9 ; Ceara Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (W.
W. Mann.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5236.]
Size as usual in the genus. Maxillary palpi with third joint moderately
elongate, fourth joint slightly shorter and tapering proximad, fifth (distal)
joint longer than the fourth and subequal in length to the third, inflated; inter-
space between the eyes very broad, very slightly greater than that between
the antennal scrobes and distinctly greater than that between the ocelli. Pro-
notuni of the form usual in the genus, greatest width caudad, the lateral mar-
gins obliquely arcuate, caudal margin truncato-arcuate, cephalic margin nar-
rowly rounded; lateral portions moderately declivent. Tegmina lanceolate,
somewhat surpassing the apex of the al)domen, apex of tegmina rounded;
marginal field reaching to the middle of the costal margin; humeral vein bear-
ing nine complete costal veins proximad of a fork, the costal arm of which
bears four additional costal veins; rami of the discoidal vein four in number,
sublongitudinal, ulnar vein carried a considerable distance distad along the
sutural margin of the tegmina; cross nervures between discoidal rami nu-
" Vide Hebard, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xlii, p. 147, (1916).
'2 Ibid., pp. 154, 156, 177, pi. xi, figs. 13 to 17, pi. xii, figs. 17 and 18.
•3 Ibid., pp. 154, 156, 179, j)l. xi, figs. 18 and 19, pi. xii, figs. 19 and 20.
JAMES A. G. REHN 229
merous and weakly indicated, except on the normally covered section of the
dextral tegmen, where they are quite distinct; anal field elongate pyriform.
Wings reaching to the tegminal apices; costal veins numerous and moderately
clavate distad; medio-discoidal and medio-ulnar areas in general subequal in
width; ulnar vein with one large ramus; intercalated triangle distinct, of fair
size. Abdomen broad, depressed, distal extremity of the abdomen consid-
erably narrowed; penultimate dorsal segment broadly obtusc-emarginate
distad; disto-dorsal abdominal segment arcuate-truncate mesad; supra-anal
plate transverse, margin obtuse-angulate with a distinct short, narrow, median
fissure, the plate depressed on each side of the median area, which in section is
tectate; cerci depressed subfusiform, apices imperfect in type; subgenital
plate scoop-shaped, rather more produced and compressed than in related
forms, the apex is very narrowly emarginate-truncate. Cephalic femora with
ventro-distal margin bearing three median and two distal (apical) long spines,
the margin between with a fairly closely placed series of much shorter spines.
Caudal tarsi slightly shorter than the caudal tibiae, the metatarsus suljequal in
length to the remaining tarsal joints; arolia on all tarsi.
General color pale yellow ocher, the veins of the wings and of the normally
covered portion of the dextral tegmen dresden brown. Head with occiput
and interocular region antimony yellow, crossed by a decided transverse bar
of cinnamon-brown; maxillary palpi light buff; eyes mars brown. Pronotum
with the disk opaque antimony yellow with five pairs of more or less broken
lines of ochraceous-tawny; these lines vary in thickness and intensity, but,
aside from the parallel median pair, are arranged in an appreciably concentric
pattern. Tegmina with the normally covered portion of the dextral tegmen
whitish. Dorsum of abdomen mummy brown with the segments margined
laterad with, and the distal segments divided mesad by, light ochraceous-
buff; venter of abdomen in ochraceous-buff with a paired intermarginal bar
on each side, coming to a point at the cereal bases, and a median bar, which
is very broad proximad, tapering mesad and narrow and subequal on the sub-
genital plate, mummy brown. Cerci mummy brown ventrad and at dorsal
base.
Measurements {in millimeters)
c 25 :2fi
- -3 ?o .„_ ^g
= o^ -^S cs -^S
Mo mE 'a^ S JP rt^
?j2 cc ojo a ii 0)0
►J ^ O hj O
9 Cear6. Mirim, type 8.8 2.5 3.3 8.5 3
9 CearA Mirim, paratype — 2.6 3.4 8 2.9
9 Independencia — 2.4 3.3 7.8 3
In addition to the type we have examined a paratypic female
from the type locaHty and another female (minus the abdomen)
from Independencia, Parahyba, Brazil (Mann and Heath).
These specimens show no important features of difference from
the description of the type. The oyos are seen to vary in color
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
230 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
from nearly l)lackish to pale buffy, but this is probably due to
the immersion in liquid preservative, to which all have been
subjected.
Xeoblattella adspersicoUis (Stal)
1860. Blatta adspersicoUis St&l, Kongl. Svenska Fregat. Eugenies Resa, Zool.,
i, p. 308. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
Ceara, Ceara. (F. Rocha.) One male. [U. S. N. M.]
Xeoblattella pellucida (Burmeister)
1838. Bl[atta] pellucida Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt. 1, p.
498. [Para, Brazil.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Two fe-
males.
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, two females.
We have tentatively identified this species as Burmeister's
form, agreeing as it does with his very brief description, but dif-
fering in some features from all the other described species. It
is a robust insect belonging near fraterna Saussure and Zehntner.
The species has the interspace between the eyes very wide, equal
to one and one-half times the depth of the eye, while the supra-
anal plate of the female is deeply divided with margining digiti-
form processes; the subgenital plate of the female is very slightly
produced with the distal margin subsinuato-truncate. The male
supra-anal plate is greatly produced and very delicate, with the
distal margin broadly rounded; subgenital plate transverse,
moderately stout, the styles set in sockets laterad at the bases of
the cerci, mesad of which the plate is produced symmetrically in
rounded projections, the ventral surfaces of which are strongly
convex, and between these projections the margin of the plate is
concave.
Four of the seven females seen by us carry oothecae, their
position being vertical with the carina dorsad.
The ventral surface of the abdomen in the female bears a broad
medio-longitudinal bar of shining black, which reaches caudad
to all but the extreme margin of the subgenital plate. In the
male this is represented by a much narrower bar, which is atten-
uate caudad.
JAMES A. G. REHN 231
DENDROBLATTA" new genus
A member of the Blattellites, but apparently not closely related
to any of the previously known genera except Mareta Bolivar.
The combination of strongly deplanate head, verj' narrow inter-
space between the eyes, very wide and deplanate pronotum, the
presence of a gland on the seventh dorsal abdominal segment of
the male, elongate limbs and peculiar armament of the cephalic
femora is diagnostic of the genus.
Generic Characters. — Form deplanate, fully alate in both sexes.
Head very strongly deplanate; eyes narrowly separated in both
sexes; lateral margins of head ventrad of eyes strongly conver-
gent to the base of the mandibles; maxillary palpi elongate.
Pronotum broad, tranverse, with broad lateral margins which
are but little deflected. Tegmina with discoidal rami and ulnar
vein obUque, former numerous. Wings with intercalated tri-
angle very small, elongate and narrow. Seventh dorsal abdom-
inal segment of male with a decided gland mesad. Supra-anal
plate of male strongly transverse; cerci very elongate, deplan-
ate dorsad, ventral surface extremely hirsute and with each
segment convex. Limbs extremely elongate; cephalic femora
with ventro-cephalic margin armed on distal three-fifths with a
close set row of minute chaetiform spines, ^^ the series terminated
by two elongate spines distad; distinct arolia present.
Genotype. — Dendrohlatta sobrina new species.
This very striking genus is unique in quite a few morphological
features, while its coloration and habits are as distinctive as its
structure. The closest affinity of Dendrohlatta is with Mareta
Bohvar, from which the narrower eye interspace, the presence
of the dorsal gland on the abdomen of the male, the more cor-
neous tegmina and the much more elongate tarsi readily separate
the new genus.
" This generic name has been given in allusion to the arboreal habits of the
species, which will be discussed in detail at a later date.
^^ The proximal two-fifths of the ventro-cephalic margin of the cephalic
femora is rarely unarmed, occasionally supplied with one or two small spines
and frequently with four or five spines.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
2
232 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Dendroblatta sobrina new species (Plate XIV, figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14.)
Type. — d' ; Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Brazil. (Stanford
Expedition; Mann and Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type
no. 5245.]
Size medium; form deplanate; surface moderately polished. Head strongly
deplanate, in general outline trigonal, the eyes rounded, the lateral margins of
the head converging ventrad as far as the bases of the mandibles; occipital
outline arcuato-truncate, the least interspace between the eyes less than one-
half the greatest thickness of the eyes; eyes in general form strongly arcuate
around the insertion of the antennae, greatest thickness cephalad more than
twice the thickness ventrad; antennae elongate, setaceous; maxillary palpi of
the proportions given in the generic description, the third joint rod-like, the
fourth joint tubiform, the fifth joint expanded, the oblique truncation extend-
ing two-thirds of the length of the joint. Pronotum transverse subelliptical,
the greatest ength contained one and two-fifths times in the greatest width,
strongly deplanate with the lateral portions gently deflected; cephaHc margin
of disk arcuato-truncate, latero-cephalic angles obtusely rounded, lateral
margins oblique arcuato-truncate cephalad, arcuate caudad, the lateral angles
roundly obtuse, caudo-lateral angles broadly rounded, caudal margin truncate;
irregular converging oblique impressions indicated on disk. Tegmina sur-
passing the apex of the abdomen by nearly the greatest width of the pronotum,
in general form lanceolate, the greatest width contained about three and one-
half times in the greatest length ; costal margin appreciably arcuate proximad,
nearly straight distad but rounded at the apex; sutural margin straight, distad
rounding to the apex, which is median and hardly broad; marginal field quite
broad, reaching to the proximal two-fifths of the wing, anal field semiovate-pyri-
form, the distal portion of the anal vein strongly arcuate, joining the sutural
margin very slightly distad of the proximal third; costal veins numerous,
oblique, regular but generally bifurcating distad; rami of the discoidal vein and
anal vein oblique, the rami of the discoidal numerous, the majority reaching
the sutural margin, the ulnar vein reaching the same margin at about the
distal two-thirds, strongly marked intercalated false nervures present in the
discoidal field and connected with the main veins and rami by numerous and
less apparent transverse nervures, which are subobsolete distad; six to seven
not very clearly defined axillary veins present. Wings moderately elongate,
costal margin subarcuate convex in distal three-fifths, apex rotundato-rectan-
gulate; mediastine vein closely paralleling the costal margin, reaching to the
middle of the same; costal veins non-clavate, moderately numerous, the distal
ones ramifying; medio-discoidal and medio-ulnar areas very narrow, the latter
faintly the wider; ulnar vein with five rami, several of which bifurcate; axillary
vein with three rami; intercalated triangle very small, elongate, narrow.
Seventh dorsal abdominal segment with a median gland depression; supra-
anal plate strongly transverse, moderately tectate, distal margin broadly obtuse
with a short median fissure, about which the margins are recurved; genital
hooks consisting of a simple falciform pair, directed dorsad, and a dextral
unpaired larger organ having the form of a "bill-hook"; corci large, depressed,
monili-fusiform, dorsum deplanate, venter rounded, apex moderately acute;
JAMES A. G. REHN 233
subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical, form shown in figure. Limbs elon-
gate, depressed, a dorsal genicular spines present on the median and caudal
femora, none on the cephalic femora. Cephalic femora armed on the ventro-
cephalic margin as described under the genus, of the distal spines the proximal
is the shorter, the proximal portion of the same margin unarmed in the type,
ventro-caudal margin with three spaced spines on distal half; median and caudal
femora with margins well and regularly spined; tibiae with spines triseriate;
caudal tarsi faintly shorter than the caudal tibiae, very slender, caudal meta-
tarsus exceeding the remaining joints in length.
Allotype. — 9 ; Chinandega, Nicaragua. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila.]
The following features are those of difference from the description of the
male sex. Form shorter and broader than in the male. Interspace between
the eyes slightly more than one-half of the greatest thickness of the eye.
Pronotum with oblique impressions hardly indicated. Tegmina much shorter
than in male, surpassing the apex of the abdomen by hardly more than one-
half the length of the pronotum, short lanceolate, greatest width contained
two and one-half times in the greatest length; apex of tegmina slightly broader
than in the male; marginal field slightly narrower than in male; structure of
tegmina more coriaceous and with venation less apparent, particularly in the
discoidal and anal fields. Wings hardly surpassing the apex of the abdomen.
Supra-anal plate transverse, trigonal, distinctly U-emarginate mesad, not
tectate; subgenital plate moderately ample, margin arcuate with a faint
median obtuse-angulation.
General color pale maize yellow with a strongly contrasted dark pattern of
mahogany red to chestnut-brown. This dark pattern is distributed over the
dorsal surface as follows: a pair of broad, marginally sinuate diverging bars
defining the pronotal disk laterad, enclosing an equally broad pale central
area and never reaching the cephalic and rarely reaching the caudal margin of
the pronotum; entire anal and discoidal fields of the tegmina, aside from a nar-
row elongate reniform sutural area in the anal field; dorsal surface of the abdo-
men with the exception of a pale marginal edging and scattered pale points.
Head with a dark bar between the eyes at their point of greatest proximitj',
occasionally this is subobsolete; occiput varying from uniformly pale to bearing
four fine dark longitudinal lines; eyes blackish fuscous, rarety ochraceous (not
normal?) ; antennae with ventral surface of proximal and third and following
joint blackish fuscous, the whole of the distal section becoming the same shade;
face with a dark pattern of sinuate transverse lines, which are sometimes so
solidly united as to make a dark background with a pattern of pale maize
yellow spots, or again the pattern is subobsolete. Pronotum %\'ith the lateral
sections subhyaUne; margins of the dark bars, which latter expand in width
caudad, always undulato-sinuate. Tegmina with the marginal and scapular
fields subhyaline, washed with maize yellow; the border of dark area toward
the costal margin subsinuate mesad, following the sutural side of the hmneral
trunk on proximal fourth and crossing to distinctly on the costal side on re-
mainder of tegmen; pale ar(!a in anal field subhyaline. Wings having the veins
fuscous except along the costal margin, where they are maize yellow. Abdo-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
234
BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
men with the depth of the dark color of the disk somewhat variable; cerci
fuscous at base, on dorsal surface punctato-marginate with fuscous points, on
ventral surface the segments are more or less completely divided from one an-
other by dark margins. Ventral surface ochraceous-buff, of the abdomen
more or less heavily margined laterad with fuscous, occasionally with a weaker
medio-longitudinal line of the same; subgenital plate of the female largely fus-
cous. Ventral margins of femora lined or dotted with fuscous; tibiae infus-
cated at the base of the spines, the chstal extremity of the tibiae infuscate;
tarsi generally with several broad dark annulations.
Measurements (in millimeters)
■^ s -^
i '^° ^ ■?§
°.^ °o «§ °t ^a
5-a ■5s So. •SS ^s
Mo m£ C3^^ SpM 03^
^ g^ ga 20 as g"S
Porto Velho, Brazil, <?/pe.. .11.8 3.6 5 14 5
Corozal, Panama, paratype 10 3 4.2 12 4
Corozal, Panama, ;joroi?/pe 10.5 3 4.3 11.5 4
Corozal, Panama, paratype 10.8 3.3 4.5 11.9 4.3
Old Panama, Panama, para-
type 10.6 3.2 4.7 12 4.8
Pozo Azul, Costa Rica, para-
type 12.5 3.7 4.8 12.6 4.4
9
Corozal, Panama, paratype 11.6 3.3 4.9 10.2 4.2
Chinandega, Nicaragua, al-
lotype 11.5 3.3 5 10.4 4.3
In addition to the type and allotype we have before us five
adult male and one adult female paratypes and one immature
male. The data for these is as follows:
Corozal, Canal Zone, Panama, XI, 17, 1913, (M. Hebard;
colony of adults and young on tree-trunk in clearing),
3 cf , 1 9, paratypes, 1 juv. cf, [Hebard Cln.].
Old Panama, Panama, XI, 13, 1913, (M. Hebard; running
about on surface of fallen tree-trunk), 1 cf, paratype,
[Hebard Cln.].
Pozo Azul, Costa Rica, V to VI, 1902, (Underwood), 1 &,
paratype, [Hebard Cln.].
This series shows there is an appreciable amount of variation
in size, while the coloration exhibits no noteworthy variation.
The ulnar vein of the wing has the number of rami varying
from three to five. The spination of the vcntro-cephalic margin
of the cephalic femora varies as stated in footnote on page 231.
JAMES A. G. REHN 235
The immature male from Corozal has a color pattern close to
that of similar individuals of '^Ceratinoptera" diaphana (Fabri-
cius), the network of dark markings on the dorsal thoracic and
abdominal segments being very similar. In adults, however,
the coloration is quite different.
On the habits of this species Mr. Hebard gives me the follow-
ing information. Individuals ran rapidly about on the bark of
trees and when closely pursued would fly for a short distance
but always return to the surface they had left. Both adults and
young were noted to exhibit exactly the same action as the bark-
loving mantis Gonatista grisea, in suddenly arresting their move-
ments and remaining perfectly motionless.
Pseudophyllodromia elegans Shelford
1907. Pseudophyllodronda elegans Shelford, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist., (7),
xix, p. 34. [Maroni, French Guiana.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
This specimen agrees with the original description based on a
single female.
Pseudophyllodromia boliviensis Shelford
1909. Pseudophyllodromia boliviensis Shelford, Deutsch. Entom. Zeitschr.,
1909, p. 617. [Mapiri (Mapari on some maps), Bolivia.]
Para, Pana. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female.
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
These specimens fully agree with the original description. The
species is apparently quite close to P. peruana (Saussure).
Pseudophyllodromia lineolata Saussure
1872. Ps[eudophyllodro)nia] lineolata Saussure, Mel. Orthopt., ii, fasc. 4, p. 99.
[Brazil.]
Pared, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
This specimen fully agrees with the original description in every
respect except several which are probably sexual, Saussure's
material being of the male sex. The base color of the head is
blackish instead of reddish as described, while the antennae are
similarly colored except for the testaceous proximal portion.
The abdomen is also almost wholly Ijlaekish.
It is quite possible that Blatta variegata Walker'*' described
from Para may be the same as this species. If such should prove
to be the case Walker's name has priority.
i^Catal. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 112, (1868).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
236 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
NYCTIBORINAE
Nyctibora brunnea (Thunberg)
"1826. Blatta brunnea Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., x, p.
278."
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November to December;
1907. (H.B.Merrill.) One male.
We are unable to verify Thunberg's reference, but this speci-
men is clearly referable to Burmeister's holosericea, which is iden-
tical with Thunberg's species, according to Shelford. It is
closely related to Saussure's ohscura, but is of considerably larger
size, with proportionately shorter and more robust tarsi, and the
supra-anal plate of the male is broadly emarginate mesad and
immediately laterad of the same the margin is deeply U-emargi-
nate, the intervening points acute. In ohscura the same margin
is rounded mesad, with shallow sinuations laterad of the same
area.
Nyctibora obscura Saussure
1864. N[yclibora] obscura Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser.,
xvi, p. 316. [Brazil.]
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One male.
We have used this name as distinct from N. brunnea (Thun-
berg), with which it has been generally associated, as the present
individual fully agrees with the description of Saussure and is
distinctly under the measurements of brunnea as generally under-
stood. Certain other features of difference are mentioned above
under brunnea.
EPILAMPRINAE
Audlreia heusseriana (Saussure)
1864. Epil[ampra] heusseriana Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 26
ser., xvi, p. 321. [Uruguay.]
Pard, Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
Ceara, Ceara. (F. Rocha.) One female. [U. S. N. M.]
The Para specimen has the pronotum distorted by an injury
which has completely altered its outline and made deep impres-
sions of the dark markings of the disk. The tegmina in both
specimens are subquadrate, the distal margin concave in both
specimens, but less so in the Pard one. In neither, however, is
this margin as oblique as in Saussure's figure of the species. ^^
1^ M6m. Hist. Nat. Mex., iv, pi. 2, fig. 24, (1864).
JAMES A. G. REHN 237
The present species differs iromA.hamiUoni (Rehn), from Cuba,
in the bisinuate caudal margin of the pronotum; from catharina
Shelford, from Santa Catharina, Brazil, in the emarginate apex
of the supra-anal plate of the female, and from carinulata (Saus-
sure), from Central America, in the larger size, distinct venation
of the tegmina, more numerous femoral spines and differences in
the coloration.
The localities given above are all known for the species.
Epilampra azteca Saussure
1868. Epilampra azteca Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser.,
XX, p. 356. [Mexico; Cuba.^^]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
This specimen, while slightly larger, appears inseparable from
Mexican material. The penciling of the humeral trunk is less
distinct in the Para specimen and the specklings of the pro-
notum heavier and more numerous. The species has been re-
corded from Ecuador l)y Giglio-Tos, Ijut not previously from
eastern South America.
Epilampra abdomen- nigrum (DeGeer)
1773. Blatta abdomen-nigrum DeGeer, jSIem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 538, pi. 44,
fig. 5. [Surinam.]
1903. Epilampra abortivipenna Rehn, Trans. Amer. Entom. Soc, xxix, p. 273.
[Bartica, British Guiana.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female.
The above synonymy has l)een brought about by Shelford 's
redescription^^of DeGeer's type resuscitating the name abdonten-
nigrum, which was unrecognized for over a century. The pres-
ent specimens and the type of aborfinpenmi fully accord with Shel-
ford's description.
Para is the most southern point from which the species is
known.
BLATTINAE
Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus)
1758. [Blatta] americana Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., Xth ed., p. 424. [''America'".]
Ceara Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.)
One female.
1^ Cuban material later separated by Saussure and Zehntner as E. caraibea.
19 Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1907, p. 460, (1908).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
238 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius)
1775. [Blatia] australasiae Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p. 271. ["In nave e mari
pacifico et regionibus incognitis revertente."]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One male,
one female.
Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister
1838. P[eriplaneta] brunnea Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii,
pt. 1, p. 503. [Chili; Demerara.]
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One male.
Eurycotis manni new species (Plate XIV, fig. 15.)
This striking new form belongs to the section of the genus
formed by the species of black color with decidedly lateral lobi-
form tegmina. It is distinctly larger than any of the forms to
which it is related and the body coloration is entirely black. No
detailed comparison of the genital characters with those of sev-
eral of the allies is possible, as the latter are unknown in the
male sex, but the several diagnostic characters given above are
amply sufficient to distinguish the new form.
Type. — -d^; Maranguape Mountains, State of Ceara, Brazil.
(Stanford Expedition; W. M. Mann.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5246.]
Size rather large; form elliptical, subdepressed; surface moderately polished.
Head projecting moderately cephalad of the pronotum; occiput and eye out-
line regularly arcuate; interspace between the eyes very broad, nearly three
times as great as the depth of the eye; face somewhat flattened; eyes not greatly
elongate, dorsal margin sinuate where covered by the pronotal margin; an-
tennae at least two-thirds as long as the body, proximal joint nodulose proxi-
mad, second joint almost twice as long as the fourth, third joint slightly longer
than the proximal one; palpi with third joint slightly longer than the fourth
one, fourth joint elongate conical, fifth joint subequal to the fourth joint, mod-
erately broad, compressed. Pronotum semiovate, narrow cephalic margin
subtruncate, broad caudal margin bisinuato-truncate, lateral margins arcuate
divergent caudad, cephalo-lateral angles narrowly rounded rectangulate;
surface with poorly defined shallowly impressed pattern. Mesonotum and
metanotum with faintly bisinuato-truncate caudal margins. Tegmina faintly
more than half as long as the pronotum, reaching to the caudal margin of the
mesonotum, decidedly lateral, separated by two and one-half times their
individual width, their length slightly greater than their width; costal margin
gently arcuate, apex costal in position, rotundato-subacute, sutural margin
gently arcuate, disto-sutural angle moderately rounded, distal margin moder-
ately oblique arcuato- truncate; marginal field moderately defined; venation
not indicated. Abdomen with the caudo-lateral angles produced, of the sixth
and seventh segments subspinose; disto-dorsal abdominal segment with the
JAMES A. G. REHN 239
caudal margin broadly sinuato-arcuate over the greater portion of its width;
supra-anal plate transverse, subquadrate, distal margin subarcuato-truncate,
caudo-lateral angles obtuse rounded, lateral margins convergent caudad, con-
cave; cerci depressed, styliform, blunted; subgenital plate transverse, distal
margin bisarcuate, deeply and narrowly arcuato-emarginate at the insertion
of the styles, the latter elongate, simple, tapering. Limbs robust, rather short;
cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margin bearing a series of spines of irreg-
ular length on distal two-thirds, distal extremity of cephalic face with a pair
of strong spines, no dorsal genicular spine, ventro-caudal margin with four
spines on distal half, distal one of the series slightly the larger; median and
caudal femora each with a dorsal genicular spine and all ventral margins well
armed; all tibiae with spines triseriate on dorsal face, median and caudal tibiae
strongly compressed; caudal metatarsi very short, other caudal tarsal joints
missing.
Color shining black; antennae black proximad, passing at proximal third into
ferruginous.
Length of body, 33.5 mm.; length of pronotum, 9.5; greatest width of
pronotum, 13.4; length of tegmen, 5.4; greatest width of tegmen, 3.7; length
of caudal femur, 9.3.
The type is unique.
PANCHLORINAE
Panchlora exoleta Burmeister
1838. P[anchlora] exoleta Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt. 1,
p. 507. [Para and Bahia, Brazil.]
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Company Camp 43, Rio Ma-
deira. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
Panchlora peruana Saussure
1S64. F[anchlorn\ peruana Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser.,
xvi, p. 342. [Peru.]
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Company Camp 39, Rio Ma-
deira. (Mann and Baker.) Two females.
Provisionally, at least, we are using peruajia for this species.
The specific names in the genus Panchlora are greatly involved in
uncertaint}', due to the variability of the species themselves and
the failure of the older, and for that matter some of the more re-
cent, authors to mention the important genital features of their
species.
Xauphoeta cinerea (Olivier)
1789. Blalta cinerea OUvier, Encycl. M(5thod., Ins.. iv, p. 314. [Mauritius.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female. [A. N. S. P.]
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
This species is circumtropical in its distribution.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
240 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
SCHISTOPELTIS20 new genus
Related to Tribonium Saussure, from which, as well as all other
genera of the family, it can be immediately separated by the bifis-
sate cephalic margin of the pronotum. The genus Schi^opilia
Saussure, which also has a bifissate pronotum, can be readily
distinguished by the incisions in the older genus being laterad
and not cephalad in position and direction.
Generic Characters. — Form depressed. Head visible cephalad
of the pronotum, with interspace between eyes broad. Prono-
tum transverse, caudal margin truncate, cephalic section deeply
fissured on each side of the supra-cephalic portion of the disk, the
fissures being arcuate, truncate at their caudal extremity and
separating from the disk the wing-like lateral sections of the
pronotum. Tegmina complete, venation prominent; marginal
field broad. Wings complete; ulnar vein with complete and in-
complete rami. Femora with no genicular spines, ventral mar-
gins unspined; tarsi with large arolia.
Genotype. — Schistoveltis peculiaris new species.
Schistopeltis peculiaris new species (Plate XIV, figs. 16 and 17.
Type. — cf ; Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Brazil. (Stanford
Expedition; Mann and Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type
no. 5244.]
Size medium; surface of body moderately shining. Head strongly de-
pressed, broad, face decidedly deplanate; occipital outline subtruncate, inter-
space between eyes broad, nearly three times as great as the depth of the eyes,
antennal scrobes much more distant than the eyes and situated deeply in the
concavity of the ventral margin of the eyes; ocellar spots large; eyes very
narrow, elongate reniform, greatly narrowed mesad; clypeus and labrum
relatively small, transverse subrectangulate ; palpi short, third joint subequal
in length to the fifth and distinctly shorter than the fourth joint, fourth joint
conical, fifth joint thick, somewhat inflated, in lateral outline sub-lanceolate;
antennae nearly as long as the body, articles moniliform with the exception of
the first and third, the former being thickened and longer than the second and
third together, the third twice as long as the second. Pronotum with its
length contained slightly more than one and two-thirds times in the greatest
width, lateral sections depressed: cephalic margin of the disk arcuato-truncate
mesad and rounding to the fissures laterad, the medio-cephalic section of the
disk but little surpassing the head in width, fissures relatively broad, somewhat
converging caudad, where they are abruptly truncate; cephalic margins of the
lateral "wings" arcuate divergent, the cephalic angle of these sections, i. e. at
the fissures, rect-acute; lateral angle of the pronotum obtuse, decided, faintly
^^ l^X'-'rTos cloven, weXTri Hhicld.
JAMES A. G. REHN 241
produced, caudo-lateral margins rect-convergent, crassato-cingulate, caudo-
lateral angles obtuse, faintly strumose; caudal margin truncate: surface of the
disk subimpressed transversely mesad, laterad near end of fissures are indicated
paired sinuate sulci, which sever the black markings described under color;
surface of "wings" folded, ventral surface of same deeply and broadly chan-
nelled, the angle at extremity of fissure strongly thickened and elevated.
Tegmina elongate, briefly passing the apex of the abdomen, sublanceolate,
greatest width contained nearly three times in the length: costal margin
arcuate in proximal half, more decidedlj' so at the very base and weakh- flat-
tened at proximal third, from middle to distal fourth the margin is very faintly
concavo-emarginate, thence rounding to the roundly acute apex; sutural mar-
gin arcuate in proximal fourth, distal fourth obliqueh^ subtruncate to the apex,
remainder of this margin straight : marginal and scapular fields broad, elongate,
the former almost entirely cribroso-reticulate, the scapular and distal section
of the marginal fields with regular, close and arcuate rami of the mediastine
and discoidal veins; anal field elongate subpyriform, in length equal to two-
fifths of the entire tegmen: venation decided, standing in relief, distad on dis-
coidal field regularly quadrato-reticulate; discoidal vein bifurcate toward
sutural margin; mediastine vein bifurcate; ulnar vein with five rami; anal vein
arcuate, joining the sutural margin at nearly a right angle; axillary veins
numerous. Wings faintly surpassing the apex of the abdomen, apex similar
in form to that of wing; premediastine area opaque for the greater portion of its
length; mediastine-discoidal and medio-discoidal areas narrow, quadrato-
reticulate in proximal two-thirds; discoidal vein bifurcate at distal third; ulnar
vein with four to five rami reaching the free margin of the wing and six term-
inating at or in the vicinity of the anal vein. Supra-anal plate transverse,
broadly bilobato-emarginate distad; cerci rather short, tapering, composed of
twelve very short segments, apex rather blunt; subgenital plate small, trans-
verse, arcuate distad with pronounced juxta-cercal emarginations, in each of
which is placed a minute simple style. Limbs very short.
General color shading from antimony yellow on the pronotal disk through
warm buff to light buff distad on the dorsal surface of the abdomen. Head
with the interocular section of the occiput ochraceous-orange, passing through
ferruginous on the facial section of the same interspace into liver brown on the
remainder of the face; mouth parts light orange-yellow; eyes hair brown;
antennae liver brown proximad, passing into cinnamon-rufous. Pronotura
shading from the antimonj' yellow of the greater portion of the disk into warm
buff on the lateral "wings" and cephalic margin; disk with a pair of well sepa-
rated broad comma-shaped fuscous marks placed on the transverse median
line; margins of the fissures and caudo-lateral margins ferruginous, the caudal
margin fuscous, the caudo-lateral angles more broadly so. Tegmina sub-
hyaline except proximad on the marginal field; the venation of the marginal
and anal fields warm buff, of the discoidal field walnut brown. Wings with
venation whitish. Mesonotum with cephahc half chestnut brown, shading
caudad into the general colors. Dorsum of abdomen with broad lateral clouds
of mummy brown, paling mesad and along lateral margins within a regularly
defined area much broken up by light buff dots and clouds; supra-anal plate
mummy brown touched with light bufi"; cerci mummy brown, on dorsal surface
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
242 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
broadly banded on each segment with antimony yellow; ventral surface of
abdomen much washed with prout's brown, more strongly so laterad, lateral
spots nearly fuscous. Limbs of the ventral color, spines chestnut, black tipped;
tarsi dull ochraceous buff.
Length of body, 26.8 mm.; length of pronotum, 6.3; greatest width of pro-
notum, 11.4; length of tegmen, 23; greatest width of tegmen, 8.2.
The type of this most remarkable genus and species is unique.
Zetobora emarginata Burmeister
1838. Z[etobora] emarginata Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt. 1,
p. 511. [Pard,, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (W. M. Mann.) One female.
This topotypic individual fully agrees with the only published
descriptions of the same sex, — the very brief original one of
Burmeister and the more detailed one of the synonymous per-
spicua Walker. The emargination of the pronotal margin men-
tioned in the original description, and which Brunner was unable
to locate, doubtless because he did not have the female sex, is
quite shallow and subtle in character, but apparent immediately
caudad of the lateral angle of the pronotum.
Phortioeca peruana Saussure
1862. Z[eiobora] (Phortioeca) peruana Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zool-
ogie, 2e ser., xiv, p. 232. [Peru.]
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Company Camp 39, Rio
Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
This specimen fully agrees with the descriptions of the species
except that the supra-anal plate is decidedly less truncate. This
is apparently the first exact record of the species.
BLABERINAE
Petasodes reflexa (Thunberg)
" 1826. Blatta reflexa Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. P^tersb., x, p. 278."
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female. [A. N. S. P.]
Para, Para. (W. Mann.) One female.
Although the species and its congener P. doniinicana (Bur-
meister) have frequently been referred to in the literature of the
subject, and several times as common, there is almost nothing
known regarding the exact distribution of the forms. From the
fragmentary information before us, more complete, however,
than anything in the literature, it would seem as if rcjlexa occurred
in northeastern Brazil and (loniinicana in southeastern Brazil.
JAMES A. G. REHN 243
Blaberus parabolicus Walker
1868. Blabera parabolica Walker, Catal. Blatt. Brit. Mus., p. 8. [Cuenca,
Ecuador.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male. [A. N. S. P.]
Manaos, Amazonas. One male. [Mus. Comp. Zool.]
Abuna, Bolivia. (Stanford Expedition.) One male, one
female.
This species has been found to be distinct from trapezoideus
Burmeister, with which it has generally been synonymizcd. An
examination of Scudder's Blabera armigera show his insect to be
the same as Walker's species, while Bolivar's aequatoriana is
clearly identical. The synonymy of Bolivar's species Avith
Walker's older parabolicus has already been established by Kirby.
Giglio-Tos' record of Blabera trapezoidea from three localities in
eastern Ecuador-^ doubtless relates in its entirety to this species,
as two of the specimens so determined by him from Valle del
Santiago are now before us and belong to parabolicus.
The Para specimen is somewhat aberrant when studied with
other material, but is is clearly the same species.
Blaberus scutatus Saussure and Zehntner
189-4. Blabera scutata Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p.
118, pi. V, fig. 24. [Pernambuco, Brazil.]
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One female.
Cearc4 Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
male
These specimens agree very fully with the description of the
species. In this difficult genus it is very hard to make determi-
nations without physical examination of the types, as the descrip-
tions are by no means as comparable and comprehensive as
necessary for satisfactory work.
Blaberus brasilianus Saussure
1864. B[labera] brasiliana Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser.,
xvi, p. 347. [Brazil.]
Ceara, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One male, one female.
Ceara, Ceara. (F. Rocha.) One female. [U. S. N. M.]
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (Mann and Heath.) One
male.
Independencia, Parahyba. (]\Iann and Heath.) One male.
2iBollett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii, p. 15, (1898).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
244 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
The available descriptions of this species leave much to be
desired and in consequence there exists some slight uncertainty
regarding the determination of this material. The relationship of
B. scutatus to the present form is apparently close, in fact the
species, as we understand them, may be identical. Two of the
Ceara specimens are slightly smaller than the others and in both
of them there is a tendency toward infuscation of the proximo-
sutural section of the discoidal field of the tegmina. In the male
from Natal the pronotal escutcheon fails to reach the caudal mar-
gin of the pronotum, while in all the others the margin is broadly
touched by the maculation.
Blaberus bioUeyi Rehn
1906. Blaberus biolleyi Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1905, p. 792, fig. 1-
[Plains of Santa Clara, Reventazon River, Costa Rica.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (M. Bolton.) One male.
[U. S. N. M.]
Caparo, Trinidad. August, 1913. (S. M. Klages.) One
female. [Hebard Cln.]
These specimens, which considerably extend the distribution
of the species, show certain differences from the type, but, after a
careful examination of all the available material belonging to the
section of the genus containing this species, we find it impossible
to locate any constant noteworthy differences except in the pro-
notal pattern, the paler base coloration of the pronotum and
tegmina and the larger size of the Caparo female. As shown in
the original figure the type has the paired pattern of the pronotal
disk made up of groups of five blackish fuscous spots, diverging
cephalad, and the area occupied by each paired group broadening
in the same direction. In the Porto Velho male the spots are
all united in two bars, which follow exactly the same outline as
the groups in the type individual aad are broadly fused with the
black caudal margin of the disk; the small interno-caudal spots
of the type are here semi-detached. The Caparo female has the
infuscate tendency developed a step farther, the peripheral mar-
gin of the disk pattern remaining essentially the same, but the
pale central area is reduced by the presence of a pair of elongate
comma-shaped spots between the cephalic sections of the dark
pattern. The dark caudal margin is also broader laterad than
in the other specimens. The base color of the pronotum is
faintly paler, more nearly ochraceous-buff" than the yellow-ocher of
JAMES A. G. REHN 245
the type, while the tegmina are cinnamon-huff instead of clay
color. We consider the type to represent a recessive type of
coloration, while the Caparo female is the intensive extreme, the
Porto Velho specimen holding an intermediate position.
The measurements (in millimeters) of the three specimens
before us are as follows:
>« 3
O -^ 4iC 'o'^ ^o B
■s.>^ Sa
■£ a
!D 0
Mo M ii rt ~ mm 'S
£-^ £ - t^ ^^ g'o
kJ fJ O J o
cf Porto Velho, Brazil 36 10.5 15.7 41 14.5
9 Caparo, Trinidad 46.3 13.4 19 50 19.2
9 Santa Clara Plains, Costa
Rica, type 42 11.5 16.0 42 15.7
The size variation is, of course, either geographic or individual
and in the present genus is quite a frequent occurrence. The
male sex has never been previously examined. The only features
in that sex which show noteworth}- differences from the female
are that the least interspace between the eyes is distinctly less
than the greatest dorso-ventral depth of the eye, while the sub-
genital plate is of the size and form usual in this genus and
moderatel}^ unsymmetrical, the dextral style situated at the
bottom of an arcuate emargination. The face of the male is
solidly blackish fuscous, which is true of the Caparo female as
well, the ventral surface of the abdomen is solidly of the same
color except for a narrow buffy lateral margin, extending from
the base of the abdomen to the apex, represented on the subgeni-
tal plate by a complete but very delicate edging.
The section of the genus Blaberus containing B. posticus,
biolleyi and jonoratus, with other species which may be distinct
from these three, or synonymous with the first and third, con-
stitute a valid group, quite removed from the bulk of the Blaberus
forms. The acquisition of more material and a study of the
constancy of certain features may result in making necessary the
erection of a genus for their reception.
CORYDIINAE
Euthyrrhapha pacifica (Coquebert)
1804. BlaUa pacijica Coquebert, Illustr. Iconogr. Insect., iii, p. 91, pi. xxi, fig.
1. [Islands of the Pacific Ocean.]
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
246 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
The other exact records of the occurrence of this circumtropical
species in Brazil were from Rio de Janeiro and Para.
OXYHALOINAE
Chorisoneura polita new species (Plate XIV, figs. 18, 18 and 20.)
A very distinct species which in general smoothness of surface
somewhat resembles Anaplecta fulgida. The character of the
femora, however, shows it has no relationship to that genus and
clearly belongs to the present group.
Type. — 9 ; Independencia, State of Parahyba, Brazil. (Stan-
ford Expedition; Mann and Heath.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5250.]
Size medium (for the genus) : form moderately depressed ; surface glabrous.
Head projecting cephalad of the cephalic margin of the pronotum; occiput
truncato-arcuate when seen from the dorsum, broad, the width about twice the
depth of one of the eyes: eyes elongate reniform, narrowed at their extremities:
antennae distinct, surpassing the body in length, rather sparsely but distinctly
pilose: palpi with the fourth joint simple, slightly tapering; fifth joint slightly
more than half again as long as the fourth joint, slender proximad, increasing
in thickness to the distal third, thence narrowing to the blunt apex. Pronotum
transverse subelliptical, the greatest width about twice the greatest length:
cephalic margin gently arcuate, rounding by a faintly marked angle into the
moderately arcuate divergent lateral margins; caudal margin arcuate laterad,
truncate mesad, caudo-lateral angles broadly rounded : lateral sections of the
pronotum deflexed. Tegmina surpassing the apex of the abdomen by more
than the length of the pronotum, in form elongate lanceolate, the greatest
width contained two and two-thirds times in the greatest length : costal margin
regularly and gently arcuate; sutural margin straight except proximad and
distad where it is distinctly arcuate; apex roundly subacute-angulate: marginal
field narrow, reaching almost to the middle of the tegmina, deplanate; anal
field acute pyriform: discoidal and median veins parallel for the greater portion
of their length, costal rami of the discoidal vein about twelve in number, the
same vein with two rami toward the sutural margin distad; median vein with
three rami toward the sutural margin; ulnar vein simple; anal vein strongly
arcuate proximad, faintly arcuate mesad and distad, reaching the sutural mar-
gin at proximal two-fifths; axillary veins about four in number. Wings with
the costal margin considerably arcuate distad; appendicular field of medium
size, its greatest length equal to one-third of the length of the remainder of
the wing, greatest width of field distinctly exceeding its greatest length, the
margin nearly semicircular, having a very slight emargination at the apex of the
folding vein, the basal outline of the field nearly rectangulate: mediastine vein
reaching to the distal two-thirds of the margin ; discoidal vein straight, reaching
to costal angle of base of the appendicular field, bearing nine costal rami which
are but faintly thickened; median vein weak, rather indistinct, straight except
that distad it curves toward the humeral vein; ulnar vein straight except for a
short proximal arcuation, bearing a single ramus which diverges at a right
JAMES A. G. REHN 247
distacl toward the dividing vein; axillarj- vein biraniose, one ramus diverging
mesad, the other distad; medio-discoidal area divided into ten rectangulate
areas of varying size by cross nervures; medio-ulnar area with several divisions
of similar character distad. Abdomen broad, depressed: supra-anal plate
trigonal, arcuate-emarginate laterad, narrowly bilobate with a deep narrow
sinus mesad, with long setae in the distal region; cerci elongate fusiform,
depressed, with scattered elongate setae; subgenital piate broad, margin
arcuate, weakly emarginate mesad. Femora without spines beneath except a
strong distal spine on each margin except the cephalic ventro-caudal; cephalic
femora with ventro-cephalic margin having a close series of short pile: dorsal
genicular spine absent from cephalic femora, present on median and caudal
femora: caudal tarsi with metatarsus faintly longer than the remainder of the
tarsus: arolia large.
General color dull ochraceous-orange with the lateral portions of the pro-
notum and the marginal field of the tegmina clear hyaline, the ochi-aceous-
orange of the tegmina paling distad. Eyes fuscous. Dorsal surface of the
abdomen of the general color, darkening distad, ventral surface of the abdomen
ochraceous-tawny, the segments laterad and distad narrowly margined with
white. Limbs becoming ochraceous-buff distad.
Length of body, 6.4 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.2; greatest width of prono-
tum, 2.6; length of tegmen, 6.8; greatest width of tegmen, 2.3.
A badly damaged female individual from Manaos, Brazil
(collected by Miss H. B. Merrill), in the collection of the United
States National Museum, we have provisionally referred to this
species. The Manaos specimen has lost all of the limbs and the
apex of the abdomen is not perfect. If, as appears evident, this
individual and the tj'-pe are identical, the species has a consider-
able distribution.
Chorisoneura pulcherritna new species (Plate XV, figs. 23, 24 and 25.)
While apparently related to C. discoidalis Burmeister, the
pattern of this species is so distinctive it needs comparison with
none of the other forms of the genus.
Type.— c^; Para, State of Para, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.)
[Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5260.]
Size rather small: form depressed: surface glabrous. Head with the occiput
largely exposed cephalad of the pronotum, broad, nearly straight in outline, the
least interspace between the eyes equal to one and one-half times the greatest
depth of the eye and but faintly less than the interspace between the antennal
scrobes: face gently rounded: ej^es when viewed from the cephalic aspect are
seen to have the margins distinctly converging to the position of the interocular
color band, then strongly sinuate about the antennal bases: antennae surpass-
ing the body in length, pro.\imal joint robust, slight!}' ciu'ved; second joint not
quite one-half as long as the proximal one; third joint slender, slightly more
than one-half as long as the proximal joint; remaining joints moniliform, very
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
3
248 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
short proximad, increasing in length distad: palpi with third and fourth joints
subequal in length, slender, but fourth slightly expanding distad; fifth joint
about one-half again as long as the fourth joint, of the conventional form for
this segment. Pronotum transverse elliptical, deplanate, greatest length con-
tained nearly one and three-fourth times in the greatest width, which is faintly
caudad of the middle: cephalic margin gently arcuate, latero-oephalic angles
hardly indicated, lateral margins broadly and strongly rounded, caudo-lateral
angles but slightly more apparent than the latero-cephalic ones, caudal margin
faintly arcuate: in transverse section the pronotum is gently arcuate. Tegmina
slightly surpassing the apex of the abdomen, elongate lanceolate, in greater
part subequal in width, the greatest width contained about three and one-half
times in the greatest length: costal margin distinctly arcuate proximad and
distad; sutural margin briefly but strongly arcuate proximad, the scutellum
being exposed between the tegmina, distad the sutural margin is more strongly
arcuate than the costal margin; apex of the tegmina narrowly rounded acute-
angulate, nearer the costal than the sutural margin : marginal field narrow, well
reflexed, reaching to the middle of the tegmen; scapular field broad, occupying
at its greatest width about two-fifths of the entire tegminal width; anal field
elongate, acute pyriform: discoidal vein arcuate proximad, thence straight to
the apex, in the scapular field with nine distinct rami, some of which are
bifurcate; median vein paralleling the discoidal vein but well separated from
the same, bifurcate at the distal third, the sutural branch biramose, the main
vein with three oblique rami proximad of the furcation; ulnar vein short,
ol:)lique; anal vein strongly arcuate proximad, thence straight oblique, reaching
the sutural margin at proximal third; axillary veins three in number, well
separated. Wings reaching to the apex of the tegmina: mediastine vein
involved in the costal ramifications, costal veins numbering at least nine, some
bifurcating, all poorly defined and weakly or not at all clavate; discoidal vein
faintly sinuate proximad, elsewhere nearly straight, reaching to the proximo-
cephalic angle of the appendicular field; median vein paralleling the discoidal
vein, unbranched, separated from the discoidal vein by a uniform area generally
less in width than the medio-ulnar area, the medio-discoidal area divided by
regular cross- veins into eight to nine subquadrate sections; medio-ulnar area
with several cross- veins distad; ulnar vein simple; axillary vein biramose;
appendicular field with its length subequal to one-third that of the remainder
of the wing at the dividing vein, semi-ovate in distal outline, basal form obtuse-
angulate. Supra-anal plate transverse trigonal, the margin faintly sinuate
laterad and the apex well rounded; cerci broad, depressed, incomplete in the
unique type; subgenital plate short, relatively narrow as it falls far short of
the width of the disto-ventral abdominal segment, the margin converging
laterad and produced mesad into an acute process, which is faintly elevated
distad; styles situated at the base of the process and compressed cultriform,
acute, unequal in size, the dcxtral the larger, but of relatively similar form : of
the internal genitalia elongate paired processes, having the same general
divergence and direction of the styles, project distad of the external genital
features, while an unpaired arcuate needk^-like process is also evident. Femora
unspined beneath; cephalic femora with v(>ntro-cephalic margin bearing a dis-
tal spine; no dorsal genicular spine on cephalic femora, median and caudal
JAMES A. G. REHN 249
femora with distinct dorsal genicular spines: caudal tarsi with metatarsus
slightly more than one-half of the total tarsal length; arolia present.
General color of head, thorax, abdomen and tegmina burnt sienna to chest-
nut; pronotum with disk dark seal brown. Head with a transverse bar between
the most approximate portions of the eyes cream color, this having a fine median
penciling of dark seal brown; eyes prout's brown; antennae and palpi buff-
yellow. Pronotum with the disk solidly colored, the caudal margin pale
ochraceous-buff, narrowing mesad, lateral margins broadly and cephalic
margin narrowly hyaline, tinted with light buff. Tegmina with marginal field
and almost all of distal two-thirds of scapular field, and a narrow costal margin-
ing connecting these two, subhyaline tinted with buffy, an obUque, faintly
arcuate bar, directed disto-caudad and placed at the apex of the anal field and
broadly connecting with the costal edging, of similar character. Wings
strongly washed with fuscous, the region of the costal veins for a considerable
section of the distal half opaque light orange-yellow. Thoracic segments and
dorsal apex of the abdomen washed with seal brown. Limbs buff-yellow.
Length of body, 6.S mm.; length of pronotum, 1.7; greatest width of prono-
tum, 2.7; length of tegmen, 6.8; greatest width of tegmen, 2.2.
The type of this beautiful and striking species is unique.
Chorisoneura personata new species (Plate XV, fig. 31.)
Apparently close to C. inquinata Saussure and fordida Brunner,
differing from the former in the much smaller size, in the colora-
tion of the front and vertex and in the absence of any trace of a
humeral tegminal band. From sordida the present species differs
in the fewer rami to the discoidal vein of the tegmina and the
more fulvous coloration.
Type. — 9 ; Independencia, State of Parahyba, Brazil. (Stan-
ford Expedition; Mann and Heath.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5262.]
Size small: form depressed, elongate ovate. Head but faintly projecting
cephalad of the cephalic margin of the pronotum, broad, depressed: occiput
gently arcuate when seen from the dorsum, the least interspace between the
ej'es equal to one and a half times their depth: antennae at least as long as the
body, proximal joint slightly enlarged: palpi with the third joint moderately
elongate, straight; fourth joint shorter than the third joint, slightly and
regularly enlarging distad; fifth joint subequal in length to the third joint, rather
slender, subequal proximad, tapering from the proximal two-fifths. Pronotum
moderately transverse, subreniform-ovate, its greatest length contained one
and a half times in its greatest width: cephalic margin relatively narrow, gently
arcuate; latero-cephalic angles very faintly indicated, regularly and broadly
rounded; lateral margins diverging oblique arcuate; latero-caudal angles
broadly rounded; caudal margin arcuato-truncate; greatest width slightly
caudad of the middle: disk arcuate dorsad when seen in section; hj^aline lateral
sections moderately declivent. Tegmina elongate lanceolate, very faintly
surpassing the apex of thesubgenital plate: costal and sutural margins regularly
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
250 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
arcuate, faintly flattened mesad, apex acute: marginal field of medium width
and extending to two-fifths the length from the base of the tegmen; anal
field acute pyriform, reaching on the sutural margin almost the same distance
as the mediastine vein does on the costal margin: venation distinct, moderately
elevated, strongly accentuated by all the principal, cross and accessory veins
being hyaline in contrast with the general coloration; costal veins nine to
twelve in number, a number bifurcate near their bases; median vein biramose
to triramose; ulnar vein bifurcate; axillary veins five in number. Wings
relatively narrow: appendicular field relatively small, largely intercalated, the
proximal angle of the same acute, distal margin of field strongly rounded,
slightly flattened mesad: costal margin of anterior field well arcuate distad,
rather sharply rounding to the proximo-costal angle of the appendicular
field: costal veins twelve in number, several bifurcate distad, all non-clavate;
areas at the bases of the costal veins subquadrate, slightly oblique in trend;
discoidal vein straight, entire; median and ulnar veins simple; medio-discoidal
area with generally quadrate enclosures; axillary vein biramose. Supra-anal
plate produced trigonal, the immediate apex narrowly emarginate: cerci
moderately depressed, tapering, hirsute: subgenital plate compressed, sub-
rostrate, a decided V-cleft extending proximad for a short distance along the
ventral surface: ootheca carried with the carina dorsad, the carina of the
same supplied with a numV)er of regularly placed, minute, conical points.
Cephalic femora with an elongate ventro-cephalic spine and no dorso-genicular
or ventro-caudal spines; median and caudal femora with large ventro-cephalic,
ventro-caudal and dorso-genicular spines; cephalic femora with the ventro-
cephalic margin with pili.orm spines; median and caudal femora with bristles
on the same margin, but no spines; caudal tarsi elongate, metatarsus longer
than the other joints united, arolia large.
General color chamois, beneath light to warm buff; lateral areas of pronotum,
marginal and costal section of scapular fields pellucid; intervenular areas of
tegmina washed with old gold, venation pellucid. Wings washed with pale
clay color, stronger along the costal margin and at the base of the appendicular
field than elsewhere. Head with an interocular bar of pale ochraceous-salmon,
this finely outlined dorsad with fuscous, and single points of the same color
placed latero-ventrad of the pale bar; antennae briefly lined with fuscous
ventro-proximad ; eyes blackish.
Measurements of type (in millimeters): length of body, 6.4; length of
pronotum, 1.9; greatest width of pronotum, 2.5; length of tegmen, 6.2; greatest
width of tegmen, 2.
We have before us a paratypic series of nine females as follows :
Independencia, Parahyba, Brazil. (Mann and Heath.)
[A. N. S. P. and Stanford University.] Five females.
Bonito, Pernambuco, Brazil. January, 1883. (A. Koebele.)
[U. S. N. M. and A. N. S. P.] Four females.
This series shows some noteworthy variational features in
structure and coloration. The median vein of the tegmina,
while retaining the described proportions, occasionally has four
JAMES A. G. REHN 251
rami, while another specimen has two of the three rami bifurcate.
Again the uhiar vein is fused "with the median, in which case the
latter is quinque-ramose; while the most striki<ig variation in
the median vein is found in one specimen, which has it short,
diverging from the discoidal vein mesad and then biramose.
This latter condition is pronounced in but one tegmen, the other
one having the structure more nearly approaching the normal,
while the ulnar vein of the remarkable tegmen is triramose.
The color variation consists of a deepening of the general color,
rarely accompanied by an indefinite mottled pronotal pattern
of browaiish. The tegminal infumation is more brownish and
less greenish-brown in these specimens.
Chorisoneura inquinata Saiissure?
1869 . Chorisoneura inquinata Saussure, Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, 2e ser.,
xxi, p. 112. [Brazil.]
Ceara Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
male.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Four
males.
These specimens are appreciably smaller than the measure-
ments of the species given by Saussure and also differ in a few
apparently minor features of the coloration, but in the majority
of the characters they agree with inquinata, which was based on
the opposite sex from the material examined by us. It is prob-
able that the differences seen by us can be accounted for by
sexual diversity and so we prefer to consider them for the present.
These are the onh' exact localities from which the species has
been recorded.
Chorisoneura tessellata new species (Plate XV, figs. 2G and 27.)
Closely related to C. gracilis (Saussure), from which it strikingly
differs in the larger size, in the antennae being wholly blackish
proximad and in the wings being pale infumate.
Type. — cf ; Ceara Mirim, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
(Stanford Expedition; W. M. Mann.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5263.]
Size relatively large (for the genus) : form depressed: surface polished, vena-
tion of the tegmina distinctly raised. Head projecting cephalad of the prono-
tum for its full width; occipital outline truncate when seen from the dorsum;
surface of the occiput rugose : interspace between the eyes equal to one and one-
half times the greatest depth of the eye; antennal scrobes more distant than
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
252 BKAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
the eyes: eyes elongate, narrow, strongly reniform: antennae surpassing the
length of the body; proximal joint about as long as the ocular interspace,
arcuate; second joint short conical, not half as long as the proximal joint; third
joint subequal in length to the second one, moniliform; succeeding joints short,
monihform, piligerous: palpi with third joint elongate, slender; fourth joint
about two-thirds as long as the third joint, inverted elongate conical; fifth
joint of the usual elongate obtuse-angle triangle type, the length of the joint
subequal to that of the third joint. Pronotum transverse subequal elliptical,
the greatest length contained one and one-half times in the greatest width:
cephalic margin faintly arcuate, almost imperceptibl}' sinuate dorsad of the
eyes ; lateral margins very broadly, regularly and strongly arcuate ; caudal mar-
gin arcuato-truncate ; in transverse section the pronotum is flattened caudad,
elsewhere regularly but not strongly declivent ; surface of the disk with a dis-
tinct medio-longitudinal depression, which is narrower and deeper caudad, fail-
ing to reach either the cephalic or caudal margin, laterad of this the disk shows
some irregular but paired impressions and lateral diverging sulci at caudal
third. Tegmina surpassing the apex of the abdomen by the length of the
pronotum, acuminate lanceolate, the greatest width, which is at the proximal
third, contained three times in the greatest length: costal margin strongly
arcuate proximad, nearly straight distad; sutural margin straight except
for a short proximal arcuation, which exposes the scutellum, and a distal
convergence to the acute but narrowly rounded apex: marginal field very
broad, reaching to about the middle of the tegmen, very much attenuate
distad, in transverse section slightly declivent; scapular field broad at the
middle of the tegmen, regularly narrowing distad ; anal field pyrif orm : discoidal
vein gently arcuate proximad, thence straight distad; costal veins strong,
oblique and sixteen to seventeen in number; discoidal vein with four short
rami to the sutural margin distad; median vein paralleling the discoidal vein
to the distal third, thence arcuate toward and joining the sutural margin,
rami of the median vein five to seven in number and frequently bifurcate; anal
vein strongly arcuate proximad, straight distad except for a short arcuation at
the sutural margin, which is joined at its proximal third; axillary veins four
in number, with two incomplete supplementary veins. Wings moderately
elongate; costal margin slightly flattened at the costal veins: appendicular
field relatively small and intercalary in position, its free margin arcuate and
not extending the margin of the wing, its outline proximad acute: mediastine
vein anastomosing with the costal veins; discoidal vein straight, reaching to
the proximo-cephalic angle of the appendicular field; median vein in general
straight, distad gently approaching the discoidal vein; medio-discoidal area
mesad nearly twice as wide as the mcdio-ulnar area and divided by cross-
veins into eleven rectangulate, frequently quadrate, interspaces; medio-ulnar
area with five or more short transverse veins; ulnar vein bifurcate distad;
axillary vein biramose. Abdomen with the dorsal antepenultimate segment
bearing a median circular glandular impression, which is rather regularly
clothed with pile directed inward toward its center, a medio-longitudinal carina
present within the same impression: supra-anal plate transverse, broadly
trigonal; margin faintly indented mesad, the form much ol)scured due to
shrivelling: ccrci elongate, subfusiform, depressed; apex attenuate, acuminate;
JAMES A. G. REHN 253
individual segments well indicated, faintly constricted at the intersegmental
sulci, well supplied with long hairs: subgenital plate slightly asynimetrical,
strongly concavo-emarginate latero-ventrad of the cerci, moderately produced
mesad; styles placed close together, elongate, heavy, compressed structures
having much the form of a "bill-hook," their internal margin sulcate, the re-
curved apex directed meso-ventrad and the proximal half much thickened and
broadened ventrad, there bearing proximad several long prominent bristles.
Limbs elongate, slender : median and caudal femora unarmed beneath ; cephalic
femora with ventro-cephalic margin piligerous, the same limbs with two
distinct genicular spines distad on the cejihalic face, a single one on the caudal
face, no dorsal genicular spine present; median and caudal femora with a
single distal genicular spine on each face and a dorsal genicular spine: tarsi
with arolia.
Pronotum, aside from the disk, the marginal field and all of the scaj)ular
field of the tegmina, except a narrow section along the discoidal vein, hyaline:
disk of the pronotum ochraceous-orange, remainder of tegmina washed with
dull wax yellow, the venation strongly contrasted in mustard yellow. Head
with occiput ochraceous-orange, a broad dorsal interocular bar deep seal
brown; face clear naples yellow; eyes black; antennae shining seal brown,
paling to buckthorn brown distad ; palpi dull cinnamon-buff. Pronotum with
the hyaline cephalic and caudal margins pale; disk with a pair of faint wax
yellow dots caudad. Tegmina with a faint wash of ochraceous-orange along
the humeral trunk proximad. Wings infumate with clay color. Abdomen
dull primuline yellow. Limbs dull cinnamon-buff.
Length of body, 8.6 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.4; greatest width of prono-
tum, 3.6; length of tegmen, 9.7; greatest width of tegmen, 3.5.
The type of this really magnificent species is unique.
Chorisoneura lata new species (Plate XV, figs. 28, 29 and 30.)
A very distinct species, allied, however, to C. tessellata which it
resembles in general from, from which lata can be readily separated
by the more depressed head and greater interspace between the
eyes, the absence of black from the vertex, in the presence of
paired white lines on the pronotal disk and in the more ferruginous
and less fulvescent wash of the interspaces of the colored portion
of the tegmina.
Type.— cf ; Parc4, State of Pani, Brazil. ((\ V. Baker.) [Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5284.]
Size large (for the genus) : form depressed, in outlin*^ elongate elliptico-ovoid:
surface shining. Head broad, decidedly depressed; when seen from the
dorsum practical^ the whole occiput and cephalic half of the eyes project
cephalad of the pronotum, occif)ital outline truncate, almost imperceptibly
concave when viewed from a dorso-caudal point: interspace between the eyes
broad, faintly more than one and ono-haff times the greatest depth of the
eye: eyes prominent, elongate reniform in basal outline, their greatest depth
contained about two and one-half times in their greatest length: antennae
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
254 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
broken: palpi with third joint elongate, slender; fourth joint shorter than third,
very slender at base, gently enlarging distad; fifth joint subequal to fourth
joint in length, in proximal third continuing the enlargement of the fourth
joint, then regularly narrowing to the apex. Pronotum transverse eUiptical
with a rectangulate tendency due to the squareness of the cephalic and caudal
margins; greatest width slightly more than one and one-half times the greatest
length: cephalic margin sub truncate with a relatively broad median section
reaching from dorsad of the internal margin of one eye to that of the other
eye, gently arcuate; caudal margin with the faintest arcuation; lateral margins
broadly arcuate; latero-cephalic angle hardly indicated, the passage from
cephalic to lateral margin being so regular; caudo-lateral angle indicated but
broadly rounded; greatest width of the pronotum mesad: disk of the pronotum
faintly declivent cephalo-laterad, with a distinct medio-longitudinal impression
and paired lateral, sinuate, obhque indentations: lateral sections of the pronotum
concave cephalad, faintly bossed over the tegminal bases. Tegmina elongate,
greatest width at proximal third, thence regularly narrowing to the narrowly
rounded but still acute apex: costal margin arcuate, more strongly so proximad
than distad, where it is appreciably flattened; sutural margin straight except
for the short but decided proximal arcuation and the distinct distal rounding
to the apex: marginal field very broad, deflected into a more horizontal plane,
reaching to very nearly the middle of the tegmen; scapular field quite broad,
at its widest point broader than the marginal field, tapering in width distad;
anal field elongate pyriform: venation well indicated, moderately raised;
mediastine vein simple; discoidal vein with approximately eighteen costal rami,
between the long, more prominent and proximal of which are equally well
deve'oped false nervures, which are difficult to distinguish from the true rami,
distad the discoidal vein sends four rami to the sutural margin, of which one or
more rami may bifurcate; median vein paralleling the discoidal vein in the
median third of the tegmen, bearing three to five rami, one or more of which is
bifurcate; ulnar vein simple: anal vein joining the sutural margin at the
proximal third; axillary veins five in number. Wings with no true appendicular
field but instead a considerable intercalated triangle, which in length is equal
to approximately one-fourth that of the remainder of the wing and proximad
is acute-angulate; anterior field relatively narrow: costal margin slightly
flattened meso-distad: mediastine vein short, direct; discoidal vein with a
strongly marked humeral branch, which bears four costal veins; costal veins
about sixteen in number, the distal ones not clearly marked, all oblique toward
the costal margin, but distal ones wholly oblique, moderately clavate; discoidal
vein straight and unforked from humeral branching; median vein simple, faintly
arcuate; ulnar vein arcuate distad, there bearing thi-ee rami; axillary vein
biramose, the distal one bifurcate: humero-discoidal area with three sub-
quadrate interspaces; medio-discoidal area faintly broader than the medio-ulnar
area, occupied by fairly regular subquadrate interspaces; medio-ulnar area
with only incomplete and indistinct divisions. Abdomen narrowing distad:
supra-anal plate transverse, trigonal, the apex narrow and faintly emarginatc,
the free margin with a few relatively long bristles: ccrci elongate, depressed
fusiform, distinctly attenuate distad: sut)genital plate with a pair of distinct
semicircular, folded impressions of the margin and of the plate situated ventrad
JAMES A. G. REHN 255
of the cerci; between these impressions the plate is moderately rectangulate
produced and bears distad the styles, which are elongate, heavy, compressed,
dagger-like structures, broad at their bases and tapering to the bluntlj^ rounded
apices, the styles are symmetrical and reach to about the distal third of the
cerci. Femora unarmed beneath, margins only haired but the usual distal
ventral spine large; dorsal genicular spines present on cephalic and median
femora, caudal femora lacking: arolia present.
General color of the head, disk of the pronotum, and anal and discoidal and
juxta-discoidal section of the scapular fields of the tegmina ochraceous-orange;
lateral portions of pronotum and remainder of tegmina hyaline; the abdomen
as a whole apricot yellow. Head with the face more orange-buff than the
occiput, which is of the general color; at the narrowest point of the interocular
space is situated a transverse bar of dull cream-white, which broadens laterad
and there encloses a minute point of brownish; eyes blackish fuscous mottled
with umber. Pronotum with the disk bearing a median pair of e'ongate
comma-shaped whitish lines. Tegmina with the veins finely pencilled with
milky white. Wings washed with pale ochraceous-orange, more strongly so
distad. Abdomen tending toward ochraceous-orange laterad and ochraceous
tawny distad. Limbs dull warm buff.
Length of body, 9.7 mm.; length of pronotum, 2.5; greatest width of pronotum
3.6; length of tegmen, 10.5; greatest wddth of tegmen, 3.3.
The type of this really beautiful species is unique.
Chorisoneura albonervosa new species (Plate XIV, figs. 21 and 22.)
Apparently allied to C. caJogramma Walker, differing in the
veins of the discoidal field being nearly longitudinal and in
numerous features of the coloration; i. e. of the head, pronotal
disk, absence of humeral streak, etc.
Type.— a" ; Parc4, State of Para, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5265.]
Size medium (for the genus): form elliptico-ovoid; moderately depressed:
surface polished. Head with its entire width visible cephalad of the pronotum
when seen from the dorsum, the occiput truncate, the eyes regularly rounded;
interocular space faintly broader than the depth of the eye: eyes reniform in
basal outline, subequal in depth the greater portion of their length, shortly
narrowing caudad: antennae slightly surpassing the body in length, pro.ximal
joint but faintly shorter than the ocular interspace; second joint nearly half as
long as the proximal one; third joint subequal to the second; foiu-th and suc-
ceeding joints very short, moniliform: palpi with the third joint eloiigate, quite
slender; fourth joint shorter than the third, regularly enlarging distad, fifth
joint subecjual in length to the third, relatively roljust, of the form usual in
the group, with the greater width at the distal third, thence regularly narrowing
distad. Pronotum of the same shape as in C. lata but slightly less strongly
transverse; sin-face contour identical with that of lata except for lacking the
medio-longitudinal impression. Tegmina lanceolate, moderately acuminate,
greatest width (at proximal third) contained slightly more than tlu-ee times
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
256 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
in the length: costal margin well arouate proximad, thence straight with a
very faint sinuation; sutural margin arcuate, well flattened on median half;
apex rounded acute: marginal field moderately wide, reaching to distal two-
fifths of the tegmen, deplanate; scapular field broad, regularly narrowing
distad from the middle of the tegmen, where the width of the field is
almost one-half of the tegminal width; anal field acute, elongate pyri-
form: venation decided, elevated: mediastine vein arcuate distad; humeral
vein sinuate mesad, much the same as but more decidedly than the costal
margin, costal veins numbering about fourteen, the distal ones hard to dis-
tinguish from intercalated false nervures, which are as strongly indicated as the
costal veins themselves and are between all the latter, on the internal side the
humeral vein bears no true rami; median vein biraniose, the rami in general
longitudinal; ulnar vein biramose, the rami in general longitudinal; anal vein
in distal half straight, hardly arcuate at its apex, joining the sutural margin
slightly proximad of the proximal third; axillary veins three to four in number,
the fourth adventitious, being indicated on the sinistral and not on the dextral
tegmen. Wing with anterior field damaged; appendicular field small, also
damaged: costal veins at least ten in number, bent in direction, not clavate;
discoidal and median veins straight, simple; ulnar vein with a number of
rectangularly diverging, short, regularly placed, incomplete cross veins
caudad in distal section; axillary vein biramose: medio-discoidal area of medium
regular width, divided into a number of subquadrate interspaces by straight
cross veins; medio-ulnar area in general narrower than the medio-discoidal area,
divided distad into subquadrate interspaces. Abdomen regularly narrowing
distad; antepenultimate dorsal segment with a circular, depressed, glandular
area, which is deeper proximad than distad and divided into two fairly well
marked divisions by a medio-longitudinal fold: supra-anal plate transverse,
the greatest length contained slightly more than twice in the greatest width,
distal margin sinuato-convergent laterad to a median subtruncate section,
which has a very faint median emargination and which passes roimdly into the
lateral sections of the same margin: cerci damaged: subgenital plate with the
distal margin broadly arcuato-emarginate to receive each style, which are
closely placed and between whose sockets the margin is obtuse-angulate; styles
very similar to those of C. lata but proportionately heavier and more twisted.
Femora unspined ventrad, there supplied with hairs, disto-ventral spine of the
cephalic face of the cephalic femora very elongate, disto-ventral spines of
both faces of the median and caudal femora shorter, dorsal genicular spine
present on median and caudal femora, very elongate: arolia present.
General color of the disk of the pronotum, anal and discoidal and narrow
juxta-discoidal edging of the scapular fields orange rufous; lateral portions of
pronotum and marginal and remainder of scapular fields hyaline. Head
blackish-fuscous, a transverse band of dull sulphur yellow at narrowest point of
interocular space, immediately ventrad of which is a very fine hair line of the
same color, which line also margins the eyes ventrad for a short distance;
antennae of the color of the head; palpi, labrum and distal half of clypeus light
ochraceo US-buff; eyes prout's brown mottled with fuscous. Pronotum with
the cephalic margin immediately cephalad of the disk clouded with napthalene
yellow, caudal margin for its full width narrowly clouded with wliito. 'I'egmina
JAMES A. G. REHN 257
with the general color very dilute in the normally covered section of the dextral
tegmen; normally exposed principal venation pencilled with white, the costal
veins faintly lined with the same. Wings washed with ochraceous cephalad
and infuscate caudad. Abdomen and thorax ochraceous-buff ; limbs ochraceous
buff.
Length of body, 8.2 mm.; length of pronotum, 1.8; greatest width of prono-
tum, 2.8; length of tegmen, 8.1; greatest width of tegmen, 2.7.
The type of this species is unique. The coloration is very
striking and quite distinctive.
Mantidae
orthoderinae
Chaeteessa filata Burmeister
1838. Ch[aeteessa] filata Burmeister, Handb. der Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt. 1,
p. 528. [Siara (Ceara), Brazil.]
Para, Para. July. One female.
Porto Velho, Rio ]\Iadeira. (Mann and Baker.) One
female.
The diagnostic features given by Burmeister in his very brief
description are fully evident in this material, of which the Porto
Velho specimen shows the following measurements: length of
body, 18 mm.; length of pronotum, 3.1; greatest width of prono-
tum, 2.6; length of tegmen, 21; length of cephalic femur, 4.5.
The Para specimen differs from the Porto Velho one in having the
fuscous cloudings of the head and pronotum much reduced, while
the pattern on the limbs is as complete and intense as in the
Porto Velho representative. The cerci of the Para specimen are
complete except possibly the last joint, and in length are little
more than one-half as long as the abdomen.
The present records considerably extend the range of the
species to the westward.
Mantoida fulgidipennis Westwood
18SV). Mantoida fulgidipennis Westwood, Rec. Insect. Fam. jSIuntid., p. 28,
pi. XIV, fig. 9. [Banks of the Amazons.]
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Company Camp 39, Rio ^Madeira.
(Mann and Baker.) One male.
This specimen fully agrees with the description of the species,
but is distinct]}^ smaller, as would be expected, the species having
been described from the female sex. The dimensions of the male
are as follows: length of body, 12.7 nun.; length of pronotum, 2.1:
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
258 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
greatest width of pronotum, 2; length of teginen, 13.2; length of
cephalic femur, 2.8.
Westwood states that the species occurred in the forest on low
trees. Chopard-^ has reported it from Nouveau-Chantier, French
Guiana.
MANTINAE
Acontiothespis-' brevipennis (Saussure)
1872. A[contista] brevipennis Saussure, Mel. Orthopt., ii, fasc. iv, p. 21,
pi. 9, fig. 20. [Brazil.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Three
males, one female.
Baturite Mountains, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One male.
Maranguape Mountains, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One
female.
This species was previously known only from the female sex.
It is evident that in both sexes it is close to A. himaculata and in
the male sex to the Central American A. vitrea, the female of
which is not available. All of the present series have been
immersed in alcohol and in consequence only structure and
wing pattern can be mentioned. In brevipennis, when compared
with himaculata, the male has the lateral margins of the facial
scutellum more arcuate, the pronotum is heavier with the
constricted caudal section more elongate, the dorsal line more
sinuate when seen from the lateral aspect, the tegmina bears a
small irregular more or less pronounced maculation of seal I rown
mesad on the discoidal field and the wings are immaculate hyaline.
From vitrea the male of brevipennis differs in the head being of a
slightly different shape, in the slightly shorter though similarly
shaped pronotum, which also is more decidedly constricted caudad,
and in the more numerous and closely placed spines on the
external margin of the cephalic tibiae. The female of brempennis
differs from the same sex of himaculata in the same features of
the head and pronotum as the males do, in the equally abbreviate
22 Ann. Soc. Entom. France, Ixxx, p. 316, (1911).
23 The genus Acontistes Burmeister, as has been pointed out by Saussure and
Zehntner (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., i, p. 130, (1894), is preoccupied by Acon-
tistes Sundevall in Aves. The emendation Acontista of Saussure, 1870, was
not proposed as a replacement, but apparently as a correction in gender, and
in consequence is not available to replace the preoccupied name. As a new
name for Acontistes Burmeister is necessary, we here propose Acontiothespis.
JAMES A. G. REHN 259
tegmina being sharper and with a relatively narrower and more
evenly attenuate marginal field. The female of bvmaculata is
larger than the same sex of hrevipennis.
A representative Independencia male measures : length of body,
17.5 mm.; length of pronotum, 4.3; greatest width of pronotum,
2.1; length of tegmen, 16.5; length of caudal fenmr, 4.5.
We feel convinced that the records of this species from northern
Argentina and southern Bolivia refer to A. bimaculata.
Hagiomantis superba (Gerstaecker)
1889. Lilurgusa superba Gerstaecker, Mitth. Naturw. Vcr. Neu-Vorpomm.
und Rligen, xx, p. 53. [Jurimaguas, Peru.]
Igarape de Candelaria, 8° 45' S, 63° 54' W, Rio Aladeira.
(E. A. Smith.) One female. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.]
Apparently this is the first record of this striking species since
the original description. The specimen was badly damaged by
pests before coming into our possession.
Metriomantis planicephala new species (Plate XV, figs. 32 and 33.)
A very distinct member of the genus, differing from the pre-
viously known species in the female sex having the dorsum of the
pronotum tuberculate, in the different proportions of the same
portion and in the shape of the facial scutellum, which has an
acute angulation dorso-mesad. Doubtless a number of other
features found in this species are diagnostic, such as the great
flattening of the head and the general outline of the same, but
regarding these the descriptions of the other forms are not suffi-
ciently detailed to enable us to judge. The male sex of this
genus was previously unknown.
Type. — cf ; Ceard, Mirim, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
(Stanford Expedition: W. M. Mann.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5270.]
Size rather small; form robust, compact. Head moderately broad, very
deep, greatest depth but little shorter than the greatest width across eyes;
when seen from the cephalic aspect the general form of the head is circular,
slightly flattened dorsad and slightly produced ventrad in the buccal region,
when seen from the dorsal aspect the head is strongly compressed cephalo-
caudad, the face even faintly concave, the eyes slightly projecting cephalad
of the ocellar and scutellar regions; outline of vertex, when seen from cephalic
aspect, arcuate with a slight median truncation; the distance from the median
section of the vertex to the dorsal margin of the facial scutellum subequal to
that from the latter point to the clj'peo-labial suture; ocelli small, distinct,
placed in a depressed triangle; facial scutellum about one and one-half times
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
260 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
as wide as the greatest depth, dorsal margin arcuate brace-shaped (- ' -),
the median point sharply acute-angulate and somewhat produced, lateral
margins of scutellum nearly straight, subparallel, ventral margin very faintly
arcuate concave, margins of plate appreciably cingulate, surface of plate faintly
concave; eyes not prominent, not breaking the regular outline of the head,
internal margins nearly straight, subparallel, interspace between eyes subequal
to the greatest depth of the eye; antennae fihform, not exceeding the pronotal
length. Pronotum robust, rather short, with cephalic half rather broad, nar-
rowing caudad to the narrower caudal third, which is two-thirds of the width
of the cephalic section, greatest cephalic width contained slightly more than
twice in the greatest length of the same; cephalic margin of the pronotum com-
pi'essed arcuate, slightly and narrowly flattened mesad, passing by a distinct
but blunt angle into a short, straight, subparallel section, this rounding regularly
into the narrower caudal section, caudal margin arcuate with a slight median
truncation; lateral margins strongly denticulate cephalad and caudad, less
distinctly armed mesad, cephalic and caudal margins nearly smooth; surface
of pronotum regularly tuberculate and denticulate with the exception of the
caudo-lateral sections of the collar, which are unarmed; collar occupying two-
fifths of the total pronotal length, transverse sulcus deeply impressed, median
line sulcate caudad on collar, faintly so cephalad on shaft and weakly carinate
caudad on same. Tegmina falling somewhat short of the apex of the abdo-
men, in length about one and one-half times that of the pronotum, broad,
greatest total width contained nearly one and one-half times in the total length
of the tegmen; marginal field very broad, at greatest width forming slightly
more than one-third of total tegminal width; costal margin strongly arcuate,
slightly flattened mesad, apex very broad, obliquely subtruncate, immediate
apex sutural in position, broadly rounded, sutural margin nearly straight to
the broad apex; marginal field with the transverse rami of the mediastine vein
regular and but slightly oblique, humeral vein strongly and regularly arcuate,
sectors of the discoidal vein regularly oblique and four in number, axillary
veins four in number, anal vein moderately arcuate, reaching sutural margin
slightly proximad of middle; stigma very narrow, linear, longitudinal, situated
briefly proximad of middle and about one-third of greatest width of discoidal
field from humeral vein. Wing falling little short of tegmina. Abdomen
broad, depressed: supra-anal plate slightly transverse, produced meso-caudad
in a semi-elliptical fashion; cerci not surpassing the subgenital plate, rather
thick, moniliform, composed of nine articles, distal one subconical; subgenital
plate ample, compressed rostrate distad. Cephalic limbs very robust; cephalic
coxae very slightly shorter than the pronotum, in section strongly compressed
triquetrous, dorsal margin with erect bistn-iate spines, the larger of which arc
of fair size, ventral margin with a series of numerous adpres.sed recurved teeth,
external margin weakly tuberculate, internal face regularly and serially tuber-
culate ventrad, dorso-external face weakly tuberculate; cephalic femora
strongly compressed, deep, greatest depth contained slightly more than three
times in the greatest length of the same, dorsal margin nearly straight, ventro-
extcrnal face with six teeth, proximal longer than the others, internal margin
with fourteen spines increasing in length i)roximad, whore they are l)iscria(e in
position, discoidal spines four in number, ungual sulcus at about jiroximal
JAMES A, G. REHN 261
third, margins shagreeno-tuberculate, external face tuberculate mesad;
cephalic tibiae (exclusive of claw) three-fifths as long as the femur, armed on
the external face with seventeen short, rather depressed spines increasing in
length distad, on the internal face with thirteen distinctly longer, more arcu-
ate spines increasing in length distad, claw very long; cephalic tibiae subequal
to the tibiae; metatarsus comprising slightly more than one-half the tarsal
length. Median and caudal limbs simple, moderately slender.
Coloration completely destroyed by immersion in alcohol.
Allotype. — cf ; Same data as the type.
Size small; form elongate, moderately slender yet rather robust for the sex-
Characters here given supplementary to the type description. Head much
resembling that of the female sex but broader in proportion to the depth, the
latter being three-fourths of the greatest width, and in the line of the vertex
being but faintly arcuate; dorsal portion of face proportionately slightly
shorter than in female; ocelli large, paired ones subcircular, ventral one slightly
transverse elliptical in outline, elevated on a decided boss; facial scutellum of
the same general form as in the male but dorsal margin with the median angle
rectangulate and less sharply cut off from the lateral sections of the same mar-
gin; eyes with the internal margin more undulate than in the female. Pro-
notum similar in form to that of the female but caudal compressed section
slightly more elongate, margins unarmed, surface but sparsely and weakly
tuberculate; shaft non-carinate meso-caudad but with a transverse impression
cephalad of the caudal margin. Tegmina elongate, probably surpassing the
apex of the abdomen (this missing in the allotype), opaque in the marginal
field and vicinity of the humeral trunk, subhyaline elsewhere; costal margin
strongly arcuate proximad, very faintly concave thence to the broadly arcuate
section of the same margin, sutural margin gently arcuate throughout, oblique
subtruncate proximad, more strongly arcuate distad, apex rather narrowly
rounded; rami of the mediastine vein numerous, moderately regular, oblique,
discoidal field with transverse nervures generally sigmoid and often connected
by irregular false intercalated longitudinal nervures; stigma elongate, linear,
oblique, distad touching the humeral trunk. Wings reaching to the tegminal
tips. Abdomen largely missing. Cephalic limbs in general form similar to
those of the male; dorsal margin of coxae with a series of sparse, low, generally
uniform, weakly recurved dentiform spines, dorsal margin practicalh' unarmed,
external margin unarmed, internal face armed as in the female but more weakly
so, dorso-external face unarmed; cephalic femora slightly more than three
times as long as deep, teeth of the external margin shorter and more regular
in length than in the female; cephalic tibiae distinctly but not greatly exceed-
ing the length of the tibiae exclusive of the claw. Median and cuulal limbs
simple, moderately slender, very strongly hirsute.
Coloration completely destroyed by immersion in alcohol.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
262 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Measurements (in millimeters)
cf 9
(allotype) (type)
Length of body, Abdomen imperfect. 30.8 (slightly shrunken)
Length of pronotum, 8.9 10 . 3
Greatest width of pronotum, 3.6 4.7
Length of tegmen, 30.8 16.3
Greatest width of tegmen, 8 (approximately) 11.6
Length of cephahc femur, 9 11.6
In addition to the type and allotype we have before us a topo-
typic immature female. This individual, although but half
grown, shows clearly the specific peculiarities.
MIOPTERYGINAE
Pseudomiopteryx guyanensis Chopard
1911. P[seudomiopteryz] guyanensis Chopard, Ann. Soc. Entom. France,
Ixxx, p. 324, figs. [Saint Jean and Saint Laurent du Maroni, French Guiana.]
Para, Pard. (W. M. Mann.) One female.
We have compared this specimen with a cotypic pair from Saint
Jean and Saint Laurent in the Hebard Collection. The Para
individual is appreciably smaller than the cotypic female, but in
character is fully typical of the species. When compared with
the male sex of the allied M. infuscata Saussure and Zehntner,
from Costa Rica, Chopard's species is seen to differ in the male
sex in the facial shield being less strongly transverse and the
dorsal margin of the same more angulate, in the tubercles of the
dorsum of the pronotum being blunter, in the smaller and more
irregular reticulations of the tegmina and in the shorter and more
decidedly transverse supra-anal plate.
The present record extends the range of the species to the
southeastward.
Thesprotia species
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One
female.
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Camp 39, Rio Madeira. (Mann
and Baker.) One male.
The male of this pair has lost the greater portion of the abdo-
men and its determination is accordingly very difficult, which,
however, the acquisition in future of more material from the
Guianas and eastern Brazil may make easier, by giving us topo-
types of cei-tain of the little known species of the older authors,
described from these regions.
JAMES A. G. REHN 263
CREOBOTRINAE
Acanthops falcataria Goeze
1778. [Manti.-i] falcataria Goeze, Entom. Beytr.. ii, p. 36. [Xo locality.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
This individual has been compared with a female specimen from
Nouveau-Chantier, French Guiana, determined and recorded by
Chopard.
Pseudacanthops caelebs (Saussure)
18G9. Hlymenopus] caelebs Saussure, Mittl. Schweiz. Entom. Gesell., iii,
p. 73. [Unloiown locality, later (1870) given as "Mexico".]
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Camp 43, Rio Madeira. (Mann
and Baker.) One male.
This specimen fully agrees with c male individual from Bolivia
in the Academy collection. Both specimens tally in every re-
spect with the detailed description given in 1871 by Saussure. ^^
Regarding the locality of the original material; first given as
unknown, next as "Mexico" and last as "Orizaba, Mexico";
we feel some doubt. No one has since found the species in Mexico
and we now have two definite records from the interior of South
America. Might not the geographic association of the material,
first considered to be from an unknown locality, have been
erroneous? At any rate we will await with interest the acquisi-
tion of Mexican material to be compared with our Brazilian and
Bolivian individuals.
VATINAE
Cardioptera minor new species (Plate XV, figs. 34 and 35.)
Allied to C. hrachyptera Burmeister, but differing in the dis-
tinctly smaller size, in the less cUstinctly denticulate character
of the caudal portion of the lateral margins of the pronotum, in
the contrastingly colored marginal field of the tegmina and in
the reduction of the femoral lobes.
Type. — 9 ; Independencia, State of Parahyba, Brazil. (Stan-
ford Expedition: Mann and Heath.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5272.]
Size small (for the genus) ; form rather slender, abdomen strongly depressed.
Head with the greatest depth comprising about four-fifths of the greatest
width, front appreciably concave, the eyes and the adjacent portion of the
2^ Mem. Mex. Mant., p. 148.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
4
264 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
head directed moderately latero-cephalad; occipital outline undulato-arcuate,
slightly flattened mesad, the juxta-ocular sections faintly arcuato-elevate; ocelli
small, distinct, arranged in a strongly depressed triangle; facial scutellum one
and two-thirds times as broad as deep, dorsal margin obtuse-angulate mesad,
rounded latero-dorsad, ventral margin weakly concave, surface of plate shal-
lowly concavo-excavate; eyes elongate ovoid in basal outline; antennae fili-
form, equal to two-thirds the length of the pronotum. Pronotum moderately
elongate, the greatest width across the supra-coxal dilation slightly less than
one-third the greatest median length; collar comprising almost one-third the
total pronotal length, subequal in width and with generally subparallel margins
which cephalad round into the arcuate cephalic margin and caudad gently
widen to the regularly rounded supra-coxal dilation, which is one and one-
half times as wide as the collar; shaft relatively slender, appreciably compressed
in the greater portion of its length, the margins gently expanding to the supra-
coxal dilation and also to the subarcuate caudal margin, all of lateral margins
biseriate denticulate, the denticulations becoming smaller and weaker caudad,
on the caudal section of the supra-coxal dilation the denticulations are moder-
ately recurved; median hne shallowly sulcate on collar and cephalic portion of
shaft, not distinctly marked elsewhere, surface of collar with scattered small
tubercles, which are arranged in series and larger and closer bordering the
median sulcus; transverse sulcus straight transverse, deep; when seen from the
lateral aspect the shaft of the pronotum is slightly sinuate. Tegmina not sur-
passing the apex of the supra-anal plate, broad, elliptical; costal margin strongly
arcuate proximad, then very gently arcuate to the distal section where the
margin is more arcuate to the rounded apex, which is more sutural than costal
in position, sutural margin nearly straight, shortly arcuate proximad and dis-
tad; marginal field very broad, in width constituting more than one-half of
the total tegminal width, venation of the same field forming a coarse network
enclosing roughly five to eight sided areas of variable size; sectors of the dis-
coidal area regularly obhque, the cross nervures numerous and moderately
regular; anal vein distinctly arcuate proximad, thence straight oblique, joining
the sutural margin two-fifths the length of the latter from the base, axillary
veins three in number. Wings reaching almost to the tegminal apices. Abdo-
men strongly depressed; supra-anal plate moderately transverse, the median
section broad sublinguiform, the lateral portions narrow; cerci reaching nearly
to the apex of the subgenital plate, stout, joints very short, apex moderately
acute; subgenital plate compresso-rostrate. Cephahc coxae very slightly
longer than the shaft of the pronotum, distinctly compressed, trigonal in
section, dorsal margin biseriate spinose, the spines directed distad, the larger
ones numbering six, ventral margin with eight large recurved spines, between
which are smaller teeth generally placed one between each spine, external
margin with a numerous series of short recurved teeth, ventro-lateral face with
a few dentiform tubercles, internal face with numerous low tubercles; cephaUc
femora about four-fifths as long as the entire pronotum, moderately slender,
greatest depth of the femora less than a fourth of the greatest length of the
same, dorsal margin nearly straight, ventro-external margin with five spines
of which the proximal one is larger than the subequal median three and the
distal small one, discoidal spines three in number, ventro-internal margin
JAMES A. G. REHN 265
with thirteen spines which are biseriate in position proximad and throughout in
length; cephalic tibiae (exclusive of claw) subequal to one-half the femoral
length, armed on the ventro-external margin with fourteen spines, these
increasing in length distad, ventro-internal margin with fourteen or fifteen
spines increasing in length distad, terminal claw large; cephalic metatarsi
about three-fifths of the tibial length, remaining tarsal joints about two-thirds
of the length of the metatarsus. Median and caudal femora of medium length;
femora with the usual distal lobe on the ventro-caudal margin represented by
only the merest expansion of the margin, genicular spine aciculate; tibiae
subcompressed, the dorsal margin lamellato-carinate on proximal half; caudal
metatarsi eciual to faintly more than a third of the tibial length.
Coloration destroyed by immersion in a liquid preservative. Marginal
field of the tegmina with veins opaque and purplish-pink, their immediately
surrounding section opaque yellow and the greater portion of the area much
darker and translucent. Apparentlj^ when uninjured the coloration of the
veins of this field is red, surrounded by borders of green or yellow.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Length of body,
Greatest width of head,
Length of pronotum.
Greatest (supra-coxal) width of pronotum,
Length of tegmen.
Greatest width of tegmen,
Greatest width of marginal field of tegmen,
Length of cephalic femur,
Length of caudal femur.
In addition to the type we have examined a paratypic female
and an immature female from Independencia. The adult is
fully tj^pical of the species but is smaller than the tjj-pe, as the
measurements given above show, with the tegmina and wings
sHghtly shorter proportionately and the femoral lol)es slightly
more indicated than in the type, but these latter are no more
than one-third as deep as the femora.
Stagmatoptera supplicaria (Burmeister)
1838. M[antis\ supplicaria Burmeister, Handb. der. Entom., ii, abth. ii, pt.
1, fig. 542. [Surinam.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) Two
males.
These specimens are inseparable from two male indivicluals
from Cayenne received from Chopard, except that in both of
the present specimens there is an additional brownish tegminal
maculation proximad of the larger oblique one present in all.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
9
9
(type)
(paratype)
36.5
32.5
7
6.4
14.7
13.3
4.5
3.9
15.5
12.7
7.6
6.9
4
3.3
11.8
10.5
12.3
11.3
266 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Stagmatoptera predicatoria Saussure
1870. Sl[agmatoptera] predicatoria Saussure, Mitth. Schw. Entom. Gesell.,
iii, p. 232. [Brazil.]
Rio Madeira five hundred miles from mouth. (Mann and
Baker.) One male.
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
Igarape de Candelaria, 8° 45' S, 63° 54' W, Rio Madeira.
(E. A. Smith.) One male. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.]
These specimens are quite typical of the species.
Vates multilobata (Chopard)
1910. Zoolea multilobata Chopard, Bull. Soc. Entom. France, 1910, p. 182,
figs. 1 and 2. [St. Jean du Maroni, French Guiana.]
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November 25, 1907. (H. B.
Merrill.) One female.
This species has been placed in the genus Vates by Giglio-
Tos'^ an action with which we fully agree. The very striking
greenish white costal edging of the tegmina and the broad
fuscous barring of the proximal two-fifths of the humeral trunk
of the same, are the most striking color features of the female
sex. The large pale stigma interrupts the fuscous bar of the
humeral trunk.
Phasmidae
pseudophasminae
Paraphasma conspersum Redtenbacher
1906. P[araphasma] conspersum Redtenbacher, Die Insektenfam. Phasmid.,
i, pp. 115 and 117. [Upper Amazonas, Brazil; Para, Brazil.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One male.
While referred to the present species this specimen shows dif-
ferences from the original description, in that it is distinctly
smaller and has the tubercle of the tegmina appreciably produced.
These features are known to be variable in the allied P. marginale
and, as the present individual agrees fully with the other characters
of conspersum, we feel justified in considering it to be this species.
Pseudophasma castaneum (Bates)
1865. Fhasma castaneum Bates, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xxv, p. 348.
[Pard, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
Obidos, State of Amazonas. One female. [A. N. S. P.]
25 BoUett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xxix, no. 684, p. 50, (1914).
JAMES A G. REHN 267
We have gone quite carefully into the relationship of this form
and P. yhthisicum (Linn.) [ = necydaIo{des Linn.] under which
Redtenbacher placed it as a synonym. We have had French
Guiana material of the older species determined by Chopard-®
for comparison, as well as other material of the genus. The
Guianan phthisicum is, as far as we can ascertain, possessed of a
more slender head and thorax, in the male at least, and a much
more tuberculate dorsal surface of the same regions, particularlj-
of the mesonotum. The marginal field of the tegmina is pale
in castaneum, being concolorous with the anal section of the same,
but a shade of greenish yellow, instead of the two being somewhat
differentl}^ colored and the general contrasts less decided as in
phthisicu?7i, while the velvet black section is more extensive in
length and breadth in castaneum. In fhthisicum the antennae
are pale rufescent of variable depth in the individuals we have
seen. Stoll's hioculatum^'^ may prove to be the same as casta-
neum and if so would have priority, but the antennae are figured
as pale and we provisionally place it under -phthisicum.
Prisopus cornutus Gray
1835. P[risopus] cornutus Gray, Syn. Phasm., p. 43. ["India."]
Para, Para. One female. [Cornell University.]
This striking species was never properly recorded for locality
until Redtenbacher referred material from Surinam and Cay-
enne to it. The very characteristic auriform head lobes will
readily distinguish it from the other species of Prisopus.
ACRIDIDAE
ACRYDIINAE
Eomorphopus antennatus (Bolivar)
1887. A[morp}iopus] antennatus Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Entoni. Belg., xxxi, p.
250, pi. 5, figs. 19, 19a and 19b. [Upper Amazonia.]
Abuna, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
This species has also been recorded by us from Venezuela.-^
28 Ann. Soc. Entom. France, Ixxx, p. 339, (1911).
2' Natuur. Afbeeld. Beschr. Spooken, etc., pp. Gl, 77, pi. xx, fig. 76, (1813).
[Surinam.]
28 ProG. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 664, (1904).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
268 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Eotnorphopus granulatus Hancock
1906. E[omorphopus] gra/mlatus Hancock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48>
Tetriginae, p. 38, pi. IV, figs. 35 and 35a. [Dutch Guiana.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) Seven males, one female.
(W. M. Mann.) One male.
These specimens have been compared with a topotype and
found to full agree. In this species we find at least four well
marked chromatomorphs -p one, blackish with obsolete transverse
pale fasciae on the dorsal and lateral faces of the caudal femora;
another, uniform reddish; a third, ashy white; the fourth, gray
brown faintly mottled with darker. The genetic value of these
chromatomorphs will probably be found similar to those isolated
in Paratettix texanus by Nabours.^"
Chiriquia concinna (Bolivar)
1887. M[etrodora] concinna Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg., xxxi, p, 249.
[Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
Bruner^^ has already recorded this species from the same
locality.
Otumba lobata Hancock
1906. 0[tumba] lobata Hancock, Genera Insectorum, fasc. 48, Tetriginae, p.
45. [Demerara,32 British Guiana.]
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) Two males,
one female.
These specimens fully agree with the description and Guianan
material of the species. The tegmina are flavo-maculate in all
the individuals.
28 It is necessary to have some term to designate color form without at the
same time using a word as indefinite as "variety," as definite in geographic
meaning as "race," as negative a meaning in this connection as the unquahfied
word "form" or as teratological a meaning as "aberration." We prefer a
word like chromatomorph, which expresses an idea, but at the same time
does not attempt to give the origin of the concept so named. The use of the
term is largely provisional, as many apparent color "forms" will in the future
be shown to be Mendehan, while others as certainly will prove to be of en-
vironmental or physiological derivation. The word used merely enables one
to speak of effect, while the experimental biologist is working on the cause.
30 Journ. of Genetics, iii, pp. 141 to 170, (1914).
31 Ann. Carncg. Mus., vii, p. 99, (1910).
32 Vide Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., vii, p. Ill, (1910).
JAMES A. G. REHN 269
Otumba spinifrons (St&l)
1860. Telrix spinifrons St8,l, Kongl. Svenska Fregatt. Eugenics Resa, Zool.,
i, p. 346. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
This specimen is referred to the present species with some
shght misgivings, as the cephaUc femora show httle indication
of the "undate" margins originally described, and the caudal fem-
ora are hardly "subundate" dorsad. These features, however,
show some individual variation in other forms of the group and
without additional material it seems best to so consider them here.
With all the other characters given for this species the present
individual agrees very satisfactorily.
Bruner has recorded the species from Santarem on the lower
Amazon.
Allotettix peruvianus (Bolivar)
1887. P[araleHix] peruvianus Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg., xxxi, p. 272.
[Pumamarca, Peru.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) Twelve males, seven females.
(W. M. Mann.) One female.
Micronotus dubius Hancock
1908. M[icronotus] dubius Hancock, Trans. Entom. Soc. London, 1908, p.
423. ["'Equatorial America."]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) Three males.
These specimens fully agree with the brief original description
of the species.
Tettigidea pulchella Rehn
1904. reltigidea pulchella Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1904, p. 669.
[Bartica, British Guiana.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female.
The female individual is slightly larger than the type and has
the wings surpassing the extremities of the caudal femora by
more than the tegminal length, while in the type the wings do not
surpass the femoral apices. The male has the wings projecting
caudad of the pronotum a distance equal to the depth of the ej^e.
This sex also has the face, genae, ventral portion of the lateral
lobes and pleura and ventral and distal portions of the abdomen
pale ochraceous. The Pard specimens show no other noteworthy
differences from the female type.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
270 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Scaria hamata (DeGeer)
1773. Acrydium hamaium DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 503, pi. 42, fig. 13.
[Surinam.]
Peixe Boi, east of Pard, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) One female.
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mami and Baker.) One female.
The Manaos specimen fully agrees with Trinidad material of
the species, and although the tones of the coloration have been
affected by spirit immersion the pattern is clearly evident. The
Peixe Boi female shows some features of difference from the
other specimens, but provisionally at least we prefer to refer the
specimen to hamata.
Scaria lineata Bolivar
1887. S[caria] lineata Bolivar, Ann. Soc. Entom. Belg., xxxi, p. 302. [Upper
Amazon.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
This specimen does not show the median pale line on the pro-
notum originally described, but the median carina is beaded with
pale. As the Para individual fully agrees with the original
description in all the other characters, we feel that the intensity
or continuity of this line may be an individual feature.
Paurotarsus amazonus Hancock
1900. Paurotarsus ajiiazonus Hancock, Psyche, ix, p. 42, figs, la to le. [Man-
aos, Brazil.]
Para, Pard. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
These specimens are perfectly typical of this very interesting
species, which Bruner has also recorded from Para and Santarem.
From this and other material it is evident that the species is
dimorphic in wing and pronotal length, the male of the present
lot being of the caudate type, the female of the abbreviate form,
while other females known to us are of the caudate type. As the
dimensions of the female sex were previously unknown, the
measurements of both individuals are given.
cf Manaos 9 Para
Length of body, 11.5 mm. 14 . 3 mm.
Length of pronotum, 13.5 " 14.3
Length from fastigium to apex of wings, 15.8 " 15.2
Length of caudal femur, 6.8 " 9
JAMES A. G. REHN
271
Paurotarsus insolitus new species (Plate XV, figs. 36, 37 and 38.)
Allied to P. amazonus Hancock, but differing in the more pro-
tuberant frontal costa, in the more angulate cephalic margin of
the pronotal disk, in the decided interhumeral depression of the
median carina, in the distinctly beaded character of all the
carinae on the dorsum of the pronotum, in the more elongate and
more slender caudal femora and in the relatively much shorter
caudal metatarsus, which latter is not a third longer than the
distal tarsal joint instead of at least twice as long as the same.
The disparity in length of the two joints is not wholly due to a
reduction in size of the metatarsus, but instead is caused as much
by the increase in size of the distal joint, which is actually much
larger and more robust than in amazonus. No close relationship
exists to P. rugosus Bruner, from Trinidad, with which insolitus
has been compared.
Type. — 9 ; Madeira-Mamore Railroad Camp 43, Rio Madeira,
Brazil. (Mann and Baker.) [Acad. Nat. 8ci. Phila., type no.
5277.]
Size very similar to that of P. amazonus; form similar. Head with the occi-
put rounded and arcuateh^ passing into the distinctly arcuate-protuberant
frontal costa, which is sinuate impressed at the median ocellus when seen from
the side; frontal costa when viewed from the cephalic aspect with the diverging
rami thick and the intervening sulcus relatively narrow, much as in P. amazonus:
eyes moderately protuberant, semiglobose, in depth but little more than half
that of the infra-ocular portion of the genae : antennae very slender, in length
when extended caudad slightly surpassing the humeral angle of the pronotum.
Pronotum caudate, surpassing the apices of the caudal femora by more than
the greatest ventral width across the pronotal lobes, in general form similar to
that of amazonus with the following exceptions: cephalic margin decidedly
obtuse-angulate instead of subtruncate-angulate; sculpture rougher with more
pronounced impressions and more elevated asperities; all carinae distinctly and
rather coarsely beaded instead of subglabrous and faintly beaded as in ama-
zonus; median carina of the pronotum faintty lower at the highest point than
in amazonus and distinctly depressed and subobsolete in the inter-humeral
region. Tegmina slightly narrower than in amazonus. Wings not quite
reaching the distal extremity of the pronotum. Ovipositor slightly more
slender and with blunter teeth than in amazonus. Cephalic and median limbs
have the distal tarsal joint relatively longer than in amazonus. Caudal femora
more elongate and more slender than in amazonus, the greatest width contained
three times in the length instead of two and two-thirds times as in amazonus;
dorsal and ventral femoral margins straighter: caudal tibiae more elongate:
caudal metatarsi but slightly surpassing in length that of the second and third
tarsal joints combined, the depth in consequence relatively greater and the
pulvilli individually shorter.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
272 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
General color dull cream-buff, overlaid with points, blotches and clouds of
blackish brown, the carina being more or less regularly beaded with this
darker color, while the dorsum of the pronotum shows dark lateral patches
cephalad of the humeral angles and the femora and tibiae are much suffused
with the same shade.
Length of body, 16.4 mm.; length of pronotum, 20.2; greatest width of dor-
sum of pronotum across the humeral angles, 4.2; length from fastigium to apex
of pronotum, 21.2; length of tegmen, 3.4; length of caudal femur, 10.
The type is unique.
EUMASTACINAE
Eumastax semicaeca (Brunner)
1897. Mastax semicaecus Brunner, Observ. Color. Insects, pi. 15, pi. IX, figs.
118a, 118b. [Upper Amazon.]
Para, Para. (W. M. Mann.) One female.
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) One immature male.
Abuna, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
Although these specimens have lost their natural color tones
by immersion in a spirit preservative, the adults show very
plainly the peculiar bicolored condition of the eyes characteristic
of this species. The present records are the only definite ones
known for the species, which is seen to range over a large portion
of the Amazon valley.
PROSCOPINAE
Tetanorhynchus humilis GigUo-Tos
1897. T[elanorhynchus] humilis Giglio-Tos, BoUett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp-
Univ. Torino, xii, no. 302, p. 18. [San Lorenzo, Argentina; Caiza and
San Francisco, Bolivian Chaco.]
Baturite Mountains, State of Ceara. (W. M. Mann.)
Two females.
Baixa Verde, State of Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.)
Five males, one female.
It was with considerable surprise that we recognized this species
in the material from the extreme eastern portion of Brazil. We
have before us a male and a female cotype received in exchange
from Dr. Borelli and the present specimens show no differences
when they are compared. In both sexes we find some variation,
as usual in the group, in the relative length of the entire head and
the rostrum, while in the number of spines on the caudal tibial
margins there is much variation. The spine formulae of the dor-
sal margins of the caudal tibiae of the specimens before us are as
follows :
JAMES A. G. REHN
273
Caiza, Bolivia (Cotyi^e). Misiones, Argentina. Baixa Verde, Brazil.
external internal
external internal
external
internal
10-11 8-9
17-18 18-19
11
11
19
18
22
20
17
15
19
21
18
19
0
Caiza, Bolivia (Cotype).
Baixa Verde, Brazil.
Baturite Mts.,
, Brazil.
external internal
external internal
external
internal
16 13
16 15
12
14
13
13
Giglio-Tos gave the spiiiiilation of the two margins as eleven
to fifteen, but it is evident that in the material before him the
minimum was as low as eight and the maximum as high as sixteen.
With an intra-specific range in the number of spines on one
margin of from eight to twenty-one in the same sex, and from
eleven to twenty-one in individuals from the same locality, it is
evident that the number of spines is an extremely unreliable
specific criterion in this group.
In his recent key to the species of this genus, Bruner^^ has mis-
interpreted this species, as he has placed it in a section of the
genus having the apex of the rostrum blunt, when as a matter of
fact it is chstinctly acuminate. The male of this species can be
immediately separated from the closely allied T. bihastatus Rehn,
from Corumba, Brazil, by the much shorter and less acuminate
subgenital plate.
Stiphra tuberculata Brunner
1890. Stiphra tuberculata Brunner, Verhandl. K.-K. Zool.-bot. Gcsell. Wien.
xl, p. 108. [Theresopolis, State of Santa Catharina, Brazil.]
Baturite Mountains, State of Ceara. (W. M. ^Nlann.)
One male, two immature females.
Ceara Mirim, State of Rio Grande do Norte. (W. 'SI. ^lann.)
One female, one immature female.
Independencia, State of Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.)
Two males, one female.
33 Ann. Carneg. Mus., viii, p. 435, (1913).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
274 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
As far as can be told from Brunner's description these speci-
mens represent the species named tuberculata by him, differing
as they do only in the apparently less rugose meso- and metano-
tum. This difference is one of uncertain value, as its importance
depends on the exact degree of interpretation of Brunner's,
"Meso- et metanotum punctis impressis, profundis scabra."
Our female specimens are all more or less distinctly but hardly
decidedly scabrose on those areas. We are inclined to believe
this feature is individual or environmental to a considerable
degree. The exact number of spines on the dorsal margins of the
caudal tibiae is of relatively little systematic value in this group,
as we have shown above under Tetanorhynchiis humilis. In the
specimens before us the number of spines on the external margin
ranges from nine to twelve and on the internal margin from ten
to thirteen. Brunner gives eleven to thirteen external and
fourteen to fifteen internal spines.
We have concluded that of the females before us but one, that
from Independencia, is fully adult and that from Ceara Mirim
and one from the Baturite Mountains are what Bruner calls
"subimagoes,"^'* while the other Baturite Mountains females are
distinctly young. Our reason for so considering them, aside
from mere size, is that the first mentioned specimen has the
rostrum greatly developed and slightly longer than the dorsal
postocular portion of the head, faintly clavate and much blunted
at the extremity, with the form in section tetragonal. Those
considered "subimagoes" are similar to the material described
by Brunner, and have the rostrum not at more or but little
more than twice the length of the eye. Those considered
young have the rostrum quite abbreviate and similar in relative
length to that of the adult male but always blunter and broader
distad. The young male has the rostrum of similar general form
to that of the adult male but much shorter with a less decidedly
acute apex.
The measurements of the adult female are: length of body (apex
of rostrum to apices of the ovipositor jaws), 124 mm.; length of
head, 23; length of rostrum, 10.7; length of pronotum, 20.4;
length of meso- and metanotum and median segment, 16.7;
length of cephalic femur, 12.4; length of caudal femur, 33.2;
length of caudal tibia, 36.
'^ Ann. Carneg. Miis., viii, pp. 4.31, 439, (1913).
JAMES A. G. REHN 275
A feature found in all the specimens, but less marked in the
adult female than in the others, is the presence of a blackish
annular section proximad on the cephalic and median femora.
ACRiDiNAE (Truxalinae of authors)
Truxalis brevicornis (Johannson)
1764. Gryllus brevicornis Johannson, Amoen, Acad., vi, p. 398. [Pennsyl-
vania.^5]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
This specimen is in the green phase.
Paratruxalis filatus (Walker) {Orphula pagana of authors, but not of StS.1.)
1870. Chrysochraon filatus Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., iv., p-
785. [Santarem, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, two females.
These specimens agree with Walker's description and are in-
separable from Argentine and Paraguayan specimens. They
do not approach P. f. minor (Giglio-Tos) of the more elevated
regions of central-southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina.
The typical form is now known to range from Resistencia, Chaco
and Misiones, Argentina northward over the central riverine
areas to the Amazon valley, being absent, as far as known, from
the eastern more elevated and coastal regions.
By an unfortunate misidentification, which has been uni-
versally followed, Giglio-Tos considered a member of the group
Hyalopteryges to represent Stal's Gomphocerus paganus,^^
described from Rio de Janeiro. The genus Orphula was erected
by Stal subsequent to his specific description, to contain paganus
and another species, to the former of which Giglio-Tos, in the
paper here referred to, restricts it by his comment, "Species
typica: 0. pagana Staol." As a matter of fact Giglio-Tos was
completely in error in his association of material, but his mistake
is quite pardonable, as until the present time, as far as our knowl-
edge goes, no topotypes of Stal's species have been examined.
We have recently had an opportunity to study such material,
which we will report upon elsewhere, and we can say with au-
thority what Stal's species really is, our scries fully agreeing with
his rather rambling description. We also have before us a suffi-
ssproc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913. p. 313, (1913).
3« Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, ix, no. 184, p. 9, (1894).
TR.4.NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
276 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
ciently large series of the ^'Orphula pagana'^ of authors to make a
proper disposition of that form.
From Stal's description we should pick out as important essen-
tials the following: "Prothorax basi obtuse angulatus . . .
carinis lateralibus ante impressionem posticam parallelis, pone
eandem retrorsum distincte divergentibus. . . . Tegmina
apicem versus levissime angustata, apice truncata . . .
femorum posticorum apices attingentia (cf) vel vix attingentia
(9). Tibiis posticis apicem versus interdum infuscatis. . . ."
These features are those of important difference in the two species
and genera, as they belong to distinct genera. The Rio de
Janeiro specimens, now before us, fully agree with these characters,
while the ''Orphula pagana" of authors differs in the caudal
margin of the pronotal disk being subrotundate; in the lateral
carinae of the pronotum being as a whole very faintly divergent,
or broken mesad and then parallel cephalad and very faintly
divergent caudad; in the tegmina not being narrowed distad and
in both sexes the length of the same being so great they surpass
the extremities of the caudal femora, and in the caudal tibiae
never being as strongly infuscate as in true pagana.
For this genus and species, so long misidentified by authors, it
is necessary we should find names. From our available material
we are able to determine that Walker's Chrysochraon filatus,^''
described from Santarem, Brazil, is the same as "Orphula pagana^'
of authors. Giglio-Tos's minor, as we have already shown, ^*
is a geographic race of ^'pagaria," or as it should be known,
filatus. As a new generic name is required, in the absence of
any available one, we propose the name Paratruxalis, with
Chrysochraon filatus Walker as the type. The forms would stand
as follows :
Paratruxalis Rehn
Orphula Giglio-Tos and most authors, not of Stal
Paratruxalis filatus (Walker)
Orphula pagana Giglio-Tos and most authors, not of
Stal
Paratruxalis filatus minor (Giglio-Tos)
Metaleptea minor Giglio-Tos
Orphula pagana minor Rehn
" Catal. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., v, p. 785, (1870).
3» Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906, p. 17, (1906); Ibid., 1913, p. 314, (1913).
i
JAMES A. G. REHN ///
Orphulella punctata (DeGeer)
1773. Acrydium pundaliim DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 503, pi. 42, fig.
12. [Surinam.]
Maranguape Mountains, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One
female.
Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. ]\I. Mann.) One
female.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Six males,
two females.
This series exhibits a number of the phases and variations of
this plastic and widespread species.
Orphulella boucardi (Bruner)
1904. Linoceratium boucardi Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., ii, p. 84-
[Rio Sarstoon, British Honduras; Panama; San Diego, Department of Mag-
dalena, Colombia.]
1906. Orphullela [sic] chipmani Bruner, Journ. N. Y. Entom. Soc, xiv, p.
149. [Interior of island of Trinidad.]
1911. Ldnoceratium auslralc Bruner, Ann. Carneg. ]\Ius., viii, p. 20. [Co-
rumbd, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) Five males, three females.
Igarape-Assu, Para. Feb. 1, 1912 (one specimen only).
(H. S. Parish.) Six males, two females. [A. N. S. P.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One
female.
At the present moment we have before us the selected type (cf )
of Linoceratium boucardi from Panama, now belonging to the
Hebard Collection, quite a full series of topotypic Orphulella
chipmani and a topotypic male of Linoceratium australe. It is
clearly evident that all three names belong to the same species,
and it is equally certain that Linoceratium is not a valid genus.
Our series fully agrees with the description of chiymani, is insep-
arable from the type of boucardi and the Corumba male fully
agrees with the description of australe, but nevertheless is not
separable from the others. The characters given for the genus
Linoceratium are not of generic worth, as there is sufficient varia-
tion in a series of any size to discount the value of the subobsolete
character and arcuate, straight or faintly converging form of the
prozonal lateral carinae. The infuscation of the caudal genicular
lobes is purely individual, depending on the depth of the general
pattern. To us the species appears to be a well marked form of
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
278 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
the genus Orphulella, but not generically separable from 0.
punctata, the type of the older genus. ^^
When compared with the well known and more common punc-
tata the present widely distributed form is distinguishable by the
rounded caudal margin of the pronotal disk, by the more uni-
formly subparallel prozonal sections of the lateral carinae of the
pronotal disk, the much narrower and more acute festigium, the
more deeply sinuate ventral margin of the lateral lobes and the
narrower tegmina. A minoT but apparently constant color
difference is the absence in houcardi of black punctations on the
ventro-lateral carina of the caudal femora, a feature which ap-
pears to be invariably indicated in punctata.
All the Igarape-Assu males show no green, one of the females
from the same place being in the full green and the other in the
half green phase. Of the Para males one is brown, four are in or
approaching the half green phase; of the females one is full green,
the other two full brown. The Porto Velho female is brown with
the tegmina as thickly, though finely, sprinkled as in some indi-
viduals of punctata.
The Porto Velho female has the fastigium narrower than in the
others of the same sex from Brazil, but in this respect it is equalled
in material from British Guiana.
The range of houcardi is now known to extend from British
Honduras, Colombia, Trinidad and British Guiana, south to
Corumba, Matto Grosso, Brazil (one male now before us), east
to the eastern part of the State of Para and west at least as far as
the upper Madeira region.
In 1906, we mentioned'*'' two specimens from Gualaquiza and
Valle de Zamora, Ecuador, previously reported by Giglio-Tos
as 0. olivacea,'^^ being in our hands. We then referred them pro-
visionally to 0. punctata, but now are able to say they represent
a form very closely related to, if distinct from, houcardi. They
agree with houcardi in its important features, but have a more
robust form, the female particularly showing this feature. Until
more material in more satisfactory condition is available, we do
2^ It is quite possible that Walker's Stenohothrus concinnulus (Catal. Dcrmap.
Salt. Brit. Mus., iv, p. 759, (1870)), described from Pard, is the same as bou-
cardi.
40 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1906., p. 27.
« Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, xiii, no. 311, p. 39, (1898).
JAMES A. G. REHN 279
not feel warranted in making any more definite deductions, as
variation may cover the apparent differences. This Upper Ama-
zon type is clearly Sciidder's Zonocerus ? hilineatus, described
from the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes. "*- Bruner has
renamed this form peruna,*^ as hiliyieatus is preoccupied in the
genus. In the original description Scudder rather curiously
transposed the measurements of the antennae and the caudal
tibiae.
Compsacris pulcher Bolivar
1890. Compsacris pulcher Bolivar, Anales Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., xix, p.
315. [Villa Bella, Peru.«]
1911. Siaurorhectus intermedius Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., viii, p. 31.
[Para, Santarem and Chapadd, Brazil.]
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) Two females.
These specimens are inseparable from a female from eastern
Peru, all of which fully agree with the original description of this
striking insect. Our specimens, however, have the tegmina and
caudal femora slightly longer than the original measurements of
the same sex.
This genus combines features of the Orphulellae and the group
of genera represented by Staurorhedus and Amblytropidia, show-
ing particular affinity to Staurorhectus. The general form of the
female sex and to a lesser degree that of the fastigium, the frontal
costa and of the lateral lobes of the pronotum of both sexes sug-
gests the Orphulellae, while the general proportions of the prono-
tal disk and the form of the limbs are much as in Staurorhectus,
the ovipositor jaws being similar to those of Staurorhectus glau-
cipes. The genus Compsacris also includes Staurorhectus brevi-
pennis Rehn,^-^ from Corumba, Brazil, the female of which we
have not seen, but which appears to differ, on the basis of oppo-
site sexes, in the more rounded fastigium, when seen from the
side, and in the absence of pale antennal tips.
When compared with Staurorhectus longicornis, the genotype
of Staurorhectus, the female sex of Compsacris differs in the much
«Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, p. 268, (1874).
" Ann. Carneg. Mus., viii, p. 16, (1911).
''■'Villa Bella, Bolivia at the junction of the Beni and Mamor6 Rivers ia
probably the locality.
« Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxx, p. 377, (1906).
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
5
280 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
narrower, acute fastigium, the more retreating face with more
compressed frontal costa, the proportionately more abbreviate
pronotal metazona, the complete structural absence of prozonal
lateral carinae and in the distant instead of attingent or subattin-
gent metasternal lobes. Bruner's intermedins, at least as far as
the female sex is concerned, is clearly this species. The male sex
of Staurorhedus glaucipes closely resembles Cornpsacris, with no
trace of the lateral carinae, however, but the female sex, while
agreeing in the distant metasternal lobes, the form of the ovi-
positor jaws and that of the caudal genicular lobes, differs in the
form of the fastigium, the general type of the pronotum, which is
without any traces of lateral carinae, the general form of the teg-
mina and the more slender type of caudal femora. For the pres-
ent at least it seems advisable to permit glaucipes to remain in the
genus Staurorhedus, which, however, is closely related to Comp-
sacris through the medium of that species.
The two Manaos females agree in having the lateral pronotal
carinae structurally obsolete on the elongate prozona, but in
coloration one has these marked briefly cephalad by diverging
pale lines, which are completely lost in the other specimen.
The species is known to range over the Amazonian region
from eastern Peru and Bolivia (Villa Bella and Santa Cruz de la
Sierra) to Para and south to Chapada, Brazil.
Peruvia nigromarginata (Scudder)
1875. Machaerocera nigromarginata Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist.,
xvii, p. 268. [Eastern slopes of the Peruvian Andes.]
1890. P[cruvia\ nigromarginata Scudder, Psyche, v, p. 439. (December,
1890.)
1891. Toxopterus miniatus Bohvar, Anal. Soc. Espaii. Hist. Nat., xix, p.
314. (February 28, 1891. «) [Cumbase, Peru.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One male.
We regret very much having to substitute generic and specific
names relatively little known for the rather familiar ones of
Toxopterus and T. miniatus, but this course is unavoidable.
We have before us, from the collection of the Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, the unique female type of Machaerocera ni-
gromarginata Scudder, for which the same author later erected
the genus Peruvia. This specimen is identical with Bolivar's
later genus and species. The specific name nigromarginata has
^5 For exact date see sheet at end of volume.
JAMES A. G. REHX 281
fifteen years priority and the generic name antedates Toxopterus
by at least two months. Scudder, when erecting the genus,
erroneously associated it with Acrolophitus, a proceeding he later''^
concluded was unwarranted, there quite correctly placing Peruvia
near Toxopterus, from which he separated it by several characters.
The latter for Toxoptems, however, were apparently gleaned from
Bolivar's description and not from material, as the type of ni-
gromarginata is identical with the rather extensive available series
from over the extended range of the species. The type has been
dried from alcohol, has in consequence the orange red wing disk
turned to yellow and is now lacking the antennae and all the
limbs.
The Porto Velho specimen is larger than individuals of the same
sex from south-central Brazil (Chapada), Paraguay and northern
Argentina (Misiones). Additional material and further study
will probably make necessary racial separation of the southern
form.
Scyllina pratensis (Bruner)
1904. [Pledrotettix] pratensis Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., ii, p. 100.
[Pernambuco, Brazil.]
Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
male.
This species is only known from the two localities.
OEDIPODIXAE
Paulinia acuminata (DeGeer)
1773. Acnjdium acuminatum DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. .501, pi. 42,
fig. 10. [Surinam.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One male.
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) Six males, six-
teen females.
The Manaos series shows an appreciable amount of variation
in the fastigial width in both sexes, more pronounced, however,
in the female. The chromatomorphs are very strikingly dif-
ferent and appear to us to be genetic combinations, probably
much like those illustrated by Nabours in his paper on heredity
in Paratettix. The male sex shows much greater uniformity in
coloration than the female, but this may be due to the smaller
" Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xxvii, p. 207, (1896).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
282 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
size of the male series. We have been permitted to examine the
unique female type of Coelopterna stalii Scudder, from the Peru-
vian Maranon, and find it to be identical with DeGeer's species.
This position has been assigned by some workers, but no one has
done so previously from a type examination.
The species is wide spread in tropical America, and is generally
referred to in the literature as Coelopterna acuminata, but the
generic name Paulinia has priority.
OMMEXECHINAE
Ommexecha giglio-tosi Bolivar
1899. 0[mmexecha] giglio-tosi Bolivar, Revista Chilena Hist. Nat., iii, p.
54, 55. [Caiza, Aguarenda and San Francisco, Bolivian Chaco.]
Peixe Boi, east of Pard,, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) Two males.
These specimens are not specifically separable from individuals
of this species previously recorded by us from northern Argen-
tina.
PYRGOMORPHINAE
Algete brunneri Bolivar
1905. Algete hrunneri Bolivar, Boletin R. Soc. Espan. Hist. Nat., v, p. 214,
[Pernatnbuco, Brazil.]
Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (W. M. Mann.)
One female.
Ceara Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. (W. M. Mann.)
One female.
These specimens are perfectly typical of this pecuHar genus
and species, which is known only from extreme eastern Brazil.
Omura congrua Walker
1870. Omura congrua Walker, Catal. Derm. Salt. Brit. Mus., iii, p. 504.
[Pard, Brazil; Amazon Region; Archidona, Ecuador.]
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
Peixe, Boi, east of Pard,, Pard. November to December.
(H. B. Merrill.) One female, two immature females.
The variety hrunneri, described by Bruner^^ from Demerara,
is clearly no more than an individual variation. The general
size and antennal size differences given as diagnostic are of no
^8 Ann. Carneg. Mus., viii, p. 42, (1911).
JAMES A. G. REHN 283
taxonomic value, as extremes of these conditions and interme-
diates are in a series of fifteen males and four females from Bar-
tica, British Guiana, now before us. We are unable to find in
our series any appreciable difference in the surface of the body,
which is said to be smoother in hrunneri. The immature females
are in different instars.
LOCUSTINAE
Prionolopha serrata (Linnaeus)
1758. [Gryllus {Bulla)] serratus Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., X cd., p. 427. ["Indiis."]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
Diedronotus angulatus (St^l)
1873. T[ropinotus] angulatus St^l, Ofv. Kong. Vet.-Akad. Forh., 1873, no-
4, p. 52. [Bahia, Brazil.]
Cear^, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One male.
Baturite Mountains, Ceard. (W. M. ]Mann.) One male,
one female.
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One male.
Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (AV. M. Mann.) Two
males, three females, one juv. male.
Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
female, one juv. female.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Three
males, four females.
These specimens have all been immersed in alcohol and in
consequence have lost much of their original coloration. Cer-
tain individuals — all of the Independencia males, one of the
Ceard-Mirim males and the males from Ceara and Baturite
Mountains, and one Ceara-Mirim and one Independencia female
— have a strongly contrasted pattern sprinkled with umber points,
more or less thickly according to the incUvidual. The broad
infuscate bars along the lateral portions of the pronotal disk are
indicated in several of the pale females, as is frequently the case
in D. discoideus.
Brunner's D. mexicanus is closely related to angulatus, more
so than to D. discoideus. The present records, with that of the
typical material and one from Bonito, Pernambuco, Brazil, are
the most eastern for the species, which ranges southward to Para-
guay and northern Argentina and westward to Peru.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
284 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Chromacris stolli Pictet and Saussure
1887. R[homalea] stolli Pictet and Saussure, Mitth. Schweiz. Entom. Gesell.
vii, p. 351. [Bahia, Brazil.]
Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
female.
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
Titanacris albipes (DeGeer)
1773. Acrydium albipes DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 487, pi. 40, fig. 7.
[Surinam.]
Igarape de Candelaria, 8° 45' S, 63° 54' W, Rio Madeira.
(E. A. Smith.) One female. [A. N. S. P.]
This specimen, which is in perfect condition except for the
antennae and one tarsal joint, has the original coloration com-
pletely preserved. The colored spur of the wing is not greenish
as is the apex, but instead is dull dusky violet (Ridgway), well
contrasted with the remaining areas of the wing.
The previous definite records are from Surinam and Para, Rio
de Janeiro and Lago Alexo, Brazil.
Tropidacris latreillei (Perty)
1830. Acrydium latreillei Perty, in Spix and Martius, Delect. Anim. Art., p.
123, pi. XXIV, fig. 4. [Amazon River.]
Igarape de Candelaria, 8° 45' S, 63° 54' W, Rio Madeira.
(E. A. Smith.) One female. [A. N. S. P.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (H. N. Benton.) One female.
The remarks previously made by us regarding the relation-
ship of T. dux and latreillei*^ hold true regarding this material.
Tropidacris coUaris (Stoll)
1813. Gryllus {Locusta) collaris Stoll, Natuurl. Afb. Beschyr. Spooken. etc.,
Trek-Springhaanen, pp. 39, register 13, pi. xxiB, fig 80. [No locality.]
Ceara-Mirim, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) Three
males.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One male.
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
Manaos, Amazonas. (Mann and Heath.) One female.
1905. (Bicego.) Two males. [Submitted by Dr. H.
von Ihering.]
This species generally figures in the literature as T. cristata.
All of the above specimens except the Para and the two Manaos
^»Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, pp. 88 to 89, (1913).
JAMES A. G. REHN 285
males have been immersed in a liquid preservative, and in con-
sequence their coloration is practically gone.
The species has been recorded from a number of Brazilian
localities.
Leptysma filiformis (Serville)
1839. Opsomala fdiformis Serville, Hist. Nat. Ins., Orth., p. 593. [The North
of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.]
Ceara, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One male.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Three
males, one female.
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female.
The Ceara and Independencia specimens show some features
of difference from the Para and other determined individuals,
particularly in the male sex, but there is so much individual vari-
ation in this genus in certain features, as the form of the fastig-
ium, we wish to defer any detailed comment until larger series
than those now in hand are available. The identification should
be considered provisional.
Stenacris cylindrodes (Stal)
1860. Opsomala cylindrodes St&I, Kong. Svenska Freg. Eugenies Resa, Ins.,
p. 325. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male.
Oxyblepta xanthochlora (Marschall)
1835. Gnjllus xanthochlorus Marschall, Ann. Wiener Mus., i, p. 215, pi. XM^II,
fig. 7. [Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) Two females.
These specimens are only provisionally referred to this species,
as the northern South American forms of this genus are very
poorly understood.
Cornops longicorne (Bruner)
1911. Paracornops longicorne Bruner, Ann. Carneg. Mus., viii, p. 82. [Pard,
Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) Two males, one female.
We have been fortunate enough to have for comparison, in
connection with this species, two very interesting specimens;
one, the type of Scudder's Cornops hivittatum, and the other a
topotype (Surinam) of DeGeer's longipenne; belonging to species
both of which have perplexed students for some time. Unfor-
tunately the decisions most favored in the past have been errone-
TRANS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XI.II.
286 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
ous in both cases. The type of Scudder's genus Cornops is hivit-
tatum, based on a unique female from the eastern slope of the
Peruvian Andes. This specimen has been dried from alcohol
and in consequence all of the coloration except the striking black
pattern is missing, but the structural features are completely
preserved. A most casual examination shows that the species
does not belong to the genus Cornops as restricted by Giglio-
Tos/" but instead it is fully typical of Paracornops there de-
scribed by him. In consequence Paracornops falls as a synonym
of Cornops. At the present writing I am not acquainted with
the insect called Cornops by Giglio-Tos.
The Para specimens are fully typical of longicorne, which is a
close relative of longipenne (DeGeer), described from Surinam.
Bruner has erroneously determined as longipenne a species from
Sao Paulo, Brazil, ^^ material of both sexes of which, as well as a
topotypic (Paramaribo, Surinam; K. Mayo) female of longi-
penne, is now before us. We have elsewhere named the species
erroneously determined by Bruner, while a comparison of the
female of longipenne and the same sex of longicorne show the
following important differences: fastigium in longipenne broader
than long and transverse, instead of subtrigonal and hardly
broader than long as in longicorne, margins of the same thickened
and incrassate in longipenne, sharper and more narrow in longi-
corne; fastigio-facial angle of longipenne more rounded than in
longicorne; facial line not as straight in longipenne as in longi-
corne, faintly arcuate; frontal costa distinctly broader in longi-
penne, distinctly constricted at the ocellus instead of non-con-
stricted as in longicorne, hardly sulcate dorsad of ocellus instead
of distinctly so as in longicorne; lateral ocelli larger and more
circular in longipenne, smaller and elliptical in longicorne. Teg-
mina of longipenne with apex more regularly rounded and less
acuminate than in longicorne. Prosternal spine of longipenne
blunt, subcylindrical, slightly transverse; of longicorne sharply
acuminate, rising from a transverse' pyramidical structure. Dor-
sal ovipositor jaws of longipenne with about eleven rather fine
marginal teeth and fine discal teeth; of longicorne with four to
five large and other small marginal teeth and coarse discal teeth.
Cerci of longipenne thick, short, tapering, blunt; of longicorne
" Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comp. Torino, ix, no. 184, p. 31, (1894).
" Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxx, p. 662, (1906).
JAMES A. G. REHN 287
more slender, hardly tapering. Genicular lobes of caudal femora
of longipenne sharply acuminate, lanceolate produced; of longi-
corne but moderately acute-angulate, not sharply produced.
Caudal tibiae of longipenne strongly expanded distad, markedly
lamellate and with the marginal fringe well developed; of longi-
corne much less expanded distad, but little lamellate and marginal
fringe very weak. Caudal tarsi of longipenne much elongate; of
longicorne shorter, both actually and proportionately. The col-
oration is of the same general type in both species.
When the type of Cornops hivitiatum Scudder is compared with
the female of longicorne the two are seen to be very closely allied,
in fact much more closely than longicorne and longipenne. The
antennae of hivitiatum are somewhat longer than in longicorne,
the interspaces between the sternal lobes are broader, the ovi-
positor jaws are proportionately shorter and broader and the
caudal tibiae are slightlj^ more expanded and sublamellate distad,
although much less so than in longipenne. The coloration of
hivitiatum was, apparently, the same as that of longicorne, before
it was damaged by licjuid preservative.
Copiocera prasina new species (Plate XV, figs. 39 and 40.)
A striking new species of this interesting genus, differing from
all the other forms in the abdomen having no decided yellow,
red or orange lateral patches, in the caudal femora lacking the
distinctive dorsal yellow area found in the other species and in
the annulate cephalic femora and tibiae. It is nearer to laeta
Gerstaecker than any other species, but it also differs from that
in the slightly broader bocty, the broader eye, the practically
non-sulcate frontal costa, the narrower tegmina and in the less
infuscate periphery of the wings.
Type. — 9 ; Para, State of Para, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.) [Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5285.]
Size rather large: form as usual in the genus, less robust than in C. auslera,
not as slender as in laeta, very similar to C. erythrogastra; surface of face, lower
genae, pronotum and pleura finely cribroso-punctate. Head with the exposed
dorsal surface four-fifths as long as that of the pronotum : occiput very faintly
arcuate, not elevated dorsad of the pronotum, slightly declivent on the vertex,
the interocular width slightly exceeding the greatest width of the frontal costa;
fastigium slightly depressed below the level of the occiput, in form moderately
acute with the immediate apex blunted, a delicate medio-longitudinal sulcus
present: fastigio-facial angle, when seen from the lateral aspect, rounded
obtuse-angulate, face regularly and considerably retreating; frontal costa
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
288 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
subequal in width, strongly constricted dorsad at its junction with the fastig-
ium, shghtly expanded around the oceUus, subobsolete ventrad on the face,
irregularly biseriate punctate dorsad, roughly excavato-sulcate for a short
distance dorsad and a great distance ventrad of the ocellus; lateral facial
carinae well elevated, strongly diverging ventrad, sinuate: eyes moderately
prominent, ovoid in basal outline, slightly flattened cephalad, in length about
one-half again as long as the infra-ocular portion of the genae: antennae elon-
gate, two and one-half times as long as the dorsal length of the pronotura,
slightly depressed proximad, apex weakly acuminate. Pronotum subcylin-
drical, the greatest caudal width of the dorsum contained one and two-thirds
times in the dorsal length of the same, the dorsal line straight when seen from
the side; cephalic margin of the disk subarcuate, slightly flattened mesad,
caudal margin obtusely rounded: median carina low but precurrent, very
weak mesad and more decided on the metazona, lateral angles rather broadly
rounded; metazona equal to two-thirds the length of the prozona; transverse
sulci well indicated, deeper on the lateral lobes than on the dorsum: lateral
lobes with their greatest dorsal length one and one-half times as long as the
greatest depth of the lobes; cephalic margin of the lobes nearly vertical, trun-
cate, ventral margin rather shallow arcuato-emarginate cephalad, truncate
caudad with a bulbous thickening of the extreme caudal section of the same,
caudal margin weakly sinuate, subtruncate, ventro-caudal angle rounded.
Tegmina reaching to the apex of the abdomen, slender: costal margin dis-
tinctly and regularly arcuate distad to the nan-owly rounded apex, which is
more sutural in position. Wings reaching to the tegminal tips: greatest width
contained two and one-quarter times in the greatest length of the same; apex
of anterior field narrowly rounded. Prosternal process of the broadly trans-
verse type found in the genus, thick, distal margin hardly emarginate, lateral
angles blunt, rounded; interspace between the mesosternal lobes narrow,
hour-glass shaped, the narrowest point hardly more than a fourth of the length
of the same interspace, the internal margins of the lobes roundly obtuse-angu-
late; metasternal lobes subcontiguous caudad. Cerci and ovipositor valves
elongate, simple, the former tapering on distal portion, the latter blunt and
faintly bulbous at the tips, without marginal teeth. Cephalic and median
limbs small. Caudal femora slightly more than half the length of the tegmina,
pattern of the paginae regular and well impressed: caudal tibiae about four-
fifths as long as caudal femora, armed on the external margin with seven to
eight spines,^- internal margin with nine to ten spines; caudal tarsi with the
second joint about three-fifths as long as the metatarsus, the third joint but
slightly shorter than the first and second joints together.
General color of dorsal and lateral surfaces cedar green, the abdomen pale
cendre green. Head with the margins of the fastigium and of the fastigial angles
blackish; ocelli orange-yellow; eyes auburn; mandibles bay, touched with
ox-blood red proximad; clypeus and labrum sanford's brown, the ventral
margin of the genae weakly and unevenly lined with wax yellow; antennae
black, the proximal joint and a dorsal edging on the next five to six joints
dragon's-blood red, six distal joints ochraccous-orangc. Pronotum with the
^2 On one limb there is present in the unique type a distal cxt(>rnal sjjine, a
condition not normal in the group.
JAMES A. G. REHN 289
thickened ventral margin of the lateral lobes and the contiguous prosternal
lobe edged with wax yellow, median line of pronotum weakly lined with zinc
orange, stronger cephalad. Tegmina smoky fuscous with the venation of the
general color. Wings largely weakly washed with fuscous, the proximal sec-
tion of the disk washed with pale methyl blue. Prosternal process dull buck-
thorn brown, ventro-cephalic section of the mesopleura and cephalic section of
the mesosternum washed with madder brown. Abdomen apparently uniform
pale cendre green without the usual dark rings and yellow, orange or red areas
of other species of the genus. Cephalic and median limbs of the general color,
but the proximal half of the femora and also the same section of the tibiae, as
well as a wash on the tarsi, nopal red. Caudal femora of the general color
with the internal genicular arch and a portion of the lobe blackish; caudal
tibiae nopal red, the internal face of the proximal extremity washed with black-
ish, spines orange-buff tipped with black; caudal tarsi washed with nopal red.
Length of body, 41 mm.; length of pronotum, 6.9; greatest dorsal (caudal)
width of pronotum, 4.2; length of tegmen, 31.2; length of caudal fenuir, 18;
length of caudal tibia, 15.
The type of this handsome species is unique.
Copiocera erythrogastra (Perty)
1834. Xiphicera erythrogastra Perty, Delect. Anim. Articul., p. 122, pi. XXIV,
fig. 2. [Moimtains of the Province of Minas Geraes, Brazil.]
Abuna, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) One female.
This specimen has been compared with a Goyaz, Brazil, indi-
vidual of the species and it is not separable. It is, however,
somewhat larger and has the black areas on the sides of the abdo-
men smaller, less bar-like and of little vertical extent, while the
bluish is absent from the base of the wing. The latter condition
can be accounted for by the specimen having been in a liquid
preservative, which has destroyed or seriously injured other
features of the coloration.
The species was recorded bj^ Gerstaecker from Olivenga, Bra-
zil and Pebas and Iquitos, Peru, in the upper Amazon basin.
Copiocera surinamensis Rehn
1913. Coi/iocera surinamensis Rehn, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1913, p. 94,
figs. 7 and 8. [Surinam.]
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) One male.
This is the first record of the species from Brazil, or in fact since
the original description. The alxlomen of this specimen has the
lateral patches aniline yellow, the antennal tips of the same shade.
TRANS. AM. ENT, SOC, XLII.
290 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Copiocera austera Gerstaecker
1889. Copiocera austera Gerstaecker, Mitth. Naturwissen. Ver. Neu-Vor-
pomm. und Riigen, Greifswald, xx, p. 36. [Iquitos, Peru.]
Madeira-Mamore Railroad Camp 41, Rio Madeira. (Mann
and Baker.) One female.
This specimen agrees with the description excepting in the
absence of bluish from the base of the wing. As the individual
has been in a liquid preservative, has the usual position of the
bluish area pale, and we have material of erythrogastra in the same
series with bluish removed from the same region by the preserva-
tive, we can safely assume this has happened in the present speci-
men.
Walker's nigricans,^^ from Nauta, is either very close to or
identical with austera.
Coscineuta sordida new species
A dull colored species, which differs from C. coxalis in the more
shallowly impressed transverse sulci of the pronotum, the pro-
portionately shorter cephalic and median femora, the absence of
red from the coxae, the ochraceous wash on the strumosities of
the head, pronotum and pleura, and other color features. From
vire7is the new species differs in the deep glaucous caudal tibiae,
the differently colored caudal tarsi, and numerous other color
features. From cicatricosa the new form differs in the deeper
general coloration and the color pattern of the caudal femora.
Unfortunately, so little in the way of structural characters are
given in the descriptions of virens and cicatricosa, we have to
resort to color differences as diagnostic. Bruner's olivacea is a
much smaller insect and appears to be so different as to require
no comparison.
Type. — 9 ; Peixe Boi, east of Para, State of Para, Brazil.
November to December, 1907. (H. B. Merrill.) [Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., Type no. 5313.]
Size rather large; form robust; surface of head, pronotum and pleura rugu-
lose to rugoso-cicatricose, of the venter and abdomen glabrous to glabroso-
punctulate. Head no wider than the cephalic section of the pronotum : occi-
put gently rounded, gently descending to the interocular space, ruguloso-
punctulate; interocular space hardly as wide as the frontal costa at the infra-
ocellar constriction, weakly sulcate: fastigium short, strongly transverse, the
disk deeply rugulos()-j)unctate: fastigio-facial angle rather narrowly rounded
when seen from the side, the face slightly retreating from between the antennal
" Catal. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., iv, p. 053, (1870).
JAMES A. G. REHN 291
bases; frontal costa broad dorsad, not silicate but sparsely Ijiseriate punctate,
ventrad of ocellus sharply narrowed, lineato-sulcate, the margins strumose
and merging with the strumose ventral border of the face; laterad of the frontal
costa, ventrad of the ocellus, rec^tangulate strumosities join the costal margins;
supplementary facial carinae distinct, strumose, irregular, moderately diverg-
ing; remaining surface of the face and genae rugoso-strumose: eyes not de-
cidedly prominent, flattened ovate in basal outline, their greatest depth twice
that of the infra-ocular portion of the genae: antennae elongate, two and
one-quarter times as long as the dorsum of the pronotum, slender. Pronotum
short, robust, rugoso-cicatricose: greatest dorsal (caudal) width of disk con-
tained one and two-fifths in the greatest length of the same; cephalic margin
of disk faintly emarginate mesad, caudal margin of disk rounded obtuse-augu-
lato, the immediate angle flattened; median carinae weakly indicated ceph-
alad, obsolete mesad, distinct but low and connected with the strumose pat-
tern on the metazona; transverse sulci broadly and continuoush' indicated,
all severing the median carina, relatively shallow: lateral lobes with their
greatest depth subequal to their greatest dorsal length; cephalic margin of
lobes nearly straight, very faintly sinuate; ventro-cephalic angle sub-rectan-
gulate; ventral margin arcuato-truncate oblique emarginate cephalad, median
angle broad obtuse, caudal section of same margin subtruncate, obtusely
ascending; ventro-caudal angle rounded obtuse; caudal margin faintly oblique,
truncate. Tegmina surpassing the caudal femoral apices by about the length
of the pronotum, rather narrow, the greatest width contained five and one-half
times in the greatest length: costal margin with a low but elongate proximal loba-
tion, thence straight to the distal two-fifths, where the margin is gently arcuate
to the apex, which is costal in position; apical margin oblique truncate; sutural
margin faintly sinuate: venation rather closely placed; intercalary vein pres-
ent but irregular. Wings rather narrow, their greatest width contained about
two and one-fifth times in the greatest length of the same : anterior field nar-
row, the margin not deeply angulate-emarginate at the junction of the anterior
and axillary fields, the latter with the margin moderately arcuate: discoidal
vein with three rami, the proximal of which we consider the median vein, this
bifurcate. Prosternal spine broad, low, short conical, the tip slightly antrorse
in trend: interspace between the mesosternal lobes subquadrate, weakly en-
larging caudad; interspace between the metasternal lobes weakly transverse,
narrowing caudad. Ovipositor jaws compressed, moderately elongate, apices
somewhat blunted, dorso-lateral margins irregularly crenulate. Cephalic and
median limbs short. Caudal femora moderately slender, greatest depth con-
tained about four and one-half times in the greatest length of the same; caudal
tibiae distinctly shorter than the femora, pilose, dorso-external margin armed
with five spines, dorso-internal margin with seven spines: caudal tarsi elon-
gate, slender, second joint nearly as long as the metatarsus, third joint but little
short of the combined length of the metatarsus and second joint; arolia large.
Allotype. — d^; Same data as the type.
Diff"cring from the description of the type in the features here mentioned.
Size relatively small. Head faintly wider than the cephalic section of the
pronotum : interocular space very narrow, no wider than the second antennal
TKANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
292 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
segment: eyes prominent, their greatest depth more than twice that of the
infra-ocular portion of the genae: antennae about three times as long as the
dorsum of the pronotum. Pronotum with the lateral lobes faintly deeper in
proportion to their length. Tegmina with the greatest width contained nearly
six times in their greatest length. Interspace between the mesosternal lobes
sublongitudinal, distinctly broadening caudad; interspace between the meta-
sternal lobes strongly longitudinal and very narrow. Supra-anal plate large,
scutellate, proximal half with the lateral margins subparallel, distal half with
the margins sinuato-convergent, making the distal portion sub-rectangulate
in form; an elevated double sigmoid carina crosses the plate at the proximal
two-fifths, proximad of which the plate is subtectate in section, with the crest
of the tectation expanded and subsulcate in the distal two-fifths of the plate:
cerci elongate, reaching to the apex of the supra-anal plate, simple, tapering,
acuminate, regularly inbowed : subgenital plate with the margin slightly elevated
and appreciably compressed disto-dorsad. Caudal tibiae with six to eight
spines on the dor so-external margin.
General color deep blue black, overlaid on the cicatricose and strumose
elevations with marmorations of light cadmium to dull ochraceous-orange.
Eyes amber brown (cf ) to bay (9); antennae of the general color, narrowly
lined laterad on the proximal third with pyrite yellow. Tegmina with the
general color more olivaceous black, the venation completely outlined in olive-
ocher. Wings weakly washed with fuscous, more thickly so distad and along
the periphery, heavily so along the distal two-thirds of the costa; longitudinal
veins strongly pencilled with fuscous; proximal portion of the disk washed
with jasper red. Abdomen dorsad and laterad garnet brown (cf) to nopal
red ( 9 ), the segments more ( 9 ) or less (cf) strongly, broadly and completely
banded proximad with black; venter of the abdomen similarly patterned but
with the reddish replaced by sanford's brown; apex of the abdomen largely
black, ovipositor jaws dull orange. Cephahc and median limbs of the general
color, lined on the dorsal and ventral surfaces and at the extremities of the
articles with dull orange. Caudal femora of the general color, the dorsal car-
inae, a broad bar along the ventro-external carina and the genicular lobes dull
orange: caudal tibiae of the general color, weakly lined along the dorso-lateral
angles with dull buffy; caudal tarsi lined on the external face with dull pale
buffy.
Measurements {in millimeters)
(allotype) (type)
Length of body, 21.8 33.2
Length of pronotum, 4.8 6.9
Greatest (caudal) width of dorsum of pronotum, 3.6 5.2
Length of tegmen, 20.5 28
Greatest width of tegmen, 3.8 5.2
Length of caudal femur, 13.4 17.5
The type and allotype are all we have seen of this striking
species.
JAMES A. G. REHN 293
Abila smaragdipes (Bruner)
1911. Abila stnaragdi pes Brunpr, Ann. Carnog. Mus., viii, p. 96. [Para and
Santarem, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One female.
This specimen fully agrees with Bruner's description. In the
presence of a continuous, distinctly sulcate, frontal costa this
form seems to us to approach the related genus Aristia, but at
present we are not in a position to make anj^ more definite state-
ment of the exact position the species should hold. It is, how-
ever, certainly not a typical Abila.
Abracris obliqua (Thunberg)
1824. Gr[ylhis] obliquus Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., ix,
p. 414. [Brazil.]
1860. Acridium consors Stal, Kongl. Svenska Fregatt. Eugen. Resa, Zool.,
Insecta, p. 327. [Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.]
1906. OmaloteUix signatipes Bruner, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxx, p. 673.
[Sapucay, Paraguay (types); Pernambuco, Brazil; Temax, Yucatan.]
Ceara, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One male, two females.
Baturite Mountains, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One female.
Maranguape Mountains, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) Four
males, two females.
Baixa Verde, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
female.
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) Three males.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Three
males, three females.
We have made a careful study of the species of this genus,
having material of all except the quite different conspeisipennis
before us, and find that Thunberg's obliquus is clearly the oldest
name for this species. For years placed in the genus Osmilia
and recorded a number of times under that generic name, there
is no question but that Thunberg had a member of this genus
before him. The original description is brief, but with Stal's
later comments from the typical material, and his synonymy of
his consors with Thunberg's species'''' the above synonymy of
signatipes is clear.
Through the kindness of Prof. Bruner we have before us a
female paratype of signatipes, which is inseparable from the
females from the Maranguape Mountains. We have recorded
" Recen. Orthopt., i, p. 69, (1873).
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
294 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
material as signatipes a number of times, but, in the light of the
series now before us, we find that our references were correct in
but a portion of one lot, i. e. the Bonito, State of Pernambuco
and Espirito Santo, Brazil, representatives.^^ The other refer-
ences by us of material as signatipes all should be placed under
chapadensis and caeruleipermis.^ The specimen supposed to be
from St. Thomas, West Indies," we feel is erroneously labelled,
being obliqua probably from the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.
The specimens before us have strongly decided coloration
contrast; in the case of certain of the specimens this is due to
alcoholic immersion, but not in all. The size is uniformly small,
as said by Thunberg similar to that of "Gryllus apricarius"
{ = Siauroderus apricarius). The lateral markings of the caudal
femora are strongly indicated in all, while the externo-ventral
face always shows some black, but this may be broken up
into two areas (aside from the genicular infuscation) by a pale
area.
Abracris dilecta Walker
1870. Ahracris dilecta Walker, Catal. Dermapt. Salt. Brit. Mus., iv, p. 642.
[Santarem, Brazil.]
1908. Omalotettix meridionalis Bruner, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., ii, pp.
280, 281. [Demerara, British Guiana; Chapada, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (W. M. Mann.) One male. (C. F. Baker.)
One male.
After careful study of the original descriptions, the present
material and a cotypic pair of meridionalis from Demerara,
loaned by Prof., Bruner, we feel the above synonymy to be cor-
rect. Kirby considered dilecta to be the same as signatipes
{ = ohliqua), but its original dimensions appear to be too large
for that form, to which, however, the present species is very
closely related.
The range of the species extends from British Guiana south to
Victoria, State of Espirito, Brazil and Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
Bolivia.
55 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvi, p. 149, (1909).
5«Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 1907, p. 18.5, (1907); [chapadensis and caeru-
leipennis]: Ibid., 1908, p. 17, (1908); [caeruleipennis]: Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
xxxvi, p. 149, (1909); [Chapada material — caerideipennis]: Proc. Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., 1913, p. 339, (1913); [caeruleipennis]: Ibid., 1915, p. 285, (1915);
[caeruleipennis].
" Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvi, p. 149, (1909).
JAMES A, G. REHN 295
Abracris caeruleipennis (Bruner)
1900. Jodacris (?) caeruleipennis Bruner, Second Rep. Merchants Loc. Invest.
Comm. Buenos Aires, p. G8. [Asuncion, Paraguay; Territor}^ of Formosa,
Argentina.]
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One
female.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) One male.
In a forthcoming paper we intend to make some detailed
comments on this species, its relationship and distribution.
Osmilia flavo-Iineata (DeGeer)
1773. Acnjdium Jku'o-li neat urn DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, j). 497, pi. 42,
fig. 4. [Surinam.]
Porto Velho, Rio Madeira. (Mann and Baker.) Two
males.
Manaos, Amazonas. (]\lann and Baker.) One female.
Para, Para. (W. M. Mann.) Two females.
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) Two males, one female.
]\Iaranguape Mountains, Ceara. (W. M. Mann.) One
female.
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Two fe-
males.
Aside from the Peixe Boi representation, all of these specimens
have been immersed in alcohol and in consequence have lost much
of their original color tones. The disk of the wing is either dis-
tinctly, or shows traces of being washed with yellowish in the
specimens which have been in liquid preservative, while the Peixe
Boi male has a pale bluish and the female a glaucous tint to the
same area. One of the Para females has a yellowish wing colora-
ation, which apparently has had a minimum of alteration, and it
is very similar in this respect to British Guianan material.
There has been so much confusion regarding the relationship
of the very closely allied forms of this genus, that a good portion
of the distributional data published in the past has little value
on account of the strong [)rol)ability of erroneous determinations.
We feel that this genus is very closely related to Abracris, and
should not be placed in the isolated position generally assigned to it.
The present species appears to range from Golonibia to eastern
Brazil, to the upper Amazonian region.
TRANS. AM. EXT. .SOC, XUI.
296 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Locheuma brunneri (Scudder)
1875. Elaeochlora brunneri Scudder, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., xvii, p.
270. [Eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes.]
1889. Vilerjia flavipennis Gerstaecker, Mitth. Naturw. Ver. Neu-Vorpomm.
Riigen, Greifswald, xx, p. 13. [Fonteboa, Amazonas, Brazil.]
Para, Para. (C. F. Baker.) One male, one female.
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) Four females.
Igarape-Assu, Para. January 17, 1912. (H. S. Parish.)
One male. [A. N. S. P.]
This material fully agrees with Scudder's type, which is now
before us, and with Gerstaecker's description of flavipennis,
also with two males and one female of the species from eastern
Peru (Rio Pacaya, July to September, 1912, two males; Almeria,
January 17 to 18, 1913, one female).
For a proper understanding of the unfortunate complications
the proper placing of Scudder's name necessitates, it will be
necessary to discuss the matter chronologically. Scudder's
original assignment of the species to the genus Elaeochlora was,
of course, incorrect, the latter genus having never been seen by
him. He was also in error in stating the unique type to be a
male, as it is of the opposite sex. The type has been dried from
alcohol and has lost almost all of the original coloration. It is
labelled in Scudder's handwriting, ''Elaeochlora Brunneri Scudd.
type. Peruv. Andes." In his original description of flavipennis
Gerstaecker suggests that Scudder's name may have been
based on the other sex of his species, which was based on the
female; as a matter of fact brunneri was based on a slightly
smaller individual of the same sex of the same species as his
flavipennis. In 1890, Scudder''^ decided that brunneri repre-
sented a new genus allied to Catreus, which he named Locheuma.
As a genus it is close to Vilerna Stal, and provisionally, at least
until we know more about the relationship of the two entities,
can be considered of generic rank, but it is in no way related to
Catreus. In 1898, Giglio-Tos^^ erected the genus Caletodes on
two species, one of which, C. alatus, has been selected as the type.
His genus Caletodes is identical with Locheuma and must fall for
the older name, while we feel little doubt but that the species
s-sProc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., xxvii, p. 207, (1890).
'■>'■> BoUett. Mus. Zool. Anat. Comj). Torino, xiii, no. 31 1 p 59
JAMES A. G. REHN 297
alatus from eastern Ecuador is identical with hrunneri. There
is httle in the way of characters on which the genus Locheuma
(CaJetodes) can be retained as distinct from Vilerna, as the sup-
posedly diagnostic feature, the form of the caudal margin of the
pronotal disk, is found to be individually variable in Vilerna
aeneo-oculata and rugulosa, while the general pronotal form is
approximated in the latter species. For the present, however,
we prefer to consider Locheuma a distinct genus, the species
festae of Giglio-Tos, which unfortunately was not selected as the
genotype, having a very different appearance. Further study
may bring out some more salient features to clearly distinguish
Vilerna and Locheuma.
Ovu" Calefodes pulchripes, from Balzapamba, Ecuador,^'' is
quite close to brunneri and when more material is examined may
prove to be the same, or, if alatus is distinct, the same as that
species. However, pulchripes differs from the material of hrun-
neri in being much more rugose, in having a shorter pronotum
and a transverse mesosternal interspace. The characters pre-
viously supposed to be diagnostic of pulchripes are apparently
only individual. The present species, like others of the Vilernae,
is a vai'iable one in minor features and this variation appears to
be largely individual. Bruner has recorded this species (as
flavipennis) from Para and Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil.
Nuciera elegantula new species (Plate XV, fig. 42.)
This species is placed in this genus provisionally, as it shows
certain differences from the relatively poor generic description of
Nuciera {Xuceria 8tal nee Walker), which may prove to be of
generic importance. Of the known genera of the Vilernae,
elegantula appears to show greater affinity with Xuciera, and
we prefer to place it here until more is known concerning the
genotype and only previously known species — X. roseipennis
Stal. The fastigium is l)roatler in the present insect than the
description would lead one to suppose was the case in r-oscipennis,
while the supplementary facial carinac are subparallel and not
more divergent than in Vilerna, as described.
When compared with the description of roseipennis the present
insect can be readily distinguished by its much smaller size,
smoother face, l)!untcr and more rounded vertex, in th(> tegmina
soProc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PhiUi., 1913, p. 99, figs. 1.3 to 15, (1913).
TRANS. AM. ENT. .SOC, XLII.
298 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
falling considerably short of the apices of the caudal femora, in
the prosternal spine being short and blunt conical, the caudal
tibiae armed on the clorso-external margin with six to seven
spines, in the antennae each having two pale annuli and the
lateral lobes of the pronotum not marked with yellowish, al-
though the face is.
Type. — 9 ; Peixe Boi, east of Para, State of Para, Brazil.
November to December, 1907. (H. B. Merrill.) [Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., Type no. 5314.]
Size small: form moderately slender, subcompressed : surface of head and
limlis smooth but minuteh^ shagreenous, of pronotum and pleura more or less
cril)roso-punctate, of venter and abdomen moderately polished. Head with
the exposed dorsal length subeo,ual to that of the prozona: occiput distinctly
ascending, then declivent to the interocular space, which is hardly wider than
the proximal antennal joint, and the whole dorsum of the head, from the
cephalic margin of the fastigium, with a fine continuous medio-longitudinal
sulcus; fastigium broad, but faintly longer than wide, the margin regularly
arcuate, faintly subparallel caudad, slightly flattened meso-cephalad, the mar-
gin distinctly cingulate: fastigio-facial angle rounded rectangulate when seen
from the side, the interantennal protuberance rotundato-truncate for a short
distance, then passing into the regvdarly retreating and moderately concave
facial line; frontal costa dorsad distinctly broader than the proximal antennal
joint, immediately dorsad plane but biseriate punctate, ventrad of this the
costa is deeply and sharply sulcate to the clypeus, the borders of the costa
moderately constricted ventrad of the ocellus at the usual transverse facial
sulci, thence distinctly diverging: lateral facial carinae slightly sinuate, sub-
parallel: eyes very prominent, globose when seen from the dorsal surface, in
basal outline broad ovate, their greatest depth nearly twice that of the infra-
ocular portion of the genae: antennae slightly longer than the dorsal length of
the head and pronotum, slightly and very gradually enlarging distad, the
joints moniliform and from the third regularly increasing in length distad.
Pronotum with the greatest dorsal (caudal) width contained one and one-half
times in the greatest length of the same, when seen from the side the dorsal
line is moderately impressed at the principal transverse sulcus, faintly so at
the cephalic transverse sulcus; cribroso-punctation of pronotum strongest on
the metazona and along the cephalic and ventral margins, weakest on the disk
of the prozona of the lateral lobes; cephalic margin of disk arcuate, weakly
flattened mesad, caudal margin obtuse-angulate, lateral angles of disk
broadly rounded except for a weak shoulder on the metazona; median carina
weak but continuous, subobsolete mesad, transverse sulci well impressed, the
caudal one severing the median carina at the caudal third: lateral lobes with
the greatest depth contained one and one-third times in the greatest dorsal
length of the same; cephalic margin of lobes obliquely sinuate, ventro-cephalic
angle obtuse, ventral margin arcuato-emarginate cejihalad, gently arcuate
caudad, ventro-caudal angle rounded, obtuse, caudal margin weakly oblique,
truncate. Tegmina abbreviate, about one and on(>-half times as long as the
I
JAMES A. G. REHN 299
head and pronotuni together, falling short of the femoral apices by about the
length of the pronotuni; form elongate lanceolate, the greatest width contained
four and one-half times in the length of the same; costal margin faintly arcuate,
apex rather narrowed, rounded, sutural margin genth' arcuate, faintly sinuate
near the apex: venation distinct, rather sparse. Wings short, broad, the distal
extremity subtruncate; anterior field very narrow. Prosternal process very
low, blunt conical, faintly retrorse at the apex: interspace between the meso-
sternal lobes strongly transverse, the lobes broadly oblique arcuate; interspace
between the metasternal lobes wedge-shaped, the lobes strongly converging
caudad. Ovipositor jaws strongly compressed, the tips moderately recvu'ved,
the dor.so-lateral margins regularly and strongly serrato-dentate. Cephalic
and median limbs relatively short. Caudal femora nearly two and a half
times as long as the pronotuni, moderately robust, the greatest depth con-
tained four times in the greatest length, pregenicular region slender; dorsal
carina very minutely serrulate;'''^ pattern of the paginae regular, well spaced;
genicular lobes bluntly acute: caudal tibiae distinctly shorter than the femora,
faintly sinuate; dorso-external margins armed with six to seven spines, dorso-
internal margins with eight spines: caudal tarsi with the third joint faintly
longer than the first and second united; arolia rather small, compressed.
General color ecru-olive, paling to Isabella color on the tegmina and darken-
ing to buffy olive on the dorsum of the abdomen, ventral surface heavily washed
^\■ith fuscous. Head with the genae and face ventrad of the ocellus mustard
yellow, the fastigium and adjacent portion of the frontal costa margined with
the same, the dorsum of the head and the postocular region blotched with
dusky olive-green; eyes deep russet; antennae blackish, lineato-annulate proxi-
mad on the dorsal surface, and completely biannulate with antimony yellow
distad. Pronotimi mottled dorsad and laterad with dusky olive-green; pleura
more clearly of the base color. Tegmina with three large blotches and nu-
merous points of dark olive. Wings weakly infuscate, proximad faintly glau-
cous. Cephalic and median limbs of the general color annulate with dusky
olive-green. Caudal femora on the dorsal and lateral surfaces much blotched
with dusky olive-green, the carinae more or less regularly beaded with the
same; ventral sulcus washed with russian green; scattered over the carinae
and paginae of the caudal femora are numerous rounded areas of the general
color, outlined by a dark annulus and containing a smaller dark annulus;''-
caudal tibiae cinnamon brown proximad passing into blackish distad, the
spines of the same tone, both the dorsal and ventral carinae of the tibiae bear
proximad some annular areas similar to those on the femora; dorso lateral,
but particularly dorso-external, margins strongly ciliated: caudal tarsi blackish
with some ecru olive.
Length of body, 20.4 nun.; length of pronotuni, 4.5; greatest (caudal) width
of pronotal disk, 2.7; length of tegmen, 10.5; length of caudal femur, 12.
The type of this remarkable species is unique.
•■'1 As .seen at certain angles this would be called smooth.
^- It is possible these areas may be analogous to the tubercles described by
Bruner as occurring in the same region in the i)eculiar l)ut allied Aptoceras
margaritalus (Biol. Cent.-Amer., Orth., ii, p. 2S6, (1908)).
TRAXS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
300 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Sitalces madeirensis new species (Plate XV, fig. 41.)
A very peculiar species, which can be immediately recognized
from the others of the genus by the completely developed tegmina
and wings.
Type. — 9 ; Porto Velho, Rio Madeira, Brazil. (Stanford
Expedition; Mann and Baker.) [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type
no. 5289.]
Size small: surface smooth, except for the regularly punctate metazona of
the pronotum and irregularly rugoso-punctate remaining section of the lateral
lobes and faintly punctate pleura. Head with the dorsal line moderately
declivent from the rounded occiput to the apex of the fastigium; vertex with
the interspace between the eyes very narrow, not more than one-half that of
the interocular portion of the frontal costa, very narrowly sulcate; fastigiiun
slightly transverse, trigonal, apex narrowly arcuato-truncate, surface strongly
excavate mesad; fastigio-facial angle obtuse, the interantennal region vertical,
truncate when seen from the lateral aspect, facial line ventrad of the angle
moderately retreating: frontal costa at fastigio-facial angle moderateh' wider
than the interocular space of the vertex, between the antennae expanding to
twice as wide as the ocular interspace then narrowing -to the dorsal width,
thence ventrad subequal in width until it become subobsolete immediately
dorsad of the clypeal suture, interocular space plane, biseriate punctate, sul-
cate for about two-thirds of its length ventrad of the ocellus; supplementary
facial carinae decided, moderately and regularly diverging ventrad, a narrow
area ventro-cephalad of eye and involving the supplementary carinae callose;
eyes moderately prominent, broad-ovate in basal outline, about one and one-
third times as long as the infra-ocular portion of the genae; antennae filiform,
short, about twice as long as the pronotum. Pronotum sellate, slightly but
appreciably narrowed mesad, the dorsal line appreciably concave, cephalic
section subequal in width to the inserted portion of the head; disk with the
greatest caudal width contained one and one-fifth times in the greatest length
of the same: cephalic margin of the disk considerably produced, bisarcuate,
the median dividing emargination very broad and relatively shallow; caudal
margin of disk arcuato-truncate with a decided broad V-shaped median emar-
gination; median carina broad but low, continuous but decidedly severed by
all the transverse sulci except the cephalic one; transverse sulci broad, pro-
nounced, decidedly impressed, the cephalic one weaker, the second sulcus not
continuous over the lateral lobes as is the case with the others, metazona com-
prising one-third of the dorsal length of the pronotum: lateral lobes with the
greatest depth equal to two-thirds of the greatest dorsal length of the same,
cephalic margin of lobes oblique, faintly sigmoid, ventro-cephalic angle sub-
rectangulate, ventral margin quadrantiform-emarginate, median angle rounded
sub-rectangulate, caudal section of ventral margin sinuato-truncate, weakly
ascending dorso-caudad, ventro-caudal angle rounded sub-rectangulate. Teg-
mina surpassing the tips of the caudal femora by nearly the i)ronotal length,
sublanceolate: costal margui with shallow, very elongate ])roximal lobe, distal
portion of the same margin rather strongly arcuate to the narrowly rounded
apex, which is nearer the sutural margin: venation rather sparse, somewhat
JAMES A. G. REHN 301
irregular, interspaces of distal section irregular in size and shape; texture cori-
aceous. Wings subhyaline, reaching to the tegminal apices, rather narrow.
Prosternal process a broad, low swelling bearing on its apex a short, sharp,
cephalad recurved tooth: interspace between the mesosternal lobes subquad-
rate, in width slightly less than one of the lobes, internal margins of lobes
subparallel, appreciably arcuate, caudal angles well rounded: mesosternal
lobes narrowly separated caudad. Supra-anal plate elongate, sublanceolate,
in transverse section arcuate, lateral margins gently arcuate, convergent to
the narrowly rounded apex, proximal half of the plate with distinct lateral
inter-marginal low carinae, a distinct medio-longitudinal, elongate-elliptical
sulciform impression and a faint transverse division separating the proximal
from the distal section of the plate: ovipositor valves elongate, considerably
compressed, the tips of both sets of valves strongly hooked, the external
margins of the dorsal valves crenulato-dentate. Cephalic and median limbs
quite slender. Caudal femora of average build, not markedly slender, sub-
compressed, in length equal to two-thirds that of the tegmina, greatest depth
contained three and one-third times in its greatest length; dorsal carina very
faintly serrulate, regularly supplied with long hairs, dorso-external and ventro-
external carinae simple, pattern of the paginae regular, open, dorso-genicular
margin with a faint median tooth; genicular lobes with their apices faintly
acute, ventral margin of the lobes sigmoid, deepest proximad: caudal tibiae
slightly shorter than the femora, faintly sigmoid in outline, slender, armed
on the external margin with six spines, on the internal margin with nine
spines: caudal tarsi with the proximal joint about twice as long as the second
joint; third joint subequal to the first and second joint together.
General color (specimen dried from liquid preservative) olive-yellow, a pair
of broad lateral bars of fuscous black extending from caudad of the eyes, over
dorsal two-thirds of the lateral lobes of the pronotum, dorsal section of the
pleura, metanotum, dorsum of the thi-ee proximal abdominal segments and
over the tegmina, becoming fuscous on the latter. Head with the dorsal
section of the antennal grooves, occiput, vertex and on the fastigium weakly
fuscous black, regular disposed series of dots of the general color in diverging
lines extending from the fastigium around the eyes, a line of callose areas mar-
gining the eyes ventro-cephalad and the postocular bar ventrad, these strik-
ingly cream-buff; eyes mars brown clouded with fuscous; antennae of the
general color. Pronotum with the median and the position of the lateral
carinae distinctly of the general color, the base tone of the dorsum more ecru-
olive, the pale lateral dorsal lines contrasted mesad by a wash of fuscous;
lateral lobes with the greater portion of the pale ventral section callose and
cream-buff in color. Pleura with the callose cream-buff hue represented by
two oblitiue dashes, one dorso-cephalad of the insertion of each limb. Teg-
mina with the region of the anal vein narrowly marked with the general color.
Wings washed with fuscous, longitudinal veins strongly lined with fuscous-
black, transverse veins paler. Caudal femora with the genicular region and
proximal extremity of the tibiae washed with ferruginous, the genicular lobes
with several fuscous spots, tibial spines black tipped.
Length of body, 15 mm.; length of pronotum, 3; greatest (caudal) width of
pronotal disk, 2.7; length of tegmen, 13.4; length of caudal femur, 8.7.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
302 BKAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
The type of this remarkable species is unique. It may require
generic separation when more is known of the other species of
Sitalces, but its affinity is most certainly with that genus.
Cocama tripunctata new species
Allied to C. trivittata Giglio-Tos, the type of the genus, having
the general form similar, the proportions in the same ratio and
the lateral lobes of ^he pronotum with pale callose areas, but
differing in the striping being reduced to a blackish postocular
line continued over the pronotum to the apices of the tegmina,
in the lateral lobes having two instead of one yellow callose area
and in a similar one being placed on the metapleura, in the frontal
costa being broader at its junction with the fastigium, in the
deep red of the greater portion of the caudal femora and in the
green caudal tibiae and distal extremity of the femora.
Type.— 9; Parc4, State of Para, Brazil. (C. F. Baker.)
[Acad. Nat. 8ci. Phila., Type no. 5290.]
Size medium; foi-m robust, subfusiform; surface of head, pronotum and i)leura
more or less rugulose, of abdomen, venter and caudal limbs smooth or sparsely
punctate. Head with the exposed dorsal surface equal to about two-thirds
the length of the dorsum of the pronotimi : occiput arcuate inflated, moderately
elevated dorsad of the pronotal disk, regularly arcuate declivent to the fasti-
gium; interocular portion of the vertex narrow, no wider than the proximal
section of the second antennal joint, faintly sulcate: fastigium subhorizontal,
faintly declivent, moderately produced, trigonal in outline, as broad as long,
very faintly impressed within its margins, very weakly and shallowlj' broad
sulcate; fastigio-facial angle rounded when seen from the side, the cephalic
section of the interantennal protuberance arcuato-truncate and ventrad regu-
larly arcuate into the decidedly retreating and concave facial line; frontal
costa between the antennae no wider than the proximal antennal joint, sub-
equal in width, plane and sparse punctate, except immediately dorsad of ocellus
where it is irregularly sulcate, briefly constricted ventrad of the ocellus and
indicated to the clypeal suture, but the margins, which are subcarinate, are
irregular and broken, this section irregular sulcate; genae with some irregular,
low, strumose ridges and points: eyes prominent, moderately exserted when
seen from the dorsum, hardly elevated above the dorsal line of the head when
seen from the side, in basal outline elliptico-ovate, slightly flattened, in depth
nearly half again that of the infra-o(;ular portion of the genae: antennae as long
as the head and pronotum together, rather heavy, subdepressed. Pronotum
subcylindrical, moderately enlarging (;audad on the metazona, prozona subequal
in width, weakly sollate when seen from the side, surface of i)rozona coarsely
rugose impresso-punctate, on metazona closely and finely cril)roso-pun('tate;
cephalic width of pronotum no narrower than the caudal section of the head:
cephalic margin of pronotal disk weakly arcuate with a very faint median siima-
tion, caudal margin of disk very broadly and bluntly obtuse-angulate, faintly
JAMES A. G. REHN 303
sinuate latcratl of the rounded anjjle; median carina subobsolete, well indi-
cated at cephalic margin; no lateral carinae, the disk broadly rounding into
the lateral lobes; transverse sulci well marked, the caudal one deeplj' impressed,
metazona one-half as long as the prozona: lateral lobes with the dorsal length
slightly greater than the maximum depth of the same; cephalic margin mod-
erately oblique, faintlj' sigmoid: ventro-cephalic angle rotundato-rectangulate;
ventral margin with cephalic half strongly arcuato-emarginate, declivent ceph-
alad, nearly straight; ventro-caudal angle obtusely rounded; caudal margin of
lobes nearly vertical, straight; surface of lateral lobes bearing on ventral half
two callose areas, one semi-elliptical and cephalad of the other, which is roughly
circular. Tegmina slightly more than twice as long as the disk of the pro-
notum, acuminate, the venation finely and regularly patterned, the anal area
appearing cribroso-punctate: costal margin with a distinct but not very high
lobe at distal third, thence distad the same margin is straight, the tegmen
narrowing to the narrowly rounded apex. Wings reaching to the extremities
of the tegmina. Prosternal spine erect, acute, faintly recurved cephalad at
the apex: interspace between the mesosternal lobes verj' faintly transverse,
slightly narrower than one of the lobes: metasternal lobes subattingent caudad:
metapleura with a nearly circular callose area proximad, similar in character
to those on the lateral lobes. Abdomen moderately compressed, carinate dor-
sad: supra-anal plate slightly elongate trigonal, carinate and tectate distad,
with a distinct medio-longitudinal impressed area proximad: cerci short,
conical: ovipositor jaws slightly compressed, dorso-external margins of the
dorsal valves crenulate, apices moderate^ curved. Cephalic and median limbs
rather short. Caudal femora in length subequal to that of the pronotum and
tegmina together, surpassing the apex of the abdomen by less than the length
(cephalo-caudad) of the head, in form moderately robust, the greatest depth
contained about three and one-half times in the greatest length of the same;
dorsal carina rather finely serrulate, the distal extremity of the same with a
small blunt tooth, external paginae regularly sculptured, apex of genicular
lobes rounded acute-angulate: caudal tibiae slightly shorter than the femora,
appreciably expanded distad, the lateral margins crenulato-carinate, most
apparent distad, dorso-external margin armed with seven spines, the dorso-
internal one with eight spines: caudal metatarsi slightlj' shorter than the third
joint, second joint about five-eighths the length of the metatarsus.
General dorsal color ecru-olive, this being limited laterad by a pair of dis-
tinct but not wide fuscous lines, which extend from the dorso-caudal portion
of the eyes across the pronotum, in the usual position of lateral carinae, and
margining on the sutural side the humeral trunk of the tegmina to the apex.
The head has the remainder of its surface ecru-olive to light yellowish olive,
with the strumose points more olive-ocher. Pronotum and pleura, mcso and
metasternum and caudal femora garnet brown, the callose areas on the lateral
lobes and plevu'a bright lemon yellow. Abdomen washed proximad with
garnet brown, bronze brown distad, the ovipositor jaws sulphine yellow etlged
with l)Iackish. Eyes olive-citrine with traces of fuscous; antennae dark russian
green i)roximad, becoming blackish mesad and distad. Tegmina with marginal
field t)ister, costal margin from the lobe distad broadly edged with fuscous.
Caudal femora with genicular extremity dark russian green, the arches washed
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XUI.
304 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
with blackish and the lobes largely dark dull yellow-green: caudal tibiae dark
dull yellow-green, the proximal portion washed with dark russian green, the
spines black tipped: caudal tarsi dark dull yellow-green dorsad.
Length of body, 21 mm.; length of pronotum, 4.2; greatest (caudal) width
of pronotal disk, 3.4; length of tegmen, 9.7; length of caudal femur, 13.
The type of this most striking species is unique.
Schistocerca desiliens Sc udder
1899. Schistocerca desiliens Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
xxxiv, pp. 443, 455. [Rio de Janeiro and Victoria, Brazil.]
Independencia, Parahyba. (Mann and Heath.) Three
females.
This species is now known to range from Santarein and Para,
State of Para, east to Independencia and Pernambuco, south to
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and Asuncion, Paraguay, west to Chapada,
State of Matto Grosso, Brazil.
Schistocerca flavofasciata (DeGeer)
1773. Acrydiimi flavo-fasciaturn DeGeer, Mem. Hist. Ins., iii, p. 489, pi. 40>
fig. 8. [Surinam.]
1899. Schistocerca aequalis Scudder, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts and Sciences,
xxxiv, pp. 444, 458. [Demerara.]
Manaos, Amazonas. March, 1908. (H. B. Merrill.) One
female. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.]
Igarape-Assu, Para. (H. S. Parish.) One male. [Acad.
Nat. Sci. Phila.]
As intimated by us some years ago,*'^ the acquisition of Surinam
material enables us to definitely associate Scudder's aequalis
with the true flavofasciata (DeGeer) . A female from Paramaribo,
Surinam (K. Mayo; A. N. S. P.) fully agrees with DeGeer's
description and figure, possessing the very broad pale costal
border of the proximal section of the tegmina which is indicated
in the original description. Scudder undoubtedly followed
Stal's error in considering flavofasciata a purely Brazihan species,
as Surinam is clearly given as the locality by DeGeer. In con-
sequence Scudder naturalljandicated the more strikingl}-, although
narrowly, flavo-fasciate jimhriata^'^ as DeGeer's species. Stal
states that DeGeer's type was missing from the series before him.
The unique type of Scudder's aequalis is now before us and it is
identical with the Surinam specimen and other material now in
our hands.
"3 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xxxvi, p. 157 footnote, (1909).
^* The present author will shortly discuss this name in detail elsewhere.
JAMES A. G. REHN 305
In coloration this species varies as much as all the others of
this and the related vaga-zapoteca complexes of the genus. In
addition there is a considerable degree of vaiiation in the colora-
tion of the proximal section of the marginal field of the tegmina.
This may be broadly yellowish, may have this color weak along
the costal margin or may have no yellow at all. In no case have
we seen the 3'ellow as brilhant, as clear and as strongly contrasted
as in fimbriatn {=flavofasciata of Stal and Scudder). Structur-
ally this species differs from fimbriata in the distinctly greater
width of the proximal portion of the marginal field of the teg-
mina and the broader cerci, which have their distal margin trun-
cate or emarginate, instead of being of the tapering character of
fimbriata.
Regarding the relationship of the eastern South American
forms of this species complex, it seems that desiliens indicates a
tendency toward the vaga-vitticeps-zapoteca complex, somewhat
away from the Jlavofasciata-fimbriata-infumata group. However,
this conclusion is based largely on the evidence of the extreme
desiliens condition as found in material from extreme eastern
Brazil, while these tendencies are not so decided in specimens
from the Rio de Janeiro region. This statement is made chiefl}'
on the basis of general coloration and not on genital characters,
as there desiliens holds a peculiar position on account of the more
tapering cerci. The importance of this feature is, however, not
as great as one would imagine from Scudder's comment on the
same; fimbriata approaches very close to desiliens in cereal form
and a sufficient series from localities in southeastern Brazil will
probabh^ show the typical forms connected up in this feature.
The relationship of desiliens, fimbriata and infumata as geo-
graphic races of the same species ma^- be proven when sufficient
material is in hand. Returning to the coloration, after due allow-
ance has been made for the recessive and intensive features of
the general color pattern, it would seem that the pattern is more
truly phylogenetic in certain species of this and numerous related,
considerably diversified genera, such as Melunoplus, Dichroplus,
etc., than is usually supposed to be the case. To properly appre-
ciate pattern, its fixed and transitory features in the scale of
individual, dimorphic and environmental variation must be
understood. When these are full>' weighed and given their
proper value we will probably find in color pattern clues as
TRAXS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
306 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
valuable for affinities as those becoming evident in numerous
groups of birds, when studied from that point of view.
The range of this species extends from British Guiana south
to central Amazonia (Manaos), east to the eastern part of the
State of Para (Igarape-Assu).
Schistocerca pallens (Thunberg)
1815. G[ryllu4 pallens Thunberg, Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Potersb., v, p.
237. [No locality.)
Peixe Boi, east of Para, Para. November to December,
1907. (H. B. Merrill.) One female.
Natal, Rio Grande do Norte. (W. M. Mann.) One male,
two females.
These specimens have the tegmina more pantherine maculate
than material of this species from the Greater Antilles and Mexico,
in this respect resembling individuals from Barbados. The
general size is less than in the other material seen.
The range of the species extends from eastern Mexico and the
Greater Antilles, south to the Uruguay River and northern Ar-
gentina, east to Natal, Brazil, and west in South America to the
eastern slopes of the Andes in Peru.
JAMES A. G. REHN 307
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate XIV
Fig. 1. — Pyragropsis emargiitala new species. Outline of pronotum, tegmina
and wings of type, showing color pattern. (X 5)
Fig. 2. — Anapleda analisignata new .species. Venation and pattern of teg-
men of type. ( X 6)
Fig. 3. — Anapleda analisignata new species. Anterior field of wing of type.
(Greatly enlarged . )
Fig. 4. — Isdinoplera amazonica new species. Pronotal outline and pattern of
type. (X6)
Fig. 5. — lachnoptera amazonica new species. Dorsal view of apex of al)do-
men of male (type). (Greath' enlarged.)
Fig. 6. — Isdinoplera amazonica new species. Outline of subgenital plate
of male {type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 7. — Ischnoptera amazonica new species. Caudal aspect of apex of abdo-
men of male {type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. S. — Ischnoptera amazonica new species. Supra-anal plate of female
(allotype). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 9. — Cariblatta personata new species. Pattern of pronotum of type.
(Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 10. — Cariblatta personata new species. Sui)ra-anal plate of type.
(Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 11. — Dcndroblatta sobrina new genus and sjoecies. Head, pronotum, teg-
men and wing of male (type). (X 2)
Fig. 12. — Dcndroblatta sobrina new genus and species. Ventro-cephalic
aspect of cephalic femur of type. (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 13. — Dcndroblatta sobrina new genus and species. Ventral aspect of
subgenital plate of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 14. — Dendroblatta sobrina new genus and species. Dextral aspect of
subgenital plate of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 1.5. — Eurycotis manyii nevf species. Dorsal outline of male (/ypc). (Nat-
ural size.)
Fig. 16. — Schistopellis pcculiaris new genus anti species. Dorsal view of
head and pronotum of type. ( X 2)
Fig. 17. — Sdiislopeltis peculiaris new genus and species. Venation of tegmcu
of type. (Natural size.)
Fig. 18. — Chorisoneura polita new species. \'enatiou of tegmen and portion
of wing of female (type). (X 5)
Fig. 19. — Chorisoneura polita new species. Outline of dorsum of head and
pronotum of female (type). (X 6)
Fig. 20. — Chorisoneura polita new species. Subgenital plate of female (type).
Plate slightly tilted to show more of supra-anal plate. (Greatly
enlarged.)
Fig. 21. — Chorisoneura alhonervosa new species. \'entral aspect of apex of
abdomen of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 22. — Chorisoneura albonervosa new s])ecies. \'enation of tegmen of male
(type). (X4)
TR.\N'S. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
308 BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Plate XV
Fig. 23. — Chorisoneura pulcherrima new species. Outline of tegmen and por-
tion of wing of female {type). (X 5)
Fig. 24. — Chorisoneura pulcherrima new species. Outline and pattern of pro-
notum of female {type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 25. — Chorisoneura pulcherrima new species. Subgenital plate of female
(type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 26. — Chorisoneura tessellata new species. Venation of tegmen and por-
tion of wing of male (type). (X 4)
Fig. 27 .—Chorisoneura tessellata new species. Ventral aspect of apex of ab-
domen of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 28. — Chorisoneura lata new species. Outline of portion of wing of male
(type). (X4)
Fig. 29. — Chorisoneura lata new species. Outline of pattern of pronotum of
male (type). (X 6)
Fig. 30. — Chorisoneura lata new species. Ventral aspect of apex of abdomen
of male (type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 31. — Chorisoneura personata new species. Venation of tegmen and por-
tion of wing. ( X 5)
Fig. 32. — Metriomantis planicephala new .species. Cephalic aspect of head of
female (type). (X 3)
Fig. 33. — Metriomantis planicephala new species. Dorsal aspect of pronotum
of female (type). (X3)
Fig. 34. — Cardioptera minor new species. Dorsal aspect of pronotum of
female (type). (X 2)
Fig. 35. — Cardioptera minor new species. Median and caudal femora and
tibiae of female {type). (X2)
Fig. 36. — Pawotarsus insolitus new species. Lateral outline of head of female
{hjpc). (X5)
Fig. 37. — Paurotarsus insolitus new species. CephaHc margin of pronotal disk
of female {type). (Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 38. — Paurotarsus insolitus new species. Caudal tarsus of female {type).
(Greatly enlarged.)
Fig. 39. — Copiocera prasina new species. Dorsal view of fastigium of female
{type). (X5)
Fig. 40. — Copiocera prasina new species. Lateral outline of head of female
{type). (X3)
Fig. Al.—Sitalces madeirensis new species. Outline of tegmen and wing of
female {type). (X 2)
Fig. 42. — Nuciera elegantula new species. Dorsal outline of fastigium of
female {type). (X 5)
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY
309
CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD A MONOGRAPH OF THE
MUTILLIDAE AND THEIR ALLIES OF AMERICA
NORTH OF MEXICO
BY JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY
III. THE MUTILLIDAE OF THE EASTERN UNITED
STATES
A Key to the Genera and Subgenera of Mutillidae known
TO OCCUR IN THE EASTERN UNITED StATES
Males
1. Eyes deeply emarginate (2)
Eyes not deeply emarginate (3)
2. Petiole short, transverse, nearly cylindrical, not at all sessile with the second;
third to seventh dorsal segments with a median longitudinal keel.
Ephuta Say
Petiole enlarged at apex and sessile with the second segment, or nearly so;
dorsal segments without or only the last one with a median keel.
Mutilla Linnaeus, subgenus TimuUa Ashmead
3. Head transversely quadrate, the posterolateral angles carinate; petiole
enlarged posteriorly and sessile with the second segment. Color entirely
black . . Pseudomethoca Ashmead, subgenus Pseudomethoca Ashmead
Head sometimes very long behind the eyes, but with the postero-lateral
angles always rounded, never carinate (4)
4. Mandibles robust and of peculiar shape, forming with the concave clypeus
and labrum a basin, ' usually they are truncate and tridentate, sometimes
deflexed at apex and often with a deep notch on the inferior margin . . (5)
Mandibles slender and of normal shape, never with an external notch . . (7)
5. Ocelli very small, the posterior removed from the anterior by more than the
length of their longer diameter, and from the compound eyes by many
times the same (diurnal species) (6)
Ocelli large, the posterior removed from the anterior by not more than the
length of their longer diameter, and from the compound eyes by two or
three times the same (nocturnal species); mesosternum armed with a
ridge or process. Photopsis Blake, subgenus Odontophotopsis Vicreck
6. Mesosternum simple, unarmed.
Sphaerophthalma Blake, subgenus Sphaerophthalma Blake
Mesosternum armed with a pair of tubercles, carinae or peg-like jn'ocesses.
Sphaerophthalma Blake, subgenus Photomorphus \ iereck
1 There are many species in the western United States to which this charac-
terization is not applicable.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
310 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
7. Petiole not nodose, much widened toward the apex and sessile with the
second segment, which is but little wider than the apex of the petiole;
second ventral segment never carinate.
Pseudomethoca Ashmead, subgenus Xomiaephagus Ashmead
Petiole only slightly enlarged at apex, constricted before the base of the
second segment and often strongly nodose, the second segment much
wider than the apex of the petiole. If the latter is sessile, the second
ventral segment is carinate (8)
8. Second ventral segment with a longitudinal keel surmounted by a crest of
bristles Dasymutilla Ashmead, subgenus Bruesia Ashmead
Second ventral segment without a keel, but often with a pit filled with
bristles Dasymutilla Ashmead, subgenus Dasymutilla Ashmead
Females
1. Petiole evenly and greatly enlarged toward the apex,^ not at all constricted
but perfectly sessile with the second segment, which is not or but little
wider than its apex; front usually with a carina between the eyes and
the bases of the antennae (2)
Petiole constricted at its apex, which is not greatly, sometimes not at all
larger than the base; the second segment greatly wider than the first;
face rarely with a carina between the eyes and the bases of the antennae;
if so the postero-lateral angles of the head are carinate, or the insects are
large, densely yellow or scarlet and black tomentose (5)
2. Inferior angles of the temples with a sharp spine; postero-lateral angles of
head carinate; head very large, decidedly wider than the thorax; antennae
remote from one another at base; pygidium not defined.
Pseudomethoca Ashmead, subgenus Pseudomethoca Ashmead
Temples without a spine, sometimes with a posterior carina; postero-
lateral angles of head unarmed (3)
3. Eyes small and round, their width over .85 of their length (4)
Eyes elongate, triangularly oval, their width und^r .7 of their length; the
margin of the clypeus with a strongl}'^ arched median elevation, mar-
gined anteriorly and with median and two lateral teeth; front with a
carina between the antennae and the eyes; mandibles without a third
tooth within Mutilla Linnaeus, subgenus Timulla Ashmead
4. Front with a carina between the eyes and the antennae; the clypeus with a
transverse depressed basin above its margin, or its surface flat and smooth;
mandibles with a third tooth within.
Pseudomethoca Ashmead, subgenus rfomiacphagus Ashmead
Front devoid of carinae; mandibles without a third tooth within.
Photopsis Blake
5. A distinctly defined pygidial area present, either striate, granulate, or
rugose •. (7)
No definite pygidial area present (6)
2 This character does not apply to certain species of Pholopsis from the
western United States.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 311
6. First abdominal segment almost sessile with the second, distinctly widened
toward the apex, and fully as long as wide at the apex, without pubescence
except for a median apical tuft; antennae not quite touching one another
at base Sphaerophthalma Blake
First segment of the abdomen much smaller than the second, petiohform,
not widened toward the apex, transversely quadrate, entirely white
pubescent; antennae touching one another at base Ephuta Say
7. Pygidium granulate or longitudinally striate, except sometimes at apex;
mandibles without a third tooth within.
Dasymutilla Ashmead, subgenus Dasymutilla Ashmead
Pygidium rugulose; mandibles tridentate (often worn away).
Dasymutilla Ashmead, subgenus Bruesia Ashmead
Keys to the Species of Mutillidae known to occur in the
Eastern United States
PSEUDOMETHOCA Ashmead
Subgenus Pseudomethoca Ashmead
Males and Females
Only one eastern species. canadensis (Blake)
Subgenus Nomiaephagus Ashmead
Males
1. Ground color entirely coal-black, pubescence black and white or partially
fiery red (2)
At least the second abdominal segment of an orange color; pubescence
almost entirelj^ black, with a slight admixture of yellowish (3)
2. Each dorsal segment with an apical band of fiery red pubescence.
vanduzei n. sp.
Pubescence white, with a slight admixture of black, no red. geryon (Fox)
3. Clypeus narrowly notched at apex, with a very prominent papilliform tooth
on each side oceola (Blake)
Clypeus shallowly emarginate, with a weak angle at each side.
sanbornii (Cresson)
Females
1 . Head wider than the thorax, as wide behind the eyes as its width measured
from one extreme lateral extension of the eyes to the other; narrower
diameter of the eyes equal to .6 of the width of the temples behind
them (2)
Head no wider than the thorax; narrower diameter of the eyes equal to the
width of the temples behind them (3)
2. Pygidium transversely rugulose; posterior face of the propodeum at right
angles with the dorsal hippodamia (Fox)
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
312 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Pygidium longitudinally striate; posterior face of the propodeum at an
obtuse angle to the dorsal simillima (Smith)
3. Pygidium obliquely striated aetis (Fox)
Pygidium finely rugulose montivaga (Cresson)
DASYMUTILLA Ashmead
Subgenus Bruesia Ashmead
Males
The only eastern species of which the male is known is ... . bexar (Blake)
Females
The only eastern species of which the female is known is . . harmonia (Fox)
Subgenus Dasymutilla Ashmead
Males
1. Color entirely black, with white pubescence gibbosa (Say)
Color not entirely black (2)
2. Top of head, mesonotum, and scutellum with long, dense, scarlet or yel-
low pubescence (3)
Top of head, mesonotum, and scutellum with short, sparser, black pubes-
cence (^)
3. First and second dorsal segments with rather dense black pubescence,
remaining dorsal segments with dense, scarlet or yellow, long pubescence,
except sometimes for a transverse band of black pubescence, occupying
the fifth and parts of the fourth and sixth segments (4)
Abdomen dorsally with moderately dense black pubescence, except on the
apical half of the second segment where it is yellowish . . pyrrhus (Fox)
4. Punctuation of second dorsal segment sparse medially, so that the segment
is more or less shiny in that spot, ventrally the segment has rather even
strong punctures occidentalis (Linnaeus)
Punctuation of the second dorsal segment even throughout, ventrally the
punctures are not so strong or regular as in occidentalis; segment
three and the following usually with fulvous pubescence.
conianche (Blake)
5. Abdomen entirely red or yellowish, except the petiole, .obscura (Blake)
Abdomen black, except for the second and sometimes the third segment (6)
6. Pubescence of second dorsal segment black throughout (7)
Pubescence of second dorsal segment yellow or scarlet, at least in part (9)
7. Punctuation of first al)dominal segment unusually coarse and irregular;
propodeum coarsely reticulate (8)
Punctuation of first dorsal segment and reticulation of propodeum more
shallow and less coarse. (Al)errant individuals) castor (Blake)
8. Entire second and third abdominal segments red; legs, petiole, and venter
with erect white pubescence obscura (Blake)
Third abdominal segment and usually the second ventral, black; legs,
petiole, and venter with erect black pubescence canella (Blake)
JAMES CHESTER BRADLE\ 313
9. Second dorsal segment with long, scarlet, sometimes yellowish, puljes-
cence, except sometimes at base; petiole rugose, but shghtly enlarged
at apex, as seen from the sides neither gibbous nor strongly constricted
from the second segment macra (Cresson)
Second dorsal segment with short, sparse, usually orange hairs confined
to the apical half, the others black (10)
10. Petiole strongly nodose, and as seen from the side constricted before the
second segment, closely and coarsely punctured castor (Blake)
Petiole shorter and broader, as seen from the side not nodose, scarcely
constricted before the second segment, weakly and sparsely punctured.
lepeletierii (Fox)
Petiole short and broad, moderately nodose, very coarsely punctured.
agenor (Fox)
Fern ales'-
1. Lateral angles of the head prominent and carinate or tuberculate; pygidium
striate (2)
Lateral angles of the head rounded, neither carinate nor tuberculate . . (9)
2. Petiole transverse or quadrate, its posterior border almost truncate and
grossly punctured, as seen from the side it is only shghtly thickened
posteriorly and distinctly constricted from the second; second dorsal
segment medially sparsely punctate; hind angles of the head subrounded
and not prominently tuberculate rugulosa (Fox)
Petiole not quadrate, its posterior border strongly convex, without coarse
sculpture, as seen from the side strongly elevated posteriorly and not
appreciably constricted before the second segment; second dorsal uni-
formly closely pimctured (3)
3. Front with a delicate carina on each side extending from the base of the
antenna to the eye; head including the eyes, wider than the thorax,
its posterior margin nearly truncate, somewhat sinuous, its occipital face
with a transverse flattened tubercle at each lateral angle; the thorax
narrowed posteriorly; the caudal face of the propodeum sloping.
cariniceps (Fox)
Front without carinae between the eyes and the antennae; head no wider,
often narrower than the thorax, its posterior margin either strongly
concave or nearly truncate, in which case it has an oblique tubercle at
the angles; the caudal face of the propodeum almost at right angles to
the dorsum (4)
4. Lateral angles of the occiput witli an ()l)li(iu(' tubercle (8)
Lateral angles of the occiput without an obliciue tuliercle (5)
5. Margins of the head behind the eyes flaring outward to the very prominent
angles, which are one-third farther apart than the least distance be-
tween the eyes; base of the propodeum marked by a carina and
groove, sometimes more or less interrupted (6)
^ Chlamydala Melander, known only from Illinois, is omitted from this table
as I have not seen a specimen.
TRANf^. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
314 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Margins of the head converging posteriorly behind the eyes, the angles not
prominent, not over one-eighth farther apart than the least distance
between the eyes, sometimes less than this; propodeum not separated
from the thorax proper (7)
6. Propodeum with a transverse band of dense black pubescence; color claret-
brown, with a fringe of silvery pubescence at the apex of each abdominal
segment rubicunda n. sp.
• Propodeum without a pubescent band; color mars orange, with two large
mikado orange spots on the second dorsal segment; apex of the petiole
not pubescent, of the second dorsal segment black pubescent, the fol-
lowing three segments entirely griseous anguliceps (Fox)
7. Margins of the head behind the eyes scarcely converging posteriorly,
one-eighth wider than the least distance between the eyes; the posterior
margin of the head shallowly convex; the extreme width of the head,
including the eyes, equal to the width of the thorax chattahoochei n. sp.
Margins of the head behind the eyes strongly rounded inwards to the hind
angles, shghtly narrower than the least distance between the eyes;
posterior margin of the head deeply concave; head slightly wider than
the thorax arenerronea n. sp.
8. Color ferruginous (chestnut to Sanford's brown).
cypris (Blake), variety cypris (Blake)
Color rufo-piceous (between bay and black) .
cypris (Blake), variety miamensis (Rohwer)
9. A sharp carina on each side between the eye and the base of the antenna;
large tomentose species, scarlet or yellow and black, the abdomen
scarlet or yellow above, with a transverse black band beyond the
middle (10)
Front not carinate; smaller species, never densely tomentose and not
colored as above (H)
lO! Color bright scarlet (EngUsh red) occidentalis (Linnaeus)
Color yellow (raw sienna) comanche (Blake)
11. Pygidium evenly granulated obscura (Blake)
i- V Pygidium longitudinally striate (12)
12. Carina on venter of petiole reduced to an acute, recurved, anterior tooth,
totally wanting on the apical half of the petiole . . . f errugata (Fabricius)
Carina on venter of petiole extending its entire length, usually with both
an apical and basal production, neither acute nor recurved (13)
13. Head and thorax with conspicuous, appressed, red or yellowish pubescence;
front more closely punctured than the cheeks; legs ordinarily black.
vesta (Cresson), race zella Rohwer
Head and thorax without conspicuous, appressed pubescence; front sparsely
punctured like the cheeks; legs red, rarely dark sappho (Fox)
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 315
SPHAEROPHTHALMA Blake
Subgenus Sphaerophthalma Blake
Males
Black with the second abdominal segment yellow, the petiole and head above
sometimes slightly reddish.
pennsylvanica (Lepeletier), race scaeva Blake
Legs, apex of the first and second dorsal and all of the remaining abdominal
segments black; otherwise dark red.
pennsylvanica (Lepeletier), race pennsylvanica (Lepeletier)
Females
Only the one species and race is recognized in this sex.
pennsylTanica (Lepeletier), race pennsylvanica (Lepeletier)
Subgenus Photomorphus Viereck
Males
1. Head quadrate, the vertex behind the eyes very elongate; mesosternum
with a long peg-like process in front of each coxa. Entirely black.
banksi n. sp.
Head transverse, the vertex not elongate behind the eyes; posterior part of
mesosternum unarmed (2)
2. Mesosternal processes transverse blunt tubercles (3)
Mesosternal processes longitudinal denticulate carinae. . . .aloga (Viereck)
3. Vertex closely punctured; front rugose; propodeum with a double median
area at base; wings with a strong fuscous cloud in the region of the stigma;
head, thorax, and petiole entirely red, otherwise black . j ohnsoni (Viereck)
Vertex sparsely, front obsoletely, punctured, not rugose ; propodeum with-
out a median area; entirely black, except scuteUum and spot on propodeum
are reddish yellow rubroscutellata n. sp.
Fernales
The female sex of this subgenus remains unknown.
PHOTOPSIS Blake
Females
The subgeneric position of the only species of this genus known from the
Eastern States in the female sex is unknown myrmicoides (Cockerell)
Subgenus Odontophotopsis Viereck
Males
Petiole strongly nodose, much constricted at apex; mesosternal processes
are two transverse carinae paula n. sp.
Petiole but slightly nodose, not much constricted at apex, mesosternum with
two blunt, somewhat transverse, finger- like processes spinel n. sp.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
316 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
EPHUTA Say and MUTILLA Linnaeus, subgenus TIMULLA Ashmead
For keys to the species of these groups see the revisions of the North Ameri-
can species in the preceding pages.*
A List of the Species of Mutillidae Known to Occur in the
Eastern United States, with Indication of Their
Probable Sexual Equivalents^
We have now sufficiently extended and thorough collections
of Mutillidae from the Eastern States, with the exception of
Florida, to make tentative conclusions concerning the correla-
tion of the sexes possible. These conclusions as expressed in the
following table, are derived from a careful comparison of the
distribution of the several species, their relative abundance, local
abundance and association, etc. They fall short of being con-
clusive and I have therefore not amalgamated the names of the
species, but I am confident that they will eventually prove to
be in the main correct.
Males Females
Pseudomethoca Ashmead
(Pseudomethoca) Ashmead
canadensis (Blake) canadensis (Blake)
{N omiae-phagus) Ashmead
geryon (Fox) ? simillima (Smith)
sanbornii (Cresson) ? montivaga (Cresson)
? aetis (Fox)
oceola (Blake) hippodmnia (Fox)
vanduzei n. sp ?
Dasymutilla Ashmead
(Brucsia) Ashmead
bexar (Blake) harinonia (Fox)
(Dasymutilla) Ashmead
occidentalis (Linnaeus) occidentalis (Linnaeus)
Comanche (Blake) comanche (Blake)
pyrrhiis (Fox) ?
* These Transactions, xlii, pp. 192 to 193, 202 to 205.
6 Psammotherma ajax Blake, described from Florida, is supposed to be identi-
cal with Psammotherma Jlabellata Fabricius, and it is thought to have been
incorrectly reported from North America.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 317
agenor (Fox) ? anguliceps (Fox)
gibbosa (Say) cariniceps (Fox)
? chatiahoochei n. sp.
? rubicunda n. sp.
? arenerronea n. sp.
canella (Blake) riigulosa (Fox)
castor (Blake) cypris (Blake)
lepeletierii (Fox) ferrugata (Fabricius)
macra (Cresson) vesta (Cresson), race zella
Rohwer
? sappho (Fox)
obscvra (Blake) [scaevola (Blake)]
? chlamijdata (Melander)
Sphaerophthalma Blake
{SphoeropJdhahna) Blake
pennsylvanica \ race pennnjlvanica (Lepeletier) \ . . [balteola
(Lepeletier) \ race scaeva Blake / Blake]
{Photomorphus) Viereck
banksi n. sp ?
aloga (Viereck) ?
johnsoni (Viereck) ?
rubra scutellata n. sp ?
Photopsis Blake
? myrmicoides (Cockerell)
(Odontophotopsis) Viereck
paida n. sp ?
spinci n. sp ?
Mutilla Linnaeus
(Timtdla) Ashmead
briaxus (Blake) briaxus (Blake) [=dubitata
pars]
rufa Lepeletier rufa Lepeletier [ = dubitata
pars]
hexagona (Say) hexogona Say [=duhitata pars]
rufosignata Bradley ?
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
318 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAB
promethea (Blake) . . . : protnethea {B\sikc)[=dnhitata
pars]
floridensis (Blake) leuterpe (Blake)
ornatipennis Bradley ornatipennis Bradley
Ephuta Say
scrupea Say puteola (Blake) pars ?
pauxilla Bradley puteola (Blake) pars ?
battlei Bradley ?
slossonae (Fox) ?
A Review of the Distribution and Synonymy of the Species
of mutillidae known to occur in the eastern united
States.
In the following review the synonymy is noted only where it
differs from that given by Mr. Fox in his synopsis of the family.^
Pseudoxnethoca
Pseudomethoca (Pseudomethoca) canadensis Blake, cf, 9.
This is a common species of the Transition. Zone. It ranges
from the Canadian southward into the Carolinian and, at least
sparingly, into the Austroriparian Zone. The species is known
from Canada, is common in New England, New York, and the
Coastal Plain south to Virginia. Farther south it seems to be
very scarce. I have seen one specimen each from Georgia and
Texas, and two each from North Carolina and Florida. West-
ward I have seen specimens from Nebraska and Missouri.. The
southern records are as follows:
North Carolina: Lake Toxaway, 1 specimen, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), [Mrs.
A. T. Slosson]; Black Mountains, July, 1 9, (Wm. BeutenmuUer), [Amer.
Mus. Nat. Hist.]. Georgia: Spring Creek, Decatur County, 1 9 , (the author),
[Cornell Univ.]. Florida: Biscayne Bay, 2 specimens, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson),
[Mrs. A. T. Slosson]. Texas: 1 9, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Mr. Melander indicates that the species is common in Central
Texas, but it certainly is not in Georgia, where I have collected
Mutillidae over a considerable area.
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) geryon (Fox), cf.
1899. Mutilla geryon Fox, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 25: 225, d^.
1903. Mutilla henshawi Melander, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 29: 303, d'.
1910. Mutilla daeckei Rohwer, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12: 49, c?.
« Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1899,25: 219 to 292.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 319
Various individuals of this species from Falls Church, Xiv-
ginia, show cell R4 either wholly absent, partially enclosed, or
totally enclosed by traces of veins, as in Nomiaephagus.
I have examined the type of henshawi Melander in the Museum
of Comparative Zoology, and find it identical with this species.
The posterior ocelli are not rudimentary, as stated in the descrip-
tion of henshawi, but in the type specimen are as large as the
anterior one, concealed somewhat by an elevated portion of the
vertex, their plane being raised almost to the vertical. As in
the type of henshawi, the mandibles of many specimens are so
worn as not to show three teeth, while in others the two inner
ones are quite distinct.
I have not seen the type of daeckei Rohwer, but the only differ-
ence indicated in its description is in the amount of white pubes-
cence on the abdomen. A series of specimens of geryon shows
almost complete replacement of the white pubescence of the
dorsal segments, including the apical fringes, by black, as de-
scribed for daeckei.
It is possible that geryon is the male of siniillima.
Massachusetts: Forest Hills, August 31, 1898, (Mr. S. Henshaw), [Mus.
Comp. ZooL], and Woods Hole, August, 1900, (A. L. Melander), types of hen-
shawi. New York: Sea Cliff, Long Island, August, (N. Banks), [N. Banks].
New Jersey: Lucaston, August 27, 1905, and Bamber, September 1, 1905,
(E. Daecke, types of daeckei), [U. S. Nat. Mus.]. District of Columbia:
Washington, September 6, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. Virginia: Falls Church,
August 20, 21, 24, 27, 31, September 2, 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks], Septem-
ber 11, 14, 1915, (George M. Greene), [G. M. Greene]. Missouri: St. Louis,
August 28, 1876, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Type: Missouri, [American Entomok)gical Society.]
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) oceola (Blake), cf.
This seems to be a rare Lower Austral species. The Massa-
chusetts records given by Melander prol)ably apply to sanbornii
or another species. It is probal)ly the male of either hippodamia
or aetis.
Georgia: Albany, September 1, 1910, 1 9, and Bainbridge, September 3 to
7, 1910, (the author), [Cornell Univ.]. Florida: 1 cf, [Anier. Ent. Soc.].
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) hippodamia (Fox), 9 .
A rare Austroriparian species, pi'obably the female of the
preceding.
trans, am. ent. soc, XLII.
320 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Georgia: Bainbridge, September 3 to 7, 1910, (the author), [Cornell Univ.].
Alabama: 1 9, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Louisiana: Shi-eveport, 1 9, [N. Banks.];
3 9, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) aetis (Fox), 9 .
An Austroriparian species of consideraljle rarity.
North Carolina: Southern Pines, April 20, 1906, 1 9 , (S. W. Foster),
[Cornell Univ.]; same, April 22, 1913, 1 9, (A. H. Manee). Georgia: Oke-
fenokee Swamp, June, 1912, 2 9, (Cornell Univ. Exped.), [Cornell Univ.];
Spring Creek, Decatur County, June 7 to 23, 1911, (the author), [Cornell
Univ.]. Florida: Enterprise, March 30, May 10, [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.];
Lakeland, March 28, 1912; Hanover, March 10, 1 9 ; and 4 9 without other
than state record, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) montivaga (Cresson), 9 .
Occasional in tlie Transition and Carolinian zones.
New York: Amagansett, Long Island, August 10, 1912, 1 9, [Brooklyn
Museum]; Sea Cliff, Long Island, September, 1 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. New
Jersey: Andrews, May 13, (the author), [Cornell Univ.]. Virginia: Glen-
carlyn and Falls Church, 9 9 , (N. Banks and G. M. Greene), [N. Banks,
G. M. Greene, and Cornell Univ.]. Georgia: Austell, August 27, 1910, (the
author), [Cornell Univ.].
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) sanhornii (Blake), cf-
This is probably the male of montivaga or simillima.
Massachusetts: [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. New Jersey: [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Dis-
trict OF Columbia: [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Virginia: Falls Church and Chain
Bridge, 6 d', (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. Georgia: Okefenokee Swamp, June,
1912, 1 cf , (Cornell Univ. Exped.), [Cornell Univ.]. Alabama: 3 cf, [Amer.
Ent. Soc.].
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) simillima (Smith), 9 ■
A rather common Carolinian and Austroriparian species,
probably the female of the preceding.
Massachusetts: Chicopee, 1 9, [Cornell Univ.]. New York: Central
Park, Long Island, July, 1 9 , [Brooklyn Mus.]; Promised Land, Long Island,
June 1, 1913, 1, 9 , (G. P. Engelhardt), [G. P. Engelhardt]; Wyandanch, Long
Island, May, 1 9. New Jersey: Andrews, May 13, (the author), [Cornell
Univ.]; Lakehurst, 1 9, [Brooklyn Mus.]; Wenonah, June 6, 1915,2 9, (G.
M. Greene), [G. M. Greene]. District of Columbia: Washington, September
6, 1 9 , (N.Banks), [N.Banks]. Virginia: Falls Church, Glencarlyn, Great Falls,
April 28 to September 12, 50 9 (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. North Carolina:
Southern Pines, March 10, 1909, 1 9, (A. H. Manee). Georgia: Clayton,
June, 1909, 1 9, and Rabun County, July 1910, 3 9 , (W. T. Davis), [W. T.
Davis]; Tallulah Falls, June 19 to 25, 1909, 1 9 (the author), [Cornell Univ.];
Austell, Aug. 27, 1910, 1 9 , (the author), [Cornell Univ.]; Spring Creek, Decatur
County, June 7 to 23, 1911, 1 9, (the author), [Cornell Univ.]. Florida: 5
9, [Amer.-Ent. Soc.]; Ormond, 1 9 , (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), [Mrs. A. T. Slosson].
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 321
Pseudomethoca (Nomiaephagus) vanduzei n. sp.
(^ . Entirely coal-black, with short and sparse white pubescence, this brown-
ish on the front, vertex, and dorsum; the second and all following dorsal seg-
ments with close, erect, and at the apex very dense, decumbent, flame-scarlet
pubescence; wings deeply fuscous. Length, 14 mm.
Vertex sparsely, front rugosely, punctured, the latter obscured by vestiture;
clypeus short, broad, polished, hairy, the anterior margin i)roduced medially
into a broad, short, bisinuate lobe, the sides of which are thickened; mandibles
bidentate at apex, a carina from the inner tooth to the condyle; maxillary
palpi compressed. Anterior surface of the scape concave, bicarinate; third
segment subquadrate, shorter than the fourth.
Thorax anteriorly rounded, no line between the anterior and dorsal faces of
the pronotum, the humeri entirely rounded; dorsum rather closely, somewhat
irregularly punctate; mesopleura prominent, punctate; metapleura sunken,
impunctate, polished; propodeum rather coarsely reticulate, wdth two elongate
basal areas. The cell R4 closed by a color line.
Abdomen slender, the first segment widened at apex and entirely sessile
with the second, which widens comparatively little toward the apex; petiole
without a noticeable ventral carina or tooth, sparsely, its disc not at all, punc-
tate; second segment sparsely punctate; no pygidial area.
Type.— Clearwater, Florida, April 29, 1908, (E. P. VanDuzee),
[American ]\Iuseum of Natural History].
I take pleasure in dedicating this species to its collector, my
good friend, Mr. E. P. VanDuzee. Its brilliant scarlet pubes-
cence and shiny black ground color lend it a magnificence that is
scarcelj^ approached by any other North American mutillid, and
readily distinguish it from anj^ known species.
Despite its bidentate mandibles there can be no doubt, from
its other characters, of this being a true Nomiaephagus, not dis-
tantly removed from such species as aegeon Fox.
Dasjmiutilla
Dasymutilla (Bruesia) harmonia (Fox), 9 .
An always scarce species of the Carolinian and Austroriparian
zones.
New Jersey: Lakehurst, 1 9. Pennsylvani.\. Virginia: Falls Church
and Great Falls, May 30 to September 12, 8 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks].
North C.\rolina: Hot Springs, 1 9 , (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), [Mrs. A. T. Slosson].
Georgia: Okefenokee Swamp, June, 1912, 2 9 , (Cornell Univ. Exp.), [Cornell
Univ.]; Spring Creek, Decatur County, June Z to 23, 1911, 1 9, (the author),
[Cornell Univ.]. Florida: Fort Myers, 1 9 , and Punta Gorda, November 13,
1911, 1 9, (W. T. Davis), [W. T. Davis]; Atlantic Beach, 1 9, (Mrs. A. T.
Slosson), [Mrs. A. T. Slosson]; Belleair, 1 9, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), [Mrs. A.
T. Slosson.].
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
322 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
The male of this species is prett}^ certainl}' hexar. Mr. S. A.
Rohwer'^ has described the supposed male, basing his conclusion
upon the fact that he had received a male and a female pinned
together. I have examined these specimens, and while the
female is a true harmonia, the male is a castor. The collector
from whom Mr. Rohwer received his specimens, while a close and
careful observer, is accustomed at times to pin females with males
which he suspects of belonging to each other, even though he has
not actually found them in copulation, as I have learned in con-
nection with specimens received from him. In this connection
it should be noted that the males of castor have tridentate mandi-
bles unless they are too much worn to display the three teeth.
Dasymutilla (Bruesia) bexar (Blake), c?.
Eciuivalent in distribution and scarcity to the preceding, of
which it is doubtless the male.
Virginia: Falls Church, September 14, 1915, 1 cf , (G. M. Greene), [G. M.
Greene]; Falls Church, July 21 and August 30, 4 cf , Glencarlyn, July 26, 1 cf ,
(N. Banks), [N. Banks]. Georgia: Billy's Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June,
1912, 2 d', (Cornell Univ. Exp.), [Cornell Univ.]. Florida: Marco, 1 cT,
(W. T. Davis), [W. T. Davis].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) occidentalis (Linnaeus).
This is a very common species of the Carolinian and Austro-
riparian zones from Long Island to Florida and southwest ward.
The following is probably only a variety.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) comanche (Blake).
This is probably a variety of the preceding, occurring with it
in the extreme southern part of its range.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) pyrrhus (Fox), cf.
A rare species known only from central and more especially
subtropical Florida.
Florida: Tampa, May 2, 1908, 1 cf , (E. P. VanDuzee), [Cornell Univ.];
Long Boat Key near Sarasota, August 14, 1910, 1 c?, (the author), [Cornell
Univ.]; La Belle, April 27, 1912, 1 cf , (W. T. Davis); Gulfport, (Reynolds),
[N. Banks]; Clearwater, May 1, 1908, 1 cf, (E. P. VanDuzee) and Indian
River, 1 cf , [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.]; Enterprise, May 11, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
DasymutUla (Dasymutilla) gibbosa (Say), cf-
Massachusetts: Springfield, 1 cf, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Connecticut.
New York: Ithaca, July 27, 1886, 1 cf , [Cornell Univ.]; Sea Cliff, Long Island,
' Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1912, 41 : 455.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 323
July 23, 1874, 1 d", (H. F. Bassett), [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Illinois: [Amer. Ent.
Soc.].
This is not a cominon species. It seems to belong to the
Transition region, extending sKghtly into the Carolinian. It is
one of the few Mutillidae occurring around Ithaca, New York,
and is absent from the veiy extensive collections made by Mr.
Banks at Falls Church and elsewhere in Virginia. The same
distribution holds for cariniceps, which also occurs at Ithaca
and is apparently absent from Falls Church. This parallelism
in distribution applying to these two species, and to no others
closely related, leads me to suspect that they are the opposite
sexes of one species.
Fox's record "Texas" is based on a misidentification. The
specimen on which the record was based is in the collection of the
American Entomological Society, and has its mandibles deeply
notched externally. It does not belong to his group occidentalis.
A single specimen from "Mexico" in the same collection appears
to be a true gibbosa, and therefore Texas may eventually be in-
cluded in the range of the species. A specimen referred to by
Melander from "Pennsylvania" in the Museum of Comparative
Zoology is certainly not this species, as my notes show that the
clypeus is flat, not distincth^ punctured, medially polished, its
apex neither thickened nor emarginate. Until I can again see
the specimen, I cannot state what it is.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) cariniceps (Fox), 9 .
1912. Dasymutilla scrobinaia Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41: 462, 9 .
Massachusetts: Great Barrington, July 24, 1910, 1 9, (G. P. Engelhardt),
[G. P. Engelhardt]. Connecticut: (type of scrohinata) . New Yokk: Ithaca,
June 23, 1908, 1 9 , August 7, 1889, 1 '9 , (N. Banks), [Cornell Univ.]; Ithaca,
2 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]; Sea Cliff, Long Island, 1 9, (N. Banks), '[N.
Banks]. Pennsylvania: Delaware Water Gap, 1 9, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson).
New Jersey. Illinois: {scrobinaia).
As indicated above, this is probably the female of gibbosa. I
have examined the type of scrobinaia Rohwer, and find that it
belongs to this species.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) anguliceps (Fox), 9 .
This spcH'ies is still known only from the unique type from
Illinois.
trans, am. ent. soc, xlii.
324 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) agenor (Fox), cf .
Illinois: type in the collection of the American Entomological
Society. Possibly the male of the preceding.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) chattahoochei n. sp.
9 . Mahogany red; flagellum, tips of the segments of the legs, base and apex
of the second dorsal segment, and all the following segments infuscated; head,
.dorsum, and second dorsal segment with sparse, erect and appressed, black
pubescence, the latter also with appressed yellow pubescence; remaining seg-
ments and apex of the second covered with sparse silvery pubescence, inter-
rupted medially on the second by dense black pubescence.
Head seen from above and in front with the sides convex, the widest part
broadly interrupted by the prominent eyes, behind which tlie sides converge
to the sharp but nevertheless obtuse hind angles; posterior border shallowly
concave; the carinate hind angles removed from the eyes by one-half the long
diameter of the latter (.58 mm.); front closely, vertex and genae sparsely, punc-
tate. First segment of the flagellum longer than the second, but distinctly
shorter than the two following united.
Width of head including the eyes, 1.9 mm., at the hind angles, 1.37 mm., of
the thorax, 1.73 mm.; length of the dorsum, 2.45 mm., to the scutellar scale,
2.01 mm. Thorax with convex margins, slightly tapered posteriorly, humeral
angles moderately sharp; caudal face of propodeum vertical only at apex,
broadly rounded into the dorsal, its surface rasped.
Petiole short, widened posteriorly, its basal angles strongly dentate, seen
from the side it is much elevated posteriorly, not constricted before the second
segment, that segment very long and comparatively slender, 2.98 mm. long
by 2.3 mm. wide at the widest point, which is well toward the apex, the petiole
1 mm. long; petiole with a thin, translucent, median, ventral keel, not toothed;
pygidium strongly longitudinally striate, the edges not reflexed.
Type material. — Holotype: Bainbriclge, Georgia, July 15 to 27,
1909, (the author), [Cornell University, No. 114.1]; two paratopo-
types: June 2, 1911 and September 3 to 7, 1910, (the author),
[Cornell Univ.]; six paratypes: Spring Creek, Decatur County,
Georgia, June 7 to 23, 1911, (the author), and June 16 to 29,
1912, (Cornell University Expedition); one paratype: Southern
Pines, North CaroHna, June 14, 1911, (A. H. Mance), [Cornell
Univ.].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) arenerronea n. sp.
9 . Color chestnut, the apical portion of the second dorsal segment orange-
rufous; pubescence inconspicuous and sparse; the second dorsal segment with
decumbent black hairs, over the orange spot with yellow hairs; the apical seg-
ment rather densely covered with yellowish pubescence. Length, 6 nmi.
Head transverse, strongly narrowed behind the eyes, convex in front and
strongly concave behind, the lateral angles sharp, rectangular, subcarinate;
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 325
eyes prominently gibbous, intersecting near their bases the outhnc of the head
as seen from above or in front; vertex sparsely, forehead more closely but not
coarsely, punctate; no carinae between the eyes and the antennae. Third
antennal segment shorter than the fourth and fifth united.
Thorax slender, narrowed posteriorly, slightly contracted at the spiracles,
the humeral angles not sharp; caudal face of the propodeum vertical, rounded
above and laterally into the thorax.
Petiole with a thin carina beneath; second segment long and tapered at base;
pygidium striate.
Type material. — Holotype: St. Petersburg, Florida, August 12,
1910, (the author), [Cornell Univ. No. 115.1]; paratype: Cedar
Keys, Florida, June 4, [American Entomological Society].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) rubicunda n. sp.
9 . Claret brown, the legs and antennae black; a transverse band of black
pubescence at the tip of the dorsum; petiole, second, third, fourth, and fifth
segments with an apical band of silvery pubescence, interrupted medially on
the second dorsal; this segment with a medial covering of appressed black
hairs, replaced by white at the sides; elsewhere the pubescence is sparse and
inconspicuous.
Seen from above the sides of the head are straight, parallel, broadh^ inter-
rupted by the very prominent bead-like eyes, behind which they do not con-
verge, but meet the somewhat concaved posterior border at an acute angle;
these angles sub-alate, removed from the eyes by one-half (.11 mm.) the longer
diameter of the latter (.21 mm.); head on the front and vertex stronglj- closely
punctate, beneath the eyes sparsely but coarsely punctate; front without
carinae between the antennae and the eyes. Scape coarsely punctate; first seg-
ment of the flagellum long, slightly exceeding the following two taken together.
Width of the head including the eyes, 2.45 mm., at the hind angles, 2.04 mm.,
of the thorax, 2.59 mm. (this just behind the tegulae). Length of the dorsum,
3.6 mm., to the scutellar scale 2.88 nun.; the sides convex, slightly narrowed
behindj the humeral angles fairly sharp; caudal smiace vertical but broadly
rounded into the dorsal.
Petiole as seen from above widened posteriorly, from the side strongly ele-
vated posteriorly, not much constricted before the second, greatly smaller
than the base of the same, its ventral carina weak with a rounded anterior
lobe; second dorsal closely punctate; pygidium evenly and strongly longitudi-
nally striate, its margins reflexed.
Type. — Gulf port, Florida, June, (Reynolds). Collection of
Nathan Banks.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) rugulosa (Fox), ? .
? 1903. MidUla infensa Melander and Brues, Biol. Bull., p. 24, 9 •
So far as collections or my experience show this is a rare species
of restricted distribution within the northern limits of the Caro-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XUI.
326 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
linian zone. Fox states that it is not uncommon in southern
New Jersey. Venturing a guess, from distribution and ehmina-
tion, it may be the male of canella. Melander definitely unites
it with canella but without stating his reasons.
Massachusetts: Woods Hole. New York: Sea Cliff, Long Island, July,
3 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. New Jersey: Westville, August 30, 1 9 , (the
author), [Cornell Univ.]; Clifton, August 11, 1912, 1 9, (G. M. Greene),
[G. M. Greene].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) canella (Blake), c?.
Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, July, 1912, 2 &, (Carl Ilg), [Cornell Univ.].
New Jersey: Westville, June 13, 1901, (H. L. Viereck), [Amer. Ent. Soc.];
Gloucester County, 1 cf , [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Texas: 1 <f. Nebraska: 1 d'.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) cypris (Blake), 9 •
1871. Mulilla (S phaerophthalma) mutata Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:
247, 9.
1912. Dasymutilla mutata miainensis Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41:
462, 9.
1912. DasTjmvtilla allardi Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41: 463, 9 .
This is one of the most common eastern species in the Carolin-
ian and Austroriparian zones from Massachusetts to Florida.
It is known to extend westward to Colorado. It varies greatly in
both color and size. Some specimens from southern Georgia and
Florida are of a rufo-piceous color, with or without indistinct
pale spots on the second dorsal segment, and with very dark or
almost ])lack legs. To these Mr. S. A. Rohwer has given the
varietal name miamensis.
The presence of four orange spots on the second dorsal segment
is a prevailing characteristic of this species, but they sometimes
are reduced to two, or altogether wanting.
Dasymutilla allardi Rohwer, of which I have examined the
type, can hardly be looked upon as other than an individual
variation of this common and variable species. It differs from
the usual form in having the hook on the under side of the petiole
slightly notched at tip, although confined to the anterior part of
the segment and otherwise as in typical cypris.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) castor (Blake), c?.
1912. Pycnomutilla harmonia Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41: 455, cf.
This is the most common species known in the male sex in the
eastern United States, inhabiting the Carolinian and Austrori-
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 327
parian zones from Massachusetts to southern Florida. West-
'<v^ard it is known to Illinois, Oklahoma and Texas. I suspect
that there are two or even three closely allied species included
under the name castor, and hope to determine this point 'at a
later date. Castor is most probably the male of cypris and may
also include the male of sappho.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) ferrugata (Fabricius), 9 .
1910. MuiiUa lieredd Rohwer, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12: 49, 9 .
1912. Dasymutilla Jernujata var. hallabetei Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41:
456, 9.
1912. Dasymutilla georgiana Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41 : 456, 9 .
1912. Dasxjimdilla plesia Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41 : 456, 9 .
A common species of the Carolinian and Austroriparian zones
from Massachusetts to southern Florida, westward to Nebraska
and Arizona.
I have examined a large series from the eastern coastal states
from Long Island to Florida, and find a surprising amount of
variation in size, color, and structure. No line can be drawn
between these, although the extremes are very different. Some
individuals from Florida are so large and densely pubescent as to
suggest occidentalis in appearance, and in these the eyes are less
strongly gibbous, and the width of the thorax is from .17 to .30
in excess of the extreme width of the head, including the eyes.
There is a more or less gradual increase in the prominence of the
eyes, until the extreme represented by georgiana Rohwer is
reached. There is great but gradual reduction in general size,
and the reduction is not paralleled with an equal reduction in the
size of the head, so that we find the smaller individuals with the
thorax no wider than the head, eyes included, and this proportion
ranging to an excess of .3, as shown in the following measurements
of 33 specimens, given in millimeters.
th of head
iding eyes.
Width of
thorax.
Approx.
excess
of latter.
Width of head
including eyes.
Width of
thorax.
Approx.
excess
of latter.
3.24
4.18
.3
2.23
2.45
.09
3.00
4.
.3
2.23
2.45
.09
3.00
4.
.3
2.30
2.52
.09
3.00
3.96
.29
2.27
2.37
.05
2.95
3.75
.27
1.87
1.94
.04
3.02
3.6
.19
2.08
2.08
.0
TR.\NS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
328
NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
Width of head
including eyes.
Width of
thorax.
Approx.
excess
of latter.
Width of head
including eyes.
Width of
thorax.
Approx
e..cess
of latter
2.67
3.16
.19
2.08
2.08
.0
2.81
3.31
18
2.01
2.01
.0
2.74
3.24
18
2.05
2.01
-.02
2.70
3.24
18
1.91
1.87
-.02
2.37
2.81
18
2.01
1.94
-.03
2.50
2.88
18
1.94
1.87
-.03
2.74
3.16
16
1.87
1.80
-.04
2.67
3.09
16
1.87
1.80
-.04
2.37
2.74
15
1.87
■ 1.80
-.04
2.81
3.16
13
1.94
1.84
-.05
2.30
2.60
13
The male of this species is probably lepeletierii. Southern
specimens often have the legs red, or partially so, and such have
been designated by Mr. S. A. Rohwer variety halahetei. I have
examined the types of vierecki, georgiana and plesia.
Dasymutilla (DasymutUla) lepeletierii (Fox), cf.
1912. Pycnomutilla harmoniiformis Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41: 455,
This is probably the male of ferrugata and is definitely united
with it by Mr. Melander, who does not state his reasons.
New York: Yaphank, Long Island, July 4, 1 cf; Wading River, Long
Island, 1 d", [Brooklyn Museum]. New Jersey: Lakehurst, [Brooklyn
Museum]; Ocean County, 3 c?, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]; Jamesburg, July 2, 2 d',
(Mrs. A. T. Slosson), [Mrs. A. T. Slosson]. Pennsylvania. Maryland: Bay
Ridge, 1 cf , (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. North Carolina: Nance, June 16,
1906, (S. W. Foster), [Cornell Univ.]. Georgia: Billy's Island, Okefenokee
Swamp, June, July, 1912, 3 cf, (Cornell Univ. Exped.), [Cornell Univ.];
Bainbridge, July 15 to 27, 1909 (the author), [Cornell Univ.]; Spring Creek,
Decatur County, July 16 to 29, 1912, 4 cf , (Cornell Univ. Exped.), [Cornell
Univ.]. Florida: Apalachicola, July 21 to 23, 1909, 2 cf, (the author),
[Cornell Univ.]; Lanark, July 20, 1909, 1 cf , (the author), [Cornell Univ.].
It is an interesting fact that neither ferrugata nor lepeletierii
are represented in the extensive collection of Mutillidac made by
Mr. Nathan Banks at East Falls Church, Virginia, although each
are represented by a single specimen caught in neighboring
localities.
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) vesta Cresson, race zella Rohwer, 9 .
1910. Mutilla zella Rohwer, Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 12: 50, 9 .
1912. Dasymutilla ferrugatella Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41 : 458, 9 .
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 329
1912. Dasymittilln coloradella virginica Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41:
459, 9.
1912. Dasymutilla segregata segregata Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41 : 459,
9.
1912. Dasymutilla segregata finni Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41:459,
9.
1912. Dasymutilla champlaini Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41: 461, 9 .
1912. Dasymutilla Carolina Rohwer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 41 : 462, 9 .
The eastern specimens of vesta differ from the western ones by
being much less pubescent and lacking the upright sparse white
hairs. As this difference is apparently a constant geographical
one, it may be recognized as an eastern race, under the name
zella bestowed upon it by Mr. Rohwer.
The species is very variable in the form of its petiolar carina.
Typically this is bidentate, but the posterior tooth may be re-
duced or wanting, thus approaching the condition found in
ferrugata. There is, however, in vesta almost always a remnant
of the carina on the posterior part of the petiole, wanting in
ferrugata, and the anterior tooth while of a somewhat variable
shape, is not a definitely shaped, acute, recurved tooth as in
ferrugata.
I have examined the types of the seven species and varieties
listed above, and find them all variations of vesta. Carolina is
based on a single specimen with abbreviated striation of the
pygidium, but I can only look upon it as abnormal in this respect.
The species is rather common in the Carolinan and Austro-
riparian zones from Massachusetts and eastern New York to
Georgia. In South Georgia and Florida it is largely, if not
entirely, replaced by the very closely allied sappho, which may
indeed be only a race.
As suggested by Fox, vesta is probably the female of macra.
Both, especially the male, were represented in greater numbers
than I would have expected in the collections made by Mr. Banks
in eastern Virginia.
Mutilla (Dasymutilla) macra (Cresson), cf .
New York: Amagansett, Long Island, August 10, 1912, 1 cf , [Brooklyn
Museum]; Sea Qiff, July, 1 c?', (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. New Jersey.
M.\ryland: Great Falls, July 13, 1 cf, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. Virginia:
Glencarlyn and Falls Church, July 12, to September 14, 22 o^, (N. Banks and
G. M. Greene), [collections of same.]. North Carolina: Southern Pines,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
330 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
August 9, 1911, 1 cf, (A. H. Manee), [Cornell Univ.]. Georgia: Toccoa,
August 15, 1 &, (the author), [Cornell Univ.]; Atlanta, July 6, 1909, 1 <^,
(the author), [Cornell Univ.]; Spring Creek, Decatur County, July 16 to 29,
1912, 1 cf, (Cornell Univ. Exped.), [Cornell Univ.]. Illinois: Algonquin,
4 d", [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) sappho (Fox), 9.
This species is a close ally, if not indeed a race, of vesia, replac-
ing it in southern Georgia and Florida. The male is unknown,
but may be involved in castor.
Georgia: Unadilla, June 25, 1910, 1 9, (the author), [Cornell Univ.]; St.
Simon's Island, April 22 to May 12, June 3, 3 9 , (the author), [Cornell Univ.];
Cumberland Island, April 29, 2 9, (the author), [Cornell Univ.]; Bainbridge,
June, 1911, and Spring Creek, Decatur County, 7 9 , (the author), [Cornell
Univ.]. Florida: Marco, April 18, 1912, 2 9, (W. T. Davis); Ft. Myers,
March 31, 1912, 2 9, (W. T. Davis); Lakeland, August 16, 1910, 1 9, (the
author), [Cornell Univ.]; Lakeland, 1 9, and Marco, 1 9, (W. T. Davis),
[W. T. Davis]; Punta Gorda, November 14, 1911; Sanford, April 30, 1908, 1 9 ,
(E. P. VanDuzee), [Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.]; Indian River, 2 9, [Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist.]; Capron and Lake Worth, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]; Biscayne Bay, Lake
Worth, 5 9, (Mrs. A. T. Slosson), [Mrs. A. T. Slosson]. Louisiana: New
Orleans, August 6, 1915, 1 9, (Rehn and Hebard), [G. M. Greene].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) obscura (Blake), cf, 9.
1871. Mutilla {Sj^hacrophlhabna) scaevola Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc.
3:247, 9.
I associate scaevola with obscura on the authority of Mr. Me-
lander, who states that the Rev. Mr. Birkmann has been able to
definitely associate them as sexes of one form. Eastern speci-
mens of the female differ from the western ones in the absence of
the sparse upright white and reddish pubescence, and by having
darker colored legs. The female recorded by Mr. Melander from
Massachusetts, in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, proves
to be a specimen of cypris.
So far as the eastern states are concerned the species is confined,
so far as known, to the Carolinan Zone, from Long -Island to the
mountains of northern Georgia, and is scarce.
Males. Virginia: Falls Church and Great Falls, July 6 to August 2, 16 c?',
(N. Banks), [N. Banks]. North Carolina: 1 cf , [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Ken-
tucky: 1 cf, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Georgia: Tallulah Falls, Rabun Countj^,
June 19 to 25, 1909, 2 cf , (the author), [Cornell Univ.].
Females. New York: Grecnport, Long Island, August 3, 1915, 1 9 , (G. P.
Engelhardt), [G. P. Engclhardt]; \\'ading River, Long Island, 1 9, [Brooklyn
Museum]. Virginia: Falls Church, Great Falls and Glencarlyn, July 8 to
September 11, 11 9, (N. Banks & G. M. Greene), [collections of the .same).
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 331
Georgia: Clayton, Rabun County, July, 1910, 3 9 , (W. T. Davis), and Rabun
County, June, 1909, 1 9 , (W. T. Davis), [^Y. T. Davis and Cornell Univ.].
Dasymutilla (Dasymutilla) chlamydata (Melander), 9.
1903. Muiilla chlamydata Melander, 'I'rans. Anier. Ent. Soc., 29: 299, 9 .
This species, described from Illinois, is unknown to me.
Sphaerophthalma Blake
Sphaerophthalma (Sphaerophthalma) pennsylvanica Lcpeletier, cf , 9 .
1871. Mvtilla {SpJiaerophlhalma) scaeca Blake, '^I'rans. Amer. Ent. Soc, 3:
232, cf.
1871. Muiilla {Sphaerophthalma) balteola Blake, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc,
3:248, 9.
I see no reason for treating .scaeva as other than a nortliern
black form of pennsylvanica, which occurs in the extreme south,
and like so many southern Hymenoptera, has its black colors
largely replaced by red. Balteola is unquestionably the female,
and in that sex there is no noticeable difference between the
northern and southern forms.
Males. Race pejinsylvanica. North Carolina: 1 cf, [Amer. Ent. Soc].
Georgia: Rabun County, July, 1910, 1 &, (W. T. Davis), [W. T. Davis];
Spring Creek, Decatur County, July 16 to 29, 1912, and Billy's Island, Oke-
fenokee Swamp, June, 1912, 3 cf , (Cornell Univ. Exp.), [Cornell Univ.]. Flor-
ida: Crescent City, April 23, 1908, 1 d", (E. P. VanDuzec), [Amer. AIus. Nat.
Hist.]; 2 cf , [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Texas.
Males. Race acaeva. Pennsylvania: Rock\'ille, July 5, 1915, 1 cf , (G. M.
Greene), [G. M. Greene]; 2 cf [Amer. Ent. Soc]. Virginia: Falls Clim-ch,
Great Falls, Glencarlyn, June 27 to September 7, 30 cf , (N. Banks), [rs. Banks
.and Cornell Univ.].
Females. Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, June 18, 1 9, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Virginia: Falls Church, 5 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]; Great Falls, June 27,
1915, 1 9, (G. M. Greene), [G. M. Greene]. Georgia: Rabun County, July,
1910, 2 9, (W. T. Davis), [W. T. Davis and Cornell Univ.]; Spring Creek,
Decatur County, June 7 to 23, 1911, 1 9 , (the author), [Cornell Univ.]; Billy's
Island, Okefenokee Swamp, June, 1912, 1 9, (Cornell Univ. Exp.), [Cornell
Univ.]. Texas. -
Sphaerophthalma (Photomorphus) banks! n. sp.
cf . Coal-black, with erect white jiubescence, mixed with shorter, decum-
bent, brown pubescence on the mesonotum and second dorsal segment; wings
slightly clouded, more so beyond the venation. Length, 7.5 to 11.5 mm.
Head very large, as seen from above cjuadrate, the corners rounded, widest
behind the eyes, where it is as wide as the thorax with the tegulae included;
eyes small, very remote from the hind margin of the head, the temples being
far broader than the eyes; head coarsely and closely punctured, rugose on the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
332 " NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
front; ocelli minute, the posterior pair .08 mm. in diameter, .78 mm. or nine
times as far from the eyes; face and clypeus with a raised, polished, and impunc-
tate triangle with its apex between the antennae; the depressed sides of the
face polished and impunctate; margins of the clypeus with a slight emargination ;
mandibles exceedingly robust and awry, a large tooth on the lower margin
near the base. Scape hirsute, with a longitudinal keel; third segment longer
than the pedicel, two-thirds as long as the fourth.
Pronotum, mesonotum, and scutellum coarsely, closely punctate, side pieces
of pronotum with a .sharp anterior carina; anterior portion of mesosternum on
each side of the median line with a large rounded swelling, not carinate; just
in front of the middle coxae is a high triserrate peg-like process on each side of
the mesosternum; propodeum coarsely reticulate, with a poorly defined
double basal area.
Petiole rather long and very trongly gibbous, constricted from the second,
the posterior part being almost at right angles to the dorsal surface, weakly
and sparsely punctured; second dorsal segment with sparse small punctures,
its apex and that of the remaining segments closely punctulate and bearing
numerous long white hairs; pygidium closely punctulate; the venter unarmed,
its last segment broad, slightly concave and closely evenly punctate.
Type material. — Holotype: Falls Church, Vh-ginia, July 21,
(N. Banks), [Cornell Univ. No. 107.1]; six paratopotypes: June
14, July 4, 6, 28, August 30, one paratype from Great Falls,
Virginia, July 7, (N. Banks), [paratypes in the collections of N.
Banks, Amer. Ent. Soc. and Cornell Univ.]. One paratype taken
on Ceanothus.
The very long head of this species and the peg-like processes
on the mesosternum abundantly distinguish it from all known
species. The only other described totally black species is quin-
Hlis Viereck.
Sphaerophthalma (Photomorphus) aloga (Viereck), cf.
1903. Photomorphus alogus Viereck, Ent. News, 14: 251, d^.
Georgia: Tifton, 1 c?, [Amer. Ent. Soc.].
Sphaerophthalma (Photomorphus) johnsoni (Viereck), d^.
1903. Photomorphus johnsoni Viereck, Ent. News, 14:249, cT.
New Jersey: Riverton, [Amer. Ent. Soc.]. Virginia: Falls Chvn-ch, July
4, 10, 2 9, (N. Banks), [N. Banks]. North Carolina: Southern Pines,
May 23, 1911, 1 d', (A. H. Manee).
Sphaerophthalma (Photomorphus) rubroscutellata n. sy).
cf. Black, the head above the eyes stained reddish, the scutellum, post-
scutellum, and apex of the propodeum reddish yellow; clothed with sparse,
erect, white hairs, more abundant and longer on the apical part of the abdomen,
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 333
brown on the front, vertex, mesonotum, and second and sixth dorsal segments;
wings hyahne, shghtly infuscated apically, darkest below the stigma; stigma
and veins piceous. Length, 5.5 mm.
Head sparsely punctate, somewhat rugosely above the antennae; clypeus
flat, impunctate, the anterior margin slightly jiroduced mcsally, subtruncate;
mandibles deeply notched and with a large tooth beneath.
Pronotum closely, shallowlj', mesonotum more sparsely, scutelluni rugosely,
punctate; propodeum shallowly reticulate, with two small ill-defined basal
areas.
Petiole nodose obsoletely sparsely punctulate; second dorsal very sparsely
punctulate.
Type.— Falls Church, Virginia, July 10, (N. Banks), [N. Banks].
Photopsis Blake
Photopsis myrmicoides (Cockerell), 9 .
Virginia: Falls Church, July 4 to September 1, 11 9, (N. Banks), [N.
Banks and Cornell Univ.]. North Carolina: Southern Pines, June 15, 1911,
1 9 , (A. H. Manee), [N. Banks.]. Georgia : Clayton, July 10, 2000 to 3700 ft.
elev., 1 9 , (W. T. Davis), [W. T. Davis].
(Odontophotopsis)
Photopsis (Odontophotopsis) paula a. sp.
cf. Entirely rufo-ferruginous, except the legs and antennae are brown;
clothed with considerable, erect, white pubescence; wings crossed by a fuscous
band.
Head about as wide as the thorax, rather extended behind the eyes and
ocelli; the latter very large, the posterior pair behind the supraorbital line,
removed from the compound eyes by about twice and from each other by one
and a half times their diameter, and from the front pair by less than their
diameter; head covered with sparse, erect, rather long, white pubescence, the
face below the antennae being glabrous; front with rather close, irregular,
setigerous punctures, becoming well separated, round, and smaller above and
on the occiput, the intervals polished, shining; on the front above and between
the bases of the antennae and each eye is a small mammilliform process;
occiput convex; posterior and postero-lateral angles of the head not defined,
unarmed; antennae separated by distinctly less than the diameter of the ocelli,
with only a poorly defined carina between and below them; face below the
eyes much depressed; clypeus entirely glabrous, impunctate and polished, its
•interior margin produced medially, this portion somewhat reflexed, slightly
eniarginate, and with its lateral angles dentate, t)ut not pronouncedly so; the
pubescent labrum largely concealed; the malar space punctured, not one-
third as long as wide; mandibles gross, strongly curved, with two large blunt
teeth at the apex, the inferior margin strongly notched, the superior margin
formed by a strong sinuate carina bordering the scrobe, the latter slightly
convex, closely punctured, hirsute. Scape short, a little longer than the first
two segments of the flagellum, much curved, roughly punctulate and hirsute,
trans, am. ent. soc, xlii.
334 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
with an obscure inferior carina; pedicel about as long as broad, about two-
thirds the length of the first segment of the flagellum, which is about two-thirds
the length of the second; the latter a little exceeding the third; pechcel and
flagellum puberulent.
Humeral angles absent ; pronotum without differentiated dorsal and cephalic
surfaces, more coarsely punctured than the front, the punctures not confluent;
mesonotum similarly punctured, scutellum more closely; mesopleura, except
for a small anterior area, with coarse round punctures; mesosternum ante-
riorly on each side with an oblique elevated ridge or mamilla, behind which it
is concave; mesopleura without coarse punctures, except a few near the coxae,
feebly polished, with sparse very minute punctulations, bearing short hairs;
propodeum posteriorly with coarse shallow reticulations, and with a median,
basal, smooth area, bounded laterally and traversed medially by carinae;
punctate portions of the thorax, except the mesonotum, with sparse, erect,
white hairs, longest on the propodeum and pronotum; mesonotum covered
with shorter, suberect, sparse, reddish mixed with black hairs; most parts of
the thorax with short, white, inconspicuous pubescence, giving in fortunate
lights a silvery sheen.
Forewings hyaline at base, a weakly fuscous band crossing them at the
region of the stigma, becoming almost hyaline again at the apex; the cell R4
(third submarginal) not enclosed; hind wings clouded toward the apex.
Legs, except the coxae and trochanters posteriorly, dark Ijrown; the coxae,
trochanters and femora covered with erect, sparse, white hairs; the tibiae and
tarsi with denser, less erect, white pubescence; longer calcarium of the posterior
tibiae about two-thirds the length of the metatarsus, white.
First segment of the abdomen, seen from above, rather long, much widened
apically, distinctly smaller at its apex than the basal part of the second seg-
ment, the two with an evident constriction between; as seen from the side the
former is very convex, distinctly nodose above, and strongly constricted at apex,
especially so dorsally ; dorsally it bears a couple of short carinae at the base, and
for the most part is sparsely and very shallowly punctate; ventrally it is roughly
and rather coarsely punctured, the carina distinct only anteriorly, where it is
rectangularly truncate ; the second dorsal segment is polished and shining, with
sparse, very shallow, small, setigerous punctures, along the apex with close
very minute punctulations; exposed portions of the remaining dorsal segments
except the last with close very minute punctulations; exposed portion of the
last dorsal segment with a triangular area on each side at base coarsely punc-
tured, and bearing erect bristles, remainder smooth and polished, except for
fine punctulations at the apex; second ventral segment with sparse shallow
punctures, except at apex, among these more or less minute punctulations; apex
of this and exposed parts of remaining ventral segments except the last with
minute punctulations; last ventral segment polished and shining, with sparse
round punctures, and without processes; petiole and base of second segment
with sparse, erect, white hairs, rest of second segment with shorter, suberect,
whitish hairs; remaining segments with bristly, white, and some black hairs.
Length of the type, 10 mm.; of forewing, 6.5 mm.; length of paratype, 7 mm.
The abdomen is distinctly longer than the head and thorax united.
JAMES CHESTER BRADLEY 335
Tijpe maierlal. — Holotype: Spring Creek, Decatur County,
Georgia, July 16 to 29, 1912, (Cornell Univ. Exped.), [Cornell
I^niv. No. 108.1.]; one paratopotype: same date.
Photopsis (Odontophotopsis) spinci n. sp.
cf . Entirety rufo-fcrruginous, except the legs, antennae, mandibles, and
mouth parts, which are brown; clothed with considerable erect white pubes-
cence; wings slightly infuscated.
Head not as wide as the thorax, rather extended behind the eyes and ocelli;
the latter large, the posterior pair behind the supraorbital line, removed from
the compound eyes by more than three times and from each other by less than
two times their diameters, and from the front pair by a little less than their
diameter's length; head covered with sparse, erect, rather long, white pubes-
cence, with a few black hairs behind the compound eyes; with sparse, rather
large and deep, setigerous punctures, smaller and sparser behind the eyes, the
intervals polished; occiput convex; posterior and postero-lateral angles of the
head not defined, unarmed; antennae separated by less than the diameter of
the ocelli, with a sharp carina between and below them; clypeus laterally very
minutely punctulate, with a median, smooth, polished and impunctate area;
medially the clypeus is produced, with a somewhat reflexed anterior margin;
malar space about one-third as long as broad, with close punctures; mandibles
gross, elbowed, with a deep incision on their lower margin, and their anterior
surface with a very strong carina bounding the scrobe and extending the entire
length of the mandibles; scrobe flat, rugosely punctate and hirsute. Scape
short, scarcely as long as the first two segments of the flagellum, much bent
out apically, roughly punctulate and hirsute, with an infero-anterior obscure
carina; pedicel scarcely as long as broad, about two-thirds the length of the
first segment of the flagellum, the latter about two-thirds the length of the
second, which is about equal to the third; pedicel and flagellum puberulent.
Humeral angles absent; pronotum without differentiated cephaUc and dorsal
surfaces, a little more closely punctured than the front; mesonotum with
sparser larger punctures; scutellum punctured like the pronotum; meso-
pleura impunctate except medially; mesosternum on each side with a short,
blunt, somewhat oblique, nipple-like tubercle; metapleura impunctate; pro-
podeum posteriorly shallowly reticulate, with a smooth, basal, median area,
bounded laterally and traversed medially by carinae; punctate portions of
the thorax bearing sparse, erect, white pubescence, longest on the propodeum
and pronotum, mingled with a few black hairs on the posterior part of the
mesonotum; pleura in places, especially beneath the forewings, with a short
silvery pubescence, giving a sheen in certain lights.
Fore wings nearly hyaline basally, a poorly defined fuscous cloud traversing
them in the region of the stigma becomes obsolete at the apex; the cell Rt
(third submarginal) not enclosed. Hind wings also with a transverse cloud in
the stigmatal region.
Legs except the coxae and trochanters dark brown; the coxae, trochanters,
and femora covered with erect, very sparse, white hairs, the tibiae and tarsi
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
336 NORTH AMERICAN MUTILLIDAE
with denser, almost silky, sub-erect or almost depressed, white hairs; calcaria
of the hind legs white, more than three-fom-ths as long as the metatarsus.
First segment of the abdomen, seen from above, rather long, much widened
apically, not much smaller at apex than the base of the second, from which it
is separated by only a slight lateral constriction; from a lateral view, it is dis-
tinctly convex above, not strongly nodose, but separated from the base of the
second by well marked dorsal and venti-al constrictions; dorsally it is roughly
punctured at base, the apical two-thirds smooth and polished, beset only with
minute, sparse, setigerous punctures; ventrally it is coarsely punctured, the
carina in the form of a ridge,without dentiform prolongations, but anteriorly
somewhat acutely truncate ; the second dorsal segment is polished and shining,
with sparse, minute, setigerous punctures, thickly set along the apical margin;
the second ventral segment is beset with sparse but large punctures, about
corresponding to those on the front, more minute and closer set along the apical
margins; a ridge of white pile is present along the lateral margin of the second
dorsal segment, and a shorter one along the second ventral; remaining dorsal
and ventral segments except the last with close-set minute punctures, therefore
somewhat opaque; last dorsal segment impunctate and polished, especially
medially, last ventral flattened, truncate at apex, with processes, sparsely
punctured, polished; two apical spines long; abdomen beset with sparse, erect,
white hairs, often bristly, among which are a few black ones on the apical seg-
ments, ventral surface also with subappressed, sparse, white hairs; erect hairs
of the second dorsal, except at apex, shorter than elsewhere.
Length, 7.5 mm.; forewing, 6 mm. Abdomen about equaUing the combined
length of the head and thorax.
Type material.— Holotype: Bainbridge, Decatur County,
Georgia, July 15 to 27, 1909, (the author), [Cornell Univ. No.
109.1.]; two paratypes received from Mr. Banks, Southern Pines,
North CaroHna, October 27, 1908, July 26, 1910 (A. H. Manee)
[N. Banks and Cornell Univ.]; one paratype: "Ga. ", [Amer. Ent.
Soc, included by Viereck among the type material of suhtenuis].
This species is a very close ally of suhtenuis Viereck, but in that
species the mesosternal processes are crenulate behind, the notch
on the mandibles is shallower, the subtending tooth smaller, and
the clypeus is narrower at apex.
CONTENTS
The Stanford Expedition to Brazil, 1911. J. C. Branner,
Director. Dermaptera and Orthoptera. I. By James
A. G. Rehn 215
(Issued September 23, 1916)
Contributions toward a Monograph of the Mutilhdae and
their AlHes of America North of Mexico. III. The
Mutilhdae of the Eastern United States. By James
Chester Bradley 309
(Issued October 3, 1916)
VOLUME XLII NUMBER 4
DECEMBER 1916
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
AMEEICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
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STUDIES IN THE GROUP ISCHNOPTERITES
(ORTHOPTERA, BLATTIDAE, PSEUDOMOPINAE)
BY MORGAN HEBARD
In studying the Blattidae of North America north oi Mexico
and material of the family adventive in that region, it has been
found necessary to treat fully a number of tropical American
species, in order to clarify the proper relationships of the North
American forms and in some cases to determine their correct
nomenclatorial status.
The present paper treats those forms involved, found in the
Group Ischnopterites, and is the seventh and last of this series of
supplementary studies which have appeared in two publications.^
The Group Ischnopterites, like the Group Blattellites, is ex-
tremely large, comprehending a vast array of species. Among
these, the number which should be referred to the genus Isch-
noptera is very great, but many species which have been placed
there belong properly to distinct genera. One of these,
Syniploce, here described, is represented in the United States by a
single species, but to determine the characters of importance,
both generic and specific, we have here fully treated all of the
species represented in the series before us. The same is true of
the genus Xestohlatta, also described in the following pages, a
single species of which is represented in the material before us
adventive to the United States. In addition, to locate the correct
position of the remaining species of the Group found in the United
States, we have considered fully the genotype of the genus
Ischnoptera and the forms of that genus showing nearest rela-
tionship, of which /. rufa occidentalis Saussure, alone, is known
from the United States, probably from adventive material.
In studying the forms here treated and those found in North
America north of the Mexican boundary, the entire ser es of the
group in the Philadelphia collections has been carefully exam-
ned, this including over sixty exotic species, the majority of
which have as yet not l)cen recorded.
1 Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, and Ent. News.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
338 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
The species treated in the present paper are the following:
PAGE
Ischnoptera morio Burmeister 340
Ischrioptera atrata new species 341
Ischnoptera angustifrons new species 343
Ischnoptera vulpina new species 344
Ischnoptera. rufa rufa (De Geer) 346
Ischnoptera rufa debilis new subspecies 350
Ischnoptera rufa occidentalis Saussure 352
Symploce lita new species 357
Symploce jamaicana (Rehn) 359
Sytnploce capitata (Saussure) 361
Symploce morsei new species 365
Symploce flagellata new species 367
Symploce bicolor (Beauvois) 369
Xestoblatta nyctiboroides (Rehn) 373
Xestcblaita carrikeri new species 374
Xestoblatta festae (Griffini) 376
The number of specimens recorded is 179. Of these 117 are
in the Philadelphia collections; the others have been most kindly-
loaned by the curators of the United States National Museum,
American Museum of Natural History, Museum of Comparative
Zoology and University of Kansas Collections and by Dr. Albert
P. Morse. In return for the determinations, a share of the dupli-
cate material has been retained for the author's collection.
The Porto Rican material was secured in connection with the
New York Academy-Porto Rico Survey. The first set of this
is in every case the property of the American Museum of Natural
History.
ISCHNOPTERA Burmeister
(Plate XVI, fig. 3, A; Plate XVII, figs. 1, 2 and 3.)
1838. Ischnoptera Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. I, p. 500.
The genus was based on four species, three of which were at
that time described, while an additional species was doubtfully
included.
We here restrict the genus to the forms showing the features
given below, which we are able to ascertain from a specimen of
the type species before us; other species, which have been gen-
erally referred to Ischnoptera, but which do not agree in various
MORCxAN HEBARD 339
characters here given, are properly referable to othei' distinct
though closely related genera.
Genotype. — T[schnoptera] morio Biirnicister, selected by Kirby
in 1906.2
Generic Description. — Head elongate; ocelli distinct with flat
surfaces of ocellar areas forming a rather sharp angle with the
interocellar space.-* Pronotuni weaklj^ convex, becoming strongly
so narrowly laterad; disk in males with two distinct sulcations
mesad which converge caudad, in females showing reduced teg-
mina and wings these sulci are usually obsolete ; lateral margins of
pronotum fully as chitinous as the disk, the immediate margins
cingulate ; caudal nmrgin of pronotum very weakly and broadly
convex. 4 Tegmina with discoidal sectors (these including the
median and ulnar veins and their In-anches, of which the branches
of the ulnar vein are the more numerous) weakly radiating so that
the branches near the sutural margin are weakly oblique to that
margin. Wings with area between discoidal vein and costal
margin narrow throughout; mediastine vein extending more than
half the distance to the apex of the wing, from which vein spring
a number of the costal veins; none of the costal veins enlarged
distad; discoidal vein percurrent to apex of wing, undivided,
with a number of distinct, well spaced, nearly perpendicular
veinlets connecting with the median vein; ulnar vein weakly
curved with a number (3 to 7) of proximal incomplete rami and
a number (4 to 6) of moderately arcuate distal rami extending to
the distal margin of the wing; intercalated triangle small and
inconspicuous.^ Males with median segment not specialized,
but with sixth and seventh dorsal abdominal segments greatly
specialized. Sixth dorsal segment emarginate mesad to near its
■" Synon. Cat. Orth., I, p. 80.
3 As in other genera of the group, the ocellar area becomes less strongly
defined as tegminal and wing reduction takes place. Where such reduction is
decided the well defined ocelli are usually likewise reduced, represented, by
mere ocellar spots.
* As in many genera of the Blattidae, the caudal margin of the pronotum is
seen to become more truncate and more nearly transverse in mateiial showing
decided tegminal and wing reduction.
^ None of the species of Isc.hnoptern considered in the i)resent paper .show
very great tegminal and wing reduction. That this occurs in the genus is
shown by the female sex of both /. vilis and /. ileroyelliformi.s.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
340 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOITERITES (ORTHOPTERA)
proximal margin, with sides of emargination convex (Plate XVI,
fig. 3, A), bearing beneath on each side near the apex of the emar-
gination a minute chitinous projection armed dorso-distad with
close-set delicate microscopic teeth, which are directed cephalad
(Plate XVII, fig. 3); seventh dorsal abdominal segment in
greater part lying under sixth segment, but with a narrow,
medio-longitudinal, decidedly elevated ridge lying between the
armed projections of the sixth segment. Eighth dorsal abdom-
inal segment unspecialized. Cephalic femora with ventro-
cephalic margins armed with (usually about four) heavy,
elongate, well separated, proximal spines, succeeded distad by a
row of minute, closely set, piliform spines, which is terminated
distad by three heavy, elongate (in increasing ratio) spines.
Other ventral margins of femora supplied with widely spaced,
heavy, elongate spines. Median and caudal femora in addition
supplied with a single elongate genicular spine. Small arolia are
present.
The Morio Group
This group is very close to the Rufa Group. The two species
known to us differ from those of that group in their larger size,
very dark general coloration and particularly in the male supra-
anal plate, which in the present group is chitinous proximad and
laterad, the remaining portion occupied by an ample, soft, whit-
ish integument.
Ischnoptera morio Burmeister (Plate XVII, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.)
1838. I[schnoptera] morio Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. I, p.
500. [Colombia.]
Burmeister's very inadequate description agrees with the
specimen before us. This insect is closely related to the new
species, I. atrata, under which the two are compared.*^
Characters of cf-— (Caracas, Venezuela.) Size very large for the genus;
form moderately slender. Interocular width three-fifths ocular depth, sub-
equal to interocellar width. Ocelh large, flattened surfaces of occUar areas
forming a sharp angle with interocellar area. Maxillary palpi rather short;
fourth joint slightly shorter than third, fifth (distal) joint distinctly the
longest and moderately enlarged, the ventral margin weakly convex from
the rather sharp apex to near the base where the convexity is more decided.
•> We have not seen the female sex of morio. We feel that it will probably be
found to resemble that sex of the closely related alrata.
MORGAN HEBARD 341
Tegmina with numerous discoidal sectors; the portion of the dextral tegmen,
concealed when at rest, hyahne. .Sixth and seventh dorsal abdominal segments
greatly specialized as given in generic description; eighth segment the same
with distal margin briefly straight laterad and broadh- but rather decidedly
sinuato-concave mesad. Supra anal plate well produced; narrow lateral and
proximal marginal portions chitinous; remaining large mesal and distal por-
tion occupied by an ample, soft, whitish integument, its margin joining the
chitinous portions forming a large part of a "perfect circle, its distal margin
truncate; lateral chitinous portions not enlarged but rather broadlj^ rounded
distad, their apices supplied with a number of bristles. Cerci moderately
elongate, slender, tapering to acute apex, with twelve joints; dorsal surface
deplanate, ventral surface decidedly convex. Subgenital plate strongly
asymmetrical, produced, with rather broad produced portion concave, dextral
margin oblique produced to transverse distal margin of production, on this
latter margin is situated, decidedly sinistrad of the middle, the larger style, pro-
duced portion terminated rather suddenly at internal margin of sinistral cercus,
there rather sharply rounded rectangulate, forming with remaining brief
portion of sinistral margin, which is weakly oblique, nearly a rectangulate
emargination, at the apex of which is situated the smaller style; meso-distal
portion of plate internally moderately convex with surface thickly covered
with short bristles directed cephalad. The larger dextral style is four times
as long as bioad, with di.stal lialf slightly bent sinistrad and armed with
minute spines.
Measurements {in millimeters)
Caracas, Venezuela 17. S 4.9 7.1 22.1 5.5 7
Coloration. — Eyes, pronotum and underparts blackish brown;
head, dorsal surface of abdomen and limbs very slightly paler.
Ocelli buffy. Dextral tegmen dark chestnut brown fading rather
abruptly at portion concealed when at rest, which is colorless
hyaline; sinistral tegmen dark chestnut brown, becoming slightly
paler distad. Wings and veins colorless hyaline, except area
of costal veins which is tawny olive, more buffy mesad.
Specimens Examined: 1 ; 1 male.
Caracas, Venezuela, (E. Hartert), Icf, [A. N. S. P.].
Ischnoptera atrata new species (Plate XVI, figs. 1 and 2.)
Closely related to /. morio, bearing that species a close general
resemblance, but differing decidedly in the darkened veins of
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
342 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERa)
the wings, distinctive male supra-anal plate and somewhat dif-
ferently formed male subgenital plate and styles.^
Type.— d"; Caparo, Trinidad. June, 1912. (S. M. Klages.)
[Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Type no. 5308.]
DescripHon of Type. — Size very large for the genus; form moderately slender.
Head elongate, much as in morio but with interocular slightly narrower than
interocellar space. Pronotum with discal sulci strongly defined as in morio.
Tegmina and wings much as in that species, but with wing veins embrowned.
Dorsal surface of abdomen likewise in general similar, but with distal margin
of eighth segment very broadly and evenly concave. Supra-anal plate with a
meso-distal nearly circular portion, occupied by a soft integument which is
much less extensive than in morio, leaving large proximal and lateral chitinous
areas; lateral chitinous portions with distal area expanded and almost circular,
bearing distad a number of bristles. Cerci elongate with thirteen apparent
joints. Subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical, produced, with free margin
dextrad straight transverse to slightly beyond mesal point, there directed
caudad, forming slightly more than a right angle with angle rather sharply
rounded, there at the apex of this produced portion is situated a heavy style of
similar size and character to that found in morio except that it curves evenly
sinistrad, thence the free margin is oblique to its sinistral base, furnished
beneath the sinistral cercus with a small, slender, straight style of half the
length of the conspicuous style.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as the type. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.]
Description of Allotype. — Similar to male except in the following features.
Size slightly larger; form broader, particularly in abdominal region. Portion
of dextral tegmen concealed when at rest, hyahne, but weakly embrowned,
with veins embrowned. Dorsal surface of abdomen not specialized. Supra-
anal plate triangularly produced with sides rather deeply angulato-concave
and apex broadly rounded; the distal portion less strongly chit'nous. Sub-
genital plate large and convex; free margin broadly convex, showing a broad
weak flattening mesad and at the cerci.
M ensurements {in millimeters)
Caparo, Trinidad ^| ^| |§ || l|
& x^ ^ ^ ^ ^
Type 19.8 4.8 6.5 21.9 5.5
9
Allotype 20.5 5.3 7.2 23.3 5.9
Paratypes (5) ... 20 . 2-23 . S 5 . 1-5 .4 6 . 4-G . 9 22-23 .1 5.3-6.1
Coloration. — General color of head, pronotum and ventral
surface of abdomen polished blackish brown. Liml)s and dorsal
' The female of morio is unknown to us and we are consotiuontly unal)I(> to
make comparisons with that sex.
MORGAN HEBARD 343
surface of abdomen dark chestnut brown. Tegmina shining
deep chestnut brown with an auburn tinge, becoming slightly paler
distad; marginal field in male briefly Inifiy distad; area of dextral
tegmen concealed when at rest, hyaline with a weak brownish
suffusion, in male with veins hyaline, in females with veins em-
browned, oblique channel of dextral tegmen with structural color
brilliantly metallic blue and green. ^ Wings hyaline, very faintly
tinged with brown; entire area of costal veins brilliant deep chest-
nut brown with an auburn tinge, other veins deep chestnut brown.
The Guiana specimen differs from the typical series in having
the marginal field of the tegmina more extensively buffy and the
limbs diiitinctly paler, ochraceous tawny.
Specimens Examined: 8; (probably) 2 males and f) females.
Caparo, Trinidad, VI, 1912, (S. M. Klages), 1 cf , •) 9 , typcy allotype, paratypes,
[A. N. S. P.]
Chenapowu to Saweritik, British Guiana, VIII. 21, 1911, (Cratnpton and
Lutz), 1 cf?,9 [A. M. N. H.|.
The Rufa Group
Very close to the Morio Group. The species of the present
group differ in being not as large, more reddish in general col-
oration and particularly in having the male supra-anal plate
showing only a limited subchitinous area meso-distad.
Ischnoptera angustifrons new si)ecieH (Plate XVII, fig. 7 )
The female of this species is unknown. The male may be
separated from this sex of /. vulpina by the distinctly narrower
interocular space, more transverse pronotum with discal sulci
less decided, less decidedly ferruginous general coloration, pro-
portionately shorter organs of flight and dift'erent proportions of
subgenital plate.
These two species show near relationship to I. rufa rufa, which
form, however, has the interocular space decidedly wider, the
organs of flight in proportion decidedly shorter and the mesal
production of the male subgenital plate much more conspicuous,
with styles decidedly more widely separated.
Type. — cf ; Rio Pacaya, Peru. July, 1912. [Acad. Nat. Sci.
Phila., Type no. 5307.]
** This is conspicuous only in a bright light.
^ The abdomen is missing in this specimen.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
344 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Description of Type.— Size large for genus; form slender, nearly as slender as
in vulpina. Head with interocular space very narrow, its width about one
quarter of a millimeter, but two-fifths as wide as interocellar space which is
narrower than in vulpina. Ocelli and maxillary palpi as in that species.
Pronotum broader, approximately as broad in proportion as in /. mono, with
discal sulci very weakly indicated. Tegmina and wings elongate, though not
as decidedly so as in niorio or vulpina. Supra-anal plate as in vulpina. Pub-
genital plate of similar structure (.^ee description of vulpina). but with produced
portion less extensive and in position situated slightly more sinistrad of mesal
point; free margin dextrad strongly convex then very weakly concave; sinistral
style very small, less than half as long as large dextral style and separated
from it by only its own length, thus the styles are more nearly adjacent than
in vulpina as the sinistral style is smaller in the present species.
Measurements (in millimeters)
5^ -5 a J3C ■S.B ^c
Mo Mg .Sg MM _^M
Rio Pacaya, Feru, type 15.2 4 5.2 17.7 4.2
Coloration. — Head to ventral margins of ocelli shining blackish
brown, there shading to cinnamon rufous with maxillary palpi
buffy. Pronotum ochraceous tawny, very faintly paler laterad
and cephalad. Tegmina translucent tawny, the marginal field
ochraceous buff. Limbs and underparts warm buff, the abdo-
men shading to ochraceous tawny distad.
The type is unique.
Ischnoptera vulpina new species (Plate XVI, fig. 8; pi. XVII, fig. 6.)
Near relationship to I. rufa rufa is shown by this species and
to /. angustifrons, under which latter insect full comparisons are
made.
T'ype.— cT', Caparo, Trinidad. August, 1913. (S. M. Klages.)
[Hebard Collection, Type no. 422.]
Description of Type. — Size large for genus; form slender, more slender than
in I. morio. Head with interocular space slightly narrower than interocellar
space, both dimensions proportionately appreciably less than in rufa rufa.
Ocelli conspicuous, with flat surfaces of ocellar areas .slanting st.ongly me-ad.
Maxillary palpi more elongate than in rufa rufa. Pronotum less transverse
than in morio, with discal sulci decided as in that species. Tegmina and
wings much as in morio, j:roportionately det-itledly more elongate than in ii/fa
rufa, but, as in the latter species, with portion of doxtral tegmen, concealed
when at rest, not as strikingly transparent. Dor.sal abdominal hCgmenta
specialized as given in generic description; all of sixth segment, except the
sm.all elevated lateral fortions', more delicate than in mono, entirely
weakly chitinous. Supra-anal plate much as in rufii rufa, l)ut even more
MORGAN HEBARD 345
strongly produced, broader distad, with subchitinoiis area more extensive;
lateral margins nearly straight, weakly converging distad where the plate
is very broadly truncate with distal margin weakly convex; mesad the
entire produced portion of the plate is subchitinous to near the heavy
chitinous narrow lateral portions and more delicate chitinous narrow distal
portion. 1" Subgenital plate convex except meso-distad, where it is weakly
concave and weakly triangularly produced; at the apex of this production
is situated a stout cyUndrical style four times as long as broad, directed
dorso-sinistrad with blunt apex covered with minute, short, stout, chitinous
spines; sinistrad of this stj^le and also on the free margin is situated a small
cylindrical style with apex rounded, about half as long and distant from
the larger stjde by only its own length; free margin dextrad decidedly
convex to base of mesal production, where with the dextral margin of this
production a distinct and broadly rounded concavitj- is formed; from the apex
of the mesal production the sinistral portion of the free margin is nearly
straight and oblique to the base of the plate.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Cln.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with male in ambisexual characters, differ-
ing in the following features. Size slightly larger, form slightly more robust.
Interocular space very slight!}' broader than interoceliar space, both dimensions
slightly greater than in male, but distinctly less than in this sex of rufa rnfa.
Tegmina and wings proportionately ver}^ slightly shorter than in male, extend-
ing well beyond the cereal apices. Dorsal surface of abdomen unspeciahzed.
Supra-anal plate rather strongly produced mesad, trigonal but with lateral
margins stronglj' concave and apex rounded, the distal portion extending
bej'ond the subgenital plate a full millimeter. ^^ Subgenital plate decidedly
transverse, con^■px, with free margin evenly and broadly con\ex.
Measurements (in viillimeters)
S E
C _ O ~
;q °o Xg =^
^ ?- z^ ?^ r- --^
Caparo, Trinidad ■^'3 "^ "^
Type 16.5 4.4 5.3 19.7 5.3
Paratypes (2) 18 . 2-19 . 8 4 . 6-4 . G 5.6-5.7 19 . 6-20 . 1 5-5 . 2
9
Allotype 19.6 4.9 6 20.7 5.6
Paratypes ((>) 18 . 2-20 .5 4.7-5.2 5.4-6.4 18 . 8-20 .7 4.9-5.7
1" Thus indicating a condition nearl}' intermediate between that of morio
and that of rufa.
'1 Though this is the normal condition in the series before us, paratypic
females also show individual differences in having the apex narrower or w'ider,
and in the degree of concavity of the lateral margins; these latter also are oc-
casionally strongh- concave proximad, thence nearly straight convergent to
the apex. The material of rufa here studied shows the supra-anal plate of
the female to be decidedly variable in form, and of little specific diagnostic
importance in the present group.
TRANS. \U. EXT. SOC, XLII.
346 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Coloration. — cJ". Head shining blackish brown, ventrad shad-
ing rapidly at clypeal suture to clay color. Pronotum and teg-
mina kaiser brown, sometimes a shade darker at the discal sulci
of the former. Wings hyaline, veins very weakly ochraceous
tawny, area of costal veins and, to a less degree, distal portion of
anterior field, ochraceous tawny. Coxae, cephalic limbs and
median and caudal femora clay color, median tibiae very sHghtly
darker, caudal tibiae russet. Dorsal surface of abdomen buffy,
shading to tawny distad. Ventral surface of abdomen apricot
orange, shading laterad and distad through hazel to chestnut
brown. Female similar but with slightly deeper and more exten-
sive darker abdominal colors.
Specimens Examined: 10; 3 males, 7 females.
Caparo, Trinidad, VIII, 1913, (S. M. Klages), 3cf, 79, tiJV^, allotype,
paratypes, [Hebard Cln.].
Ischnoptera rufa rufa (DeGeer) (Plate XVl|, figs. 3 and 4.)
1773. Blatla rufa DeGeer, Mem. I'Hist. Ins., iii, p. 539, pi. 44, fig. 7.
[Sm-inam.]
1805. Blatla rufescens Beauvois, Ins. Recueil. Afr. Amer., p. 183, Orth. pi.
I b, fig. 7. [San Domingo.]
1838. ?I[schnoptera] fumata Burmeister, Handb. Ent., ii, abth. ii, pt. 1, p.
500. [Brazil.]
1868. Ischnoptera terminalis Walker, Cat. Blatt. Br. Mns., p. 122. [c?,
9 , Jamaica.]
1893. Ischnoptera conformis Saussure and Zehntner, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,
Orth., i, p. 37, pi. 3, fig. 25. [9 , Nicaragua.]
We are satisfied, from the examination of the large series of
Guianan roaches before us and study of the original description
and figure, that DeGeer's rufa is correctly applicable to the
present form. It is also evident that rufescens of Beauvois is an
absolute synonym, material from San Domingo being at hand,
and the same is true of Walker's terminalis from Jamaica, from
which island we have a considerable series. This latter name
has already been correctly synonymized under rufescens by
Kirby;i2 that author, however, confused with the present, the
species capitata and hlattoides of Saussure, which species are
widely distinct members of different genera. Burmeister's
fumata is based on so inadequate a description that, without
examination of the type, the name can not be satisfactorily lo-
cated, though it is very possibly a synonym of rufa. Saussure
'2Synon. Cat. Orth., I, p. 82, (1904.)
MORGAN HEBARD 347
and Zehntner have described conformis from a single female, the
onh- feature of distinction there given from consohrina (synonym
of rufa occidentalis) , being the distinctly more triangular form
of the supra-anal plate. The material before us shows this fea-
ture to be surprisingly variable in the present species, occasional
examples showing even greater differences in this respect, and
conformis consequently falls as an absolute synonym of the pres-
ent race.
Rehn's record of /. rufa from Misiones, Argentina, applies to
an exceptionally pale specimen of /. vilis.
The present species divides into three geographic races: typi-
cal rufa is found throughout the West Indies (excepting Cuba)
and on the continent from Nicaragua southward to British
Guiana; rufa debilis occurs in the higher country of Costa Rica,
while rufa occidentalis occurs from Nicaragua northward as far
as New Orleans, Louisiana. ^^
The race rufa dehilis represents an extremely depauperate con-
dition, with tegmina and wings decidedly reduced in both sexes
and other structural modifications. The production of the male
subgenital plate is decidedly more conspicuous and abrupt in
rufa occidentalis than in rufa rufa.
From /. morio this insect differs in its smaller size and reddish
coloration, the male supra-anal plate is distinctive but the sub-
genital plate, though different, shows a development similar in
many respects.
Characters of cf •— (Old Panama, Panama.) Size medium large; form mod-
erately stout, not as slender as in morio. Head with interocular and intero-
cellar spaces subequal in width. Ocelli distinct, flattened surfaces of ocellar
areas slanting rather strongly mesad. Maxillary palpi rather short. Tegmina
in general much as in morio, but not as elongate and with portion of dextral
tegmen, concealed when at rest, not as strikingly transparent. 'Wings c-olor-
le.^s hyaline, except area of costal veins which is moderately embrowned,
this suffusion also present to a lesser degree in the distal portion of the
anterior field, veins brown. Supra-anal plate produced, with lateral margins
weakly convergent and rounding sharply into the broad transverse distal
margin, which is nearly as wide as the length of the plate; surface convex,
except mesad where it is weakly concave, this strongest in a large,
distinct, subchitinous, transverse oval area just proximad of the distal
margin; ventral surface thickly covered with short stout bristles distad
" The records of this species from north of the state of \'era Cruz, Mexico,
are based, we believe, on introduced material.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
348 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERa)
and less thickly so mesad. Subgenital plate strongly asymmetrical, convex
except at production where it is very weakly concave; dextral free margin
weakly convex to moderate mesal production, with which it forms a rounded
obtuse-angulation, margin of production roughly convex, bearing at its blunt
apex a heavy cylindrical style, directed evenly sinistrad, about three times
as long as broad, with bluntly rounded apex slightly deflexed sinistrad and with
dorsal and distal surface supplied with stout but minute teeth: sinistrad the
free margin from the apex of the plate's production is evenly and weakly
concave, with sinistral style, situated at base of production and less than half
as long as dextral style, small and weakly tapering to rounded apex.
Characters of 9 . — (Bartica, British Guiana.) Similar to male in ambisexual
characters. Size slightly larger, form appreciably broader with pronotum
more ample. Head with interocular space slightly wider than interocellar
space. Tegmina and wings proportionately somewhat less elongate than in
male, scantily surpassing the cereal extremities. Supra-anal plate triangularly
produced, with apex broadly rounded, showing a broad and weak concavity
at the cereal bases.^^ Subgenital plate convex, very broad and weakly pro-
duced, with free margin evenly and very broadly convex. '^
Measurements (in millimeters)
o*i •^■(f 05
o V
II |2 ^2 g!f ^^
C^ ^ ^^ ■^'^ ^" '^^
Montego Bay, Jamaica 13.8 3.8 4.8 14.6 4.3
Sanchez, San Domingo 14,1 3.9 5 15.7 4.4
Arecibo, Porto Rico 14 3.8 5.1 14.8 4.3
Roseau, Dominica 13.5 3.7 4.8 15.1 —
Old Panama, Panama 15 3.8 4.8 15.7 4.4
9
Montego Bay, Jamaica 15.6 4 5.1 14.7 4.3
Ensenada, Porto Rico 14.5 4.6 5.7 16.8 4.7
St. Croix, Danish West Indies 15.2 3.9 5 14.1 —
Bartica, British Guiana 16 4.1 5.7i« 15.4 4.6
Decidedly greater variation appears to occur in the present
species in very mountainous regions (see measurements of rufa
dehilis and rufa occidentalis) .
The variation in the present race is apparently slight; the
" This plate shows decided variation, being sometimes distinctly angulato-
emarginate distad, or with apex acute and .sharply rounded, while the lateral
margins are sometimes quite decidedly concave at the cereal bases, and some-
times with no emargination there. Such differences led Saussure and Zehntner
to consider that the triangular type repnvsented a distinct species, resulting
in the synonym conformis.
1* Often, in the series before us, truncate, straight transverse, mcvsad.
'" The pronotum of this specimen has been somewhat flattened out in being
l)repared.
MORGAN HEBARD 349
entire series before us from Jamaica are all very similar, in size
and coloration, to the pair measured above.
Coloration. — General coloration Sanford's brown to argus brown
and chestnut; usually weakly suffused, Sanford's brown. Head
slightly paler, with occiput to below the ocelli blackish tinged
with bay. Ocelli warm buff. Pronotum of general coloration,
occasionally slightly paler laterad. Tegmina translucent and of
general coloration, but with portion of dextral tegmen concealed
when at rest, becoming rather gradually transparent, very w^eakly
tinged with brown. Wings hyaline with veins weakly tinged
with brown, embrowned in area of costal veins and to a less de-
gree in the distal portion of the anterior field. Limbs buffy,
often tinged with ochraceous orange. Ventral surface of abdo-
men proximad of the same color, rapidly shading through chest-
nut to blackish brown distad ; this individually varying in extent
and intensity and usually more decided in the female sex.
Though the series l:)efore us shows no striking differences in
coloration, our material of rufa occidentalis indicates that proba-
bly very decided individual color differences will be fovmd also
in the present race.
Specimens Examined: 38; 14 males, 16 females and 8 immature individuals.
Montego Bay, St. James Parish, Jamaica, III, 4 and 5, 1911, (J. A. Gross-
be<'k; under dried cocoanut palm petioles in grassy area), 19,1 juv. $ , [A. 'M.
N. H.]; X, 29 to XI, 4, 1913, (Hebard; under logwood on docks, under litter
on limestone and near beach), 5 cf , 5 9 , 3 juv. c?, 1 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Palm Beach, Montego Baj^ Jamaica, III, 17, 1911, (J.' A. Grossbeck; under
logs), 1 9, [A. M. N. H.].
Mandeville, Manchester Parish, Jamaica, 2100 feet, XI, G, 1913, (Hebard;
under logs in upland pasture), 3 9,1 juv. cT, [Hebard Cln.].
Sanchez, San Domingo, V, 11 to 16, 1915, (F. E. Watson; about street light),
1 cf , [A. M. N. H.].
Arecibo, Arecibo, Porto Rico, late VII, 1914, (F. E. Watson; under stones
in cultivated area), 1 d', [A. M. N. H.].
Ensenada, Guanica Harbor, Aguadilla, Porto Rico, VI, 14 to 19, 191.5, (A. J.
Mutchler; under debris on alkali flat), 19,1 juv. d', [A. M. N. H.].
Eveques Valley, St. Croix, Dani.sh West Indies, VI, 4, 1911, (R. W. Miner),
1 c^, 1 9 , [A. M. N. H.].
Dominica, (H. M. Lefroy), Id,'' [A. N. S. P.].
Roseau, Dominica, VII, 3, 1911, (Crampton and Lutz), 1 d, [A. M. N. H.].
Barbados, VII, 17, 1903, (H. A. Ballou), 1 9 ,'" [A. N. S. P.].
1' Recorded by Rehn as Ischnoptera occidentalis.
'^ Recorded by Rehn as Ischnoptera occidentalis.
TRAN.S. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
350 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Bartica, British Guiana, I, 7, 1913, (H. S. Parish), 1 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Old Panama, Panama, XI, 13, 1913, (Hebard; under drift on edge of coral
sand beach), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama, (A. H. Jennings), 1 d', [U. S. N. M.].
Zone limit five miles west of Empire, Canal Zone, Panama, XI, 14, 1913,
(Hebard; under rubbish on edge of jungle), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Empire, Canal Zone, Panama, XI, 14, 1913; (under debris on edge of jungle),
1 juv. c?, [Hebard Chi.].
Gatun, Canal Zone, Panama, VII, 17 to VIII, 5, 1916, (D. E. Harrower),
1 cT, 2 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Ischnoptera rufa debilis new subspecies (Plate XVI, figs. 5 and 6.)
The present geographic race evidently represents the response
in this species to high altitudes in Costa Rica.
When compared with typical ruja, this race is found to differ
in average decidedly smaller size, decidedly reduced tegmina
and wings in both sexes, and more delicate male supra-anal
plate with distal transverse portion of free margin narrower.
Type. — d^ ; Santa Maria de Dota, Costa Rica. Elevation
1600 meters. January, 1907. (J. F. Tristan.) [Acad. Nat.
Sci. Phila., Type no. 5306.]
Description of Type. — Similar to ruja rufn, differing in the following features.
Size very small for the group. Ocelli with flattened surfaces slanting very
strongly mesad. Pronotum with caudal margin abruptly transverse.^^ Teg-
mina and wings decidedly reduced, leaving distal portion of abdomen, includ-
ing specialized segments,2o exposed. Supra-anal plate much as in typical
rufn but more delicate in structure, with transverse distal portion of free
margin narrower and with ventral surface supphed with fewer short, stout
bristles. Subgenital plate with angle at the dextral base of production weakly
obtuse angulate.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type but taken in Januarj^, 1909.
[Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with male except in the following features.
Size somewhat larger, form slightly more robust. Head, as in typical rufa,
with interocular space slightly wider than interocellar space. Ocelli repre-
sented by rather weakly defined spots. Supra-anal plate triangularly i)ro-
duced, less than half as long as wide, with lateral margins weakly concave^i
and apex rather sharply rounded. Subgenital i)late as in rufa rufa.
1' This condition appears to accompany tegniinal reduction frequently in
the Blattidae. We have already discussed this as found in Cariblatta lutca.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xlii, p. 166, footnote 23, (1916).
-" See generic description.
2' This varies in the series l)efore us to a condition in which the lateral mar-
gins are very weaklj- convex from the cereal bases.
MORGAN HEBARD
351
Measurements (in inillimeters)
cf J- J^ ■■^" J"" I"
Santa Maria de Dota,
Costa Rica, ///pe . . 11.2 3.7 4.3 8 3.6
Santa Maria de Dota,
Costa Rica, para-
type 11.4 3.7 4.3 7.8 3.3
Monte Redondo,
Costa Rica 11.7 3.7 4.3 7.7 3.1
Azahar de Cartago,
CostaRica 12.5 3.G 4.2 7.2 3.1
Pacayas, Costa Rica 10.4 3.3 3.9 6.4 2.8
9
Santa Maria de Dota,
Costa Rica, allo-
type 13 4.2 5 8.7 3.8
Santa Maria dc Dota,
Costa Rica, para-
types (Q) 11.4-12.5 3.7-4.1 4.6-4.8 8-9.8 3-3.7
El Tablazo, Costa
Rica (2) 11-11.5 3.8-3.9 4.3-4.6 7.9-8.9 3.2-3.7
Volcan Irazu, Costa
Rica 12.3 3.8 4.6 6.9 3.1
The specimen from the Volcan Irazii was probably taken at a
greater elevation than any of the other specimens of the series.
It is exceptionally dark in coloration and shows the maximum
tegminal abbreviation among the females.
Coloration. — Type. Head blackish brown to clypeal suture.
Mouth parts, proximal antennal joints, palpi, limbs and cerci,
ochraceous tawny. Pronotum kaiser brown washed with mars
brown, this decided caudad. Tegmina translucent cinnamon
brown, the marginal field and narrow area of dextral tegmen
concealed when at rest, slightly paler and more nearly tran-
sparent. Abdomen with dorsal surface dark chestnut brown
laterad and distad. Allotype. Much darker. Head, pronotum
and dorsal surface of abdomen shining blackish brown, the
pronotum with lateral margins narrowly Hays russet. Teg-
mina translucent russet. Ventral surface of abdomen Hays
russet, shading to blackish brown laterad and distad. Proximal
antennal joints, palpi and Umbs tawny.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
352 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Specimens Examined: 15; 5 males and 10 females.
Volcan Irazu, Costa Rica, II, 22, 1902, (L. Bruner), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Pacavas, (Atlantic drainage), Costa Rica, 1430 meters. III, 1906, (P. Biol-
ley), 1 >, [A. N. S. P.].
Azahar de Cartage, Costa Rica, I, 1903, 1 d^, [Hebard Cln.].
El Tablazo, Costa Rica, 1900 meters, (J. F. Tristan), 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Monte Redondo, Costa Rica, I, 1903, 1 d^, [Hebard Cln.].
Santa Maria de Dota, .Costa Rica, 1600 meters, I, 1907 and 1909, (J. F.
Tristan), 2 cT, 7 9, lijlpe, allotype, paratypes, [A. N. S. P.].
Ischnoptera rufa occidentalis Saussure (Plate XVI, fig. 7.)
1862. I[schnoptera] occidentalis Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e Ser., XIV,
p. 170. [New [Orleans, Louisiana].]
1862. I[schnoplera] consohriiia Saussure, ibid., p. 170. [[Cordoba, Mexico.]]
This geographic race can best be separated from typical rufa
by differences in the form of the male subgenital plate and by the
facial coloration, which in the present race is normally concolorous,
pale or dark, while in rufa rufa the area from the occiput to below
the ocelli is decidedly darker than the remaining portions.
The material l^efore us shows great variation in size, develop-
ment of tegmina and wings and in coloration. These features,
to the extent found in the present series, are in part clearly due
to individual variation, but may also to some extent be attribu-
table to differences in elevation with the resultant decided envi-
ronmental changes.
Characters of d". — (Vera Cruz, Mexico.) Similar to tj'pical rufa except in
the following features. Supra-anal plate with lateral margins very slightly
more convergent. Mesal production of subgenital plate more decided, its
dextral margin straight and forming nearly a right angle with the dextral
portion of the free margin of the plate, rather broadly transverse distad, with
dextral angle sharply rounded and rectangulate, sinistrad obUque to sinistral
style .22 Largest style shghtly dextrad of mesal point of production.
The female sex agrees throughout with that of typical rufa
except in the cephalic coloration discussed above; similar de-
cided variability in the form of the supra-anal plate is shown.
Decided tegminal reduction is sometimes encountered, these
organs reach only to the apex of the supra-anal plate in a few
specimens (1, Atoyac, Mexico; 1, Costa Rica; 1, San Jose, Costa
Rica), and in one, only to the fifth dorsal abdominal segment
(San Jose, Costa Rica).
-' The Costa Rican mal(\s have the disto-ihwtral :\ngl(> of the mesal ])roduc-
tion loss sharply rounded, th(> one from San Jose also has the angle at the dextral
base of the production weakly obtuse. These differences showing the condi-
tion nearly intermediate between the present race and tj'pioal rufa.
MORGAN HEBARD
353
Measurements {in millimeters)
5^ II ^1 ia 21
^ «^ ^1 2| ^1 ^1
Vera Cruz, Mexico 18.8 4.8 5.9 19.7 5.4
Atoyac, Mexico 14.7 3.8 4.7 17 4.9
La Palma, Costa Rica 13.5 3.7 4.6 16.7 4.6
Juan Viiias, Costa Rica 17.7 4.7 5.6 19.1 5.4
San Jose, Costa Rica 14.1 4 4.8 16.5 4.7
Monte Redondo, Costa Rica .. . 13.4 3.8 4.8 14.8 4.3
Monte Redondo, Costa Rica .. . 18.2 4.2 5.3 20.4 5.8
P6zo Azul, Costa Rica 18.9 4.8 6 19.4 5.8
9
Gulf Coast of Texas 15.2 4.3 5.5 14.8 4.7
Atoyac, Mexico 21.5 4.8 6 17.7 5.5
Orizaba, Mexico 16.5 4 4.8 14.8 4.7
Benque Viejo, British Honduras 21 5.2 6.7 20 5.7
Juan Vinas, Costa Rica 17 4.8 5.8 20.6 5.1
San Jose, Costa Rica 17.9 5 6.1 12.3 4.8
P6zo Aziil, Costa Rica 19.3 4.9 6 20.4 5.7
Costa Rica 14.6 4.5 5.3 12.2 4.5
The decided size differences in the present race appear to rep-
resent responses to local environmental conditions, these found
particularly in regions of decided diversity in elevation. The
very large and richly colored specimens from Juan Vinas and
particularly Pozo Aziil, Costa Rica, represent almost certainly
the response to rich upland jungle conditions. Tegminal reduc-
tion apparently occurs at higher altitudes (see rufa debilis).
That more than one type is found at the same locality, though
probably in distinctly different local environment, is shown by
the decided differences found in the two males from INIonte Re-
dondo, Costa Rica, at which place and at Azahar de Cartago,
Costa Rica, both this race and ruja dehilis have been secured.
Very large series from the mountainous sections of the race's
distribution will be needed, accompanied by local environmental
data, before the causes and exact significance of such diversity
can be definitely ascertained.
Coloration. — Normally very close to typical rufa though fre-
quently of a slightly darker shade, but with head entirely pale
(usual) or entirely dark (often in dark individuals) and very
rarely with the area from occiput to just below the ocelli con-
TRANS. AiM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
2
354 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
spicuously darker than the remaining portions of the face (as is
normal in ruja rufa). A few unusually dark specimens before
US have the pronotum blackish chestnut, shading to morocco
red meso-cephalad (Santa Ana and San Jose, Costa Rica) . Three
specimens (Pozo Azul, Costa Rica) are not only very large and
robust, but are dark in general coloration with pronotum deep
bay, in one of these strongly and in one weakly but broadly mar-
gined cephalad and even more broadly laterad with tawny, and
with the marginal field of the tegmina in all ochraceous buff.
These specimens would at first glance appear widely distinct
from rufa occidentalis, but careful examination of the series
clearly shows that they represent no more than the maximum
intensive coloration in the series before us, accompanied by very
decided size development. Decided differences in size, tegminal
and wing development, with or without such variation in color,
is found throughout the present inextensive series.
Specimens Examined: 28; 14 males, 13 females and 1 immature individual.
Gulf coast of Texas, (Aaron), 1 9,==^ [M. C. Z.].
Vera Cruz, Vera Cruz, Mexico,^^ (Rev. T. Heyde), 1 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
Atoyac, Vera Cruz, Mexico, X, 11, 1887, (L. Bruner), 1 9 ; XII, (L. Bruner),
1 cf, 1 9, [all Hebard Cln.].
Fortin, Vera Cruz, Mexico, XI, 1887, (L. Bruner), 1 c?", [Hebard Cln.].
Orizaba, Vera Cruz, Mexico, I, 1898, 1 9 ; XI, 1887, (L. Bruner), 1 9 ,
[both Hebard Cln.].
Motzorongo, Vera Cruz, Mexico, II, 1892, (L. Bruner), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Benque Viejo, British Honduras, VII, 1906, (W. A. Stanton), 1 9 , [U. S.
N. M.].
La Palma, Costa Rica, 1500 meters, V, 1906, (W. R. Maxon), 2 cf , [U. S.
N. M.].
Juan Villas, Costa Rica, 1 cf, 19, 1 juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Azahar de Cartago, Costa Rica, X, 1902, 1 9 ,[A. N. S. P.].
San Jose, Costa Rica, IX and XII, 1902, 1 cf , 2 9 , [A. N. S. P.].
Santa Ana de Escazu, Costa Rica, XI, 1902, 2 cf , [A. N. S. P.].
Monte Redondo, Costa Rica, III, 1902, (L. Bruner), 2 cf , [Hebard Cln.].
P6zo Aziil de Pirris, Costa Rica, V to VI, 1902, 1 d', [A. N. S. P.]; (M. A.
Carriker Jr.), 2 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Costa Rica, 2 cf, 1 9,^ [A. N. S. P.].
23 This specimen and the type described from New Orleans, Louisiana, are
the only records of the species from north of Vera Cruz, Mexico. Rather
extensive study and field work along the Gulf coast in the United States, leads
us to be strongly of the opinion that these two northern records are based on
adventive, rather than indigenous, material.
" One specimen labelled "Mexico", has been recorded by Rehn as the syn-
onymous /. consobrina.
^ These specimens were presented to the Academy by Saussure, who labelled
them /. consobrina.
MORGAN HEBARD 355
SYMPLOCE2« new genus
(Plate XVII, figs. 8 and 9; pi. XVIII, fig. 4.)
This genus is closely related to Ischnoptera, differing in the
weak but evident mesal production of the caudal margin of the
pronotum,27 even convexity of the same without discal sulci,
longitudinal discoidal sectors of the tegmina,^^ strikingly bifur-
cate discoidal vein of both tegmina and wings, spines of cephalic
femora of heavy type throughout and differently specialized
distal dorsal abdominal segments in males.-^ The majority of
the species also have the median segment specialized in the males,
a feature not found in Ischnoptera.
Six American species are found in the material before us, those
previously described being referred without exception in recent
literature to the genus Ischnoptera.
Genotype. — Symploce capitata {Ischnoptera capitata) (Saus-
sure) .
Generic Description. — Pronotum much as in Ischnoptera, except
that the disk is smooth and evenly convex without sulci, and the
caudal margin is weakly obtuse-angulate produced with broadly
rounded apex mesad. Tegmina and wings fully developed.^o
Tegmina with discoidal sectors (these including branch of dis-
coidal vein, median and ulnar veins and their branches; the ulnar
vein normally showing more branches than the median vein)
longitudinal. Wings with area between discoidal vein and costal
26 From avfXTrXoK^ = woven together, in allusion to the position of the
present genus when compared with Ischnoptera and other genera of the Ischnop-
terites.
2^ This feature is also shared by numerous African and Asiatic forms, which
should properly be assigned to a closely related genus or genera, but all of
which are referred at present to Ischnoptera. A somewhat Epilamprine facies
results, which led Saussure to describe one of the exotic forms as Epilampra
blattoides. This distinctive species has been confused in past literature with
species of Symploce, similar alone in general appearance, and has been incor-
rectly synonymized by Kirby under /. rufescens ( = /. rufa rufa), a species well
separated in every way.
28 This is naturally not apparent in the female of S. lita, owing to the great
tegminal reduction there found.
29 The striking and pecuUar speciahzation of the sixth and seventh dorsal
abdominal segments, characteristic of the males of all the species of true
Ischnoptera, is not found in any of the species of the present genus.
^° Except in the female of S. lita.
TBANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
356 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
margin moderately narrow, slightly broader than in Ischnoptera,
the width greatest a little distad of the mesal point. Mediastine
vein extending slightly more than half the distance to the apex
of the wing, from which vein spring a nmnber of the costal veins,
none of these latter enlarged. Discoidal vein dividing mesad,
the two portions equally decided and showing only inconspicu-
ous distal furcations; a number of weak, well spaced, nearly per-
pendicular veinlets connect this vein with the median vein. Ulnar
vein weakly curved, with few (1 to 3) incomplete proximal rami
and more (4 to 5) distal rami extending to the margin of the
wing. Intercalated triangle small. Median segment of males
specialized.^^ When other specialization of the dorsal abdominal
segments occurs in males, this is confined to the sixth and eighth
segments; no appendages occur as in Ischnoptera. Male sub-
genital plate asymmetrical with variously highly specialized styles.
Cephalic femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed with rather
heavy elongate spines, which decrease' gradually in length meso-
distad and are terminated distad by three longer (in increasing
ratio) distal spines. Other ventral margins of femora furnished
with not numerous heavy elongate spines. Median and caudal
femora, in addition, supplied with a single elongate, heavy
genicular spine. Small arolia are present.
All of the species of this genus known to us are pale in general
coloration — buffy, in some species moderately to strongly tinged
with ochraceous. Distinctive characters of coloration are en-
tirely lacking in nearly all of the forms.
With the exception of the anomalous S. lita, which is here
described from Key West, Florida, and San Jose del Cabo, Lower
California, the species of the genus are confined to the Bahamas,
the Greater Antilles and the islands adjacent.
The Lita Group
This Group includes but a single species, known from southern
Florida and San Jose del Cabo, Lower California. The sexes
are very dissimilar, the females having the eyes very widely
separated, the tegmina decidedly reduced, subquadrate, and the
wings vestigial. The males show the normal tegminal and wing
development and venation for the genus, but have the median
'1 Except in S. lita.
MORGAN HEBARD 357
segment unspecialized and the supra-anal plate not produced, with
lateral margins furnished with a row of minute chitinous spines.
Symploce lita^z new species (Plate XVII, fig. 8; pi. XVIII, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4.)
The present species is very distinctive. In the interocular
space and form of ocelli the males agree more closely with S.
jamaicana than with any of the other, all widely separated, species
of the present genus.
Type.— d"; ^-^Key West, Florida. July 4, 1912. (M. Hebard.)
[Hebard Collection, Type no. 423.]
Description of Type. — Very similar in general structure to jamaicana,
size medium small, slightly larger than in that species; form moderately slender
as in jamaicana; slightly more slender than in (S*. capitata. Head with eyes
larger than in jamaicana or capitata. Interocular space three-fifths as wide
as interocellar space. Ocelli distinct, with surfaces of ocellar areas flat and
almost perpendicular to the plane of the interocellar area, their margins there
sharply rounded. Maxillary palpi with third and fifth (distal) joints subequal
in length, fourth joint slightly shorter. Pronotum of same form as in capi-
tata but proportionately deeper. Tegmina and wings fully developed, as
given in generic description, structure of same very deHcate. Median seg-
ment unspeciahzed. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with two small, mod-
erately deep, meso-proximal depressions, between which it is triangularly
raised with apex proximad, this portion thickly clothed with hairs, caudal
margin of segment rather strongly concave; seventh segment concealed except
narrowly laterad; eighth segment with narrow distal portion exposed, distal
margin strongly concave. Supra-anal plate transverse, not extending to
distal extremity of subgenital plate, lateral margins strongly convergent and
rounding into the broadly transverse mesal portion, lateral margins fur-
nished with a well spaced row of minute chitinous spines. Cerci slender
with lateral margins crenate, with eleven and twelve distinct joints, dorsal
surface flattened, ventral, surf ace convex. Subgenital plate weakly produced,
asymmetrical; dextral free margin produced obUque, nearly straight but
strongly upcurved to just beyond mesal point, there supplied with a minute
stout projection (style) with apex flat and margin shghtly produced sinistrad,
at the dextral base of which is a sharp, chitinous, curved spine of equal
length, sinistrad of this point the margin is sharply and briefly concave, from
which springs a projection (style) which is over twice as long but more
slender than the dextral style, and curved dextrad with apex tapering and
armed meso-distad with two minute, chitinous spines; beyond this the
sinistral portion of the free margin is straight, transverse. Limbs and arma-
ment of same as given in generic description.
'2 From XtTi7 = unadorned.
'3 We have described this specimen as tj'pe, since those of the Lower Cali-
fornia series are all dried alcoholic and complete data for them is not available.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
358 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Allotype. — 9 f* San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico.
[Hebard Cln.]
Description of Allotype. — Similar to type in ambisexual characters, differ-
ing very decidedly in the following features. Head with eyes decidedly
reduced; interocular space very broad, slightly broadei* than space between
antennal sockets. Ocelli but weakly defined, with area in which they are
located not as deep as in male and rounding more evenly into interocellar
area. Pronotum with caudal margin very weakly angulato-produced.^^
Tegmina greatly reduced, sub-rectangulate, transversely truncate at apex of
anal field with a weak concavity in discoidal field, distal angle on costal
margin broadly rounded, distal angle on sutural margin rectangulate and
sharply rounded, sutural margins straight and overlapping. Wings shorter
than tegmina, greatly atrophied, but with anterior and posterior fields still
defined. Supra-anal plate triangularly produced; lateral margins nearly
straight, very weakly and broadly concave; apex blunt but evenly rounded.
Subgenital plate convex, very weakly produced, with free margin weakly
convex except at base of cerci, where a very weak, broad concavity is
apparent.
The remaining males and females from Lower California show
scarcely any variation in structure from those described.
Measureme7its (in millimeters)
S B
° °-g ^-g °s "bS
Key West, Florida, iype 14 3.6 4.6 12.8 3.6
San Jose del Cabo, Lower Cali-
fornia 11.5 3.2 3.73" 11.1 3.1
San Jose del Cabo, Lower Cali-
fornia 12.7 3.7 4.2 12.7 3.7
9
San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower Cali-
fornia, aZZo<7/pe 12.3 3.7 4.6 4.1 3.1
San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower Cali-
fornia 11.4 3.7 4.3 4.8 3
San Jos6 del Cabo, Lower CaU-
fornia 11 3.4 4.1 3.9 3.1
^'^ The Lower Californian series is certainly conspecific with the Floridian
example; no other species of the group is known from these extremely different
and widely separated regions. It is possible that the alcohoHc series has been
incorrectly labelled.
^ This condition apparently accomi)anies the tcgminal reduction found in
this sex of the present species. See footnote 19.
^^ Shrivelling, due to drying after immersion in alcohol, has caused some
reduction in this dimension in a number of Lower Californian specimens.
MORGAN HEBARD 359
Coloration. — Type. Translucent ochraceous tawny, eyes dark
mummy brown, median portion of face ochraceous tawny. Limbs
and abdomen ochraceous buff, the latter shading to tawny distad.
Cerci ochraceous tawny. The males from Lower California are
paler than the type, probably due to alcoholic bleaching. This
must be considered likewise in the females from that locality,
which are chestnut to hair brown on head and abdomen, the
pronotum and tegmina slightly paler, kaiser brown to hazel.
The tegmina are translucent and in two specimens very slightly
paler than the pronotum.
Specimens Examined: 6; 3 males and 3 females.
Key West, Florida, VII, 4, 1915, (Hebard; in cupboard of hotel with swarms
of Blattella germanica and a few Supella supellectilium) , 1 d^,^' type, [Hebard
Cln.].
San Jose del Cabo, Lower California, Mexico, 2 c?', 3 9, (dried alcohohc),
[Hebard Cln.].
The Capitata Group
This group includes species known only from the Bahamas and
the Greater Antilles, all of which show rather general affinity
except *S. bicolor, the male genitalia of which are extraordinarily
specialized. Both sexes have fully developed tegmina and wings,
while the males have the median and distal dorsal abdominal
segments specialized and the supra-anal plate produced.^*
Symploce jaznaicana (Rehn) (Plate XVIII, figs. 5, 6 and 7.)
1903. Iscfmoptera jamaicana Rehn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xxix, p. 264.
[cf, Jamaica; 9, [Port Antonio,] Portland [Parish], Jamaica.]
Of the species of the Capitata Group, the Bahaman S. morsel
shows the nearest resemblance to the present species, the special-
ization of the dorsal surface of the male abdomen being in several
respects more similar than in any of the other closely related
species. The interocular space is appreciably less in jamaicana
than in the other species of the present group, in this respect and
in the ocelli, males agreeing more closely with that sex of S. lita.
Single type here selected. — cf ; Jamaica. [Acad. Nat, Sci. Phila.,
Type no. 5153.]
^^ Recorded by Rehn and Hebard as Ischnoplera riifcscens (Beauv.), (1914).
At that time the nomenclatorial confusion of rufa, rufescens, capitata and blai-
toides was at its height.
2* The character of this production in S. bicolor is, however, very different
from the type found in the other species.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
360 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERa)
Characters of cf . — Size somewhat variable but averaging smaller than in
S. capitata, form a little more slender. Head with eyes no larger than in
capitata; interocular space distinctly narrower than interocellar space, slightly
more than three-fifths as wide. Ocelli much as in lila but slightly smaller.'*
Maxillary palpi with third joint rather elongate, fourth slightly shorter, fifth
(distal) joint slightly shorter than fourth. Tegmina and wings as given in
generic description, fuUy developed. Dorsal surface of abdomen with median
segment distinctly specialized as in <S. morsei, sixth and eighth segments greatly
speciaUzed as in that species, supra-anal plate of similar character but some-
what more produced mesad with margin evenly convex, this portion not aa
strongly defined, as the emarginate angulation of the margins at the bases of
the cerci are weaker. Cerci slender, with twelve distinct joints. Subgenital
plate asj'mmetrical : dextral free margin weakly obhque produced and weakly
convex to mesal point, there the plate is suddenly produced in a smaU delicate
scute, shghtly broader than long with surface concave, this scute terminating
disto-dextrad in a small chitiuous thorn directed sinistrad, and terminated
disto-sinistrad in a longer process with aciculate chitinous apex directed dor-
sad, sinistral free margin weakly obhque produced nearly straight to base of
mesal scute. Limbs and armament of same as given in generic description.
Allotypehy elimination. — 9 ; [Port Antonio,] Portland [Parish],
Jamaica. [Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.]
Characters of 9 . — Similar to type in ambisexual characters, differing in
the following features. In form not distinctly broader than male. Inter-
ocular width nearly equal to that between oceUi. Dorsal surface of abdo-
men unspeciaUzed. Supra-anal plate twice as broad as long, triangularly
produced with immediate apex angulato-emarginate. Subgenital plate con-
vex, brief, with free margin brieflj^ but decidedly convex proximad then
distinctly concave at base of cerci, thence weakly convex to mesal point,
which is shallowly angulato-emarginate.
Measurements (in miXlimeters)
cf ^
Jamaica, type 10 . 7
Montego Baj% Ja-
maica (3) 10.7-11
Palm Beach, Jamaica 11.5
9
Port Antonio, Ja-
maica, allotype .... 10^"
Little Cayman Island 11.4
" The pale ocellar color is frequently obliterated in specimens when drjnng
and in consequence the ocellar spots appear obsolete in such examples.
*" Abdomen drawn up.
21
■go
c s
o —
^ 3
=> O
II
2.8
3.8
11.3
3.7
3.1-3
.2
4^.2
11.4-12.4
3.6-4.1
3.3
4.3
13
3.9
3
3.8
11.3
3.8
3.3
4.2
11.9
3.7
MORGAN HEBARD 361
Coloration. — Head, underparts and limbs warm buff to light
ochraceous buff. Eyes sepia. A dot of this color is found at
the base of each coxa and laterad on the second to sixth ventral
abdominal segments. Pronotum warm buff, very weakly washed
with tawny on the disk. Tegmina transparent warm buff. Dor-
sal surface of abdomen narrowly but conspicuously bordered
laterad with warm buff", mesal portion disto-laterad blackish
chestnut brown, shading to cinnamon brown and dresden brown
mesad and proximad; supra-anal plate of male warm buff with
proximo-mesal portion blackish chestnut brown, of female warm
buff.
Immature examples are very differently colored. Abdomen
beneath blackish brown, limbs ochraceous tawnj^, the head often
darker. Pronotum deep chestnut brown, paler caudad, with
lateral margins rather broadly, and cephalic margin more nar-
rowly, ochraceous buff. Mesonotum and metanotum likewise
rather broadly bordered laterad and mesal portions similarly
marked. Dorsal abdominal segments with lateral margins nar-
rowly and inconspicuously pale, mesal portions blackish chestnut
brown with each segment narrowly margined distad with russet.
Specimens Examined: 13; 5 males, 2 females, 6 immature examples.
Jamaica, (C. W. Johnson), 1 (f , type, [A. N. S. P.].
Port Antonio, Portland Parish, Jamaica, (C. "W. Johnson), 1 9, allolijpe,
[A. N. S. P.].
Gregory Park, St. Andrew Parish, Jamaica, X, 2.5, 1912, (Hebard; dead
leaves under acacia and other shrubs in desert tract), 2 juv. 9, 1 small juv.
9 , [Hebard Chi.].
Montego Bay, St. James Parish, Jamaica, III, 17, 1911, (J. A. Grossbeck;
under log), 1 d", [A. M. N. H.]; X, 28, 1912, (Hebard; under rubbish on Ume-
stone sand near beach in open), 3 cf , 2 juv. cf , 1 juv. 9 , [Hebard Cln.].
Little Cayman Island, IV, 1888, 1 9 , [M. C. Z.].
Symploce capitata (Saussure) (Plate XVII, fig. 9; pi. XVIII, figs. 8, 9, 10.)
1862. Bl[atla\ capUata Saussure, Rev. et Mag. Zool., 2e Scr., xiv, p. 167,
[cf , Cuba.]
The original description is poor, but the species was much
more fully and satisfactorily described by Saussure in 1864.^^
This distinctive species was unfortunately synonymized under
blattoides Saussure, by that author, in 1870.''- That species bears
« M6m. Mex., Blatt., p. 114, pi. I, fig. 19.
*2 Miss. Sci. Mex., Rech. Zool., Orth., p. 54.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
362 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERa)
to the present one a superficial resemblance, but belongs to an
Old World division of the Ischnopterites.
The present species, which is abundant over the island of Cuba,
has since 1870 been frequently recorded as hlattoides and since
1904 as rufescens, both of those species being generally referred
to the genus Ischnoptera. The change in 1904 was due to Kirby's
incorrect placing in that year of capitata and hlattoides under
rufescens.
Nearest relationship is found to S. morsel and S. flagellata, both
of which species, however, show distinctive and decidedly more spe-
cialized primary and secondary sexual features in the male. The
present insect is normally more reddish in general coloration and
the female is normally distinctly more robust than the male, repre-
senting the most robust condition found in the present genus.
Very decided size, tegminal and wing variation occurs in capi-
tata; such variation, it is probable, will be found in other species
of the genus when more extensive series are available.
Characters of cf . — (Havana, Cuba.) Size (in series) extremely variable,
medium small to large compared with the alhed species, averaging medium
large. Form moderately robust. Head with eyes large, not as large as in
S. lita, and well separated. Interocular space sUghtly narrower than intero-
cellar space. Ocelh small, with surfaces of ocellar areas slanting more weakly
to, and rounding more evenly into, the interocellar area than in lita. Prono-
tum moderately transverse, surface weakly convex and moderately declivent
laterad, with lateral margins cingulate; cephahc margin transverse, romiding
broadly at an obtuse angle into convex lateral margins, which are divergent
caudad and round broadly into the caudal margin, which is very weakly
produced, forming mesad a weak but distinct rounded angle. Tegmina and
wings as given in generic description; when reduction occurs this is foimd
to affect only the distal portions; structure of tegmina (normally) shghtly
more corneous than in the aUied species. Median segment bisulcate
proximo-mesad, in and about this area clothed with numerous long hairs,
and immediately caudad fm-nished with a large flat tuft of agglutinated
hairs directed cephalad. Succeeding dorsal abdominal segments to sixth
with latero-caudal angles each briefly acute-angulate produced caudad, and
with a small oval convexity laterad; sixth segment Httle specialized, moder-
ately depressed, with a weak medio-longitudinal carina; seventh segment
concealed; eighth segment mesad with free margin bearing a fringe of short
hairs, with free margin alone showing except latero-caudad, where the seg-
ment is produced in subtriangular, very deeply concave projections.^^ Supra-
anal plate slightly but not strikingly raised proximo-mesad; free margin
" It is these projections which Saussure has described, mistaking them for
part of the penultimate ventral abdominal segment. M6m. Mex., Blatt., p.
114.
MORGAN HEBARD 363
concave at base of cerci, thence moderately convergent and very weakly
convex, rounding into the broad transverse distal portion which is roundly
angulato-emarginate mesad, thus the mesal produced portion of the plate is
weakly bilobate and is over twice as broad as long. Subgenital plate convex,
distad on both sides more flattened and sloping upward to free margin; free
margin dextrad nearly straight produced, weakly convex to mesal point,
einistrad similar but slightly more convex; at mesal point the plate just within
the margin is produced in a very small scute cur\ang outward with apex
acute and directed sinistrad, at the sinistral base of this projection is situated
a chitinous spine which extends as far as the apex of the projection. Limbs
and armament of same as given in generic description.''*
Characters oj 9 • — (Cabanas, Havana, Cuba.) Similar to male in ambisexual
characters, differing in the following features. Form normally decidedly
broader. Interocular width appreciably greater than (normal), to slightly
less than (rare), that between the less distinct ocelli. Dorsal surface of abdo-
men not specialized. Supra-anal plate about twice as broad as long, trian-
gularly produced with immediate apex angulate emarginate, free margin lat-
erad weakly concave to nearly straight. Subgenital plate convex, brief, with
free margin much as in S. jamaicana but less sinuous, the mesal point being
often merely broadly and shallowly concave.
Measurements {in millimeters)
•5^ 5fl ^a 5S .aS
«l0 t*g i^O tjjMJ *e«>
^ a.Q Oq. rSo. aS 35
" a ^ ^ a "^
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. . 12.5 3.6 4.8 15.2 4.7
Havana, Cuba 10.2 2.9 3.9 11.2 3.6
Havana, Cuba 12 3.6 4.8 13.4 4.2
Isle of Pines 12.3 3.7 4.7 14.4 4.4
9
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba. . 13.2 3.9 4.9 12.9 4.3
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba.. 14.8 4.1 4.9 14.2 4.7
Cayamas, Cuba 11.2 3.4 4.4 7.9 3.3
Cayamas, Cuba 12.7 3.8 4.7 10.5 4
Havana, Cuba 10.2 3 3.8 9.7 3.1
Havana, Cuba 13.5 3.9 5.2 12.1 4.3
. ■** Though the concealed male genitalia may afford additional specific
characters, we have not sufficient material to examine these in the different
species. In capitata they are as follows: from within two elongate processes
project, just dextrad of the production on the subgenital plate; a stout, straight,
chitinous process with surface shagreenous and with apex blunt, above which
projects to an equal distance a slender, straight, chitinous process with apex
aciculate. Within at base of dextral ccrcus is a chitinous j)rocess shaped like
a pair of tarsal claws and directed mesad, the dorsal claw longer than the ven-
tral. At base of sinstral cercus is a chitinous plate produced in a stout, chiti-
nous, curved finger directed mesad.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
364 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
The very decided variation, in size and in length of tegmina
and wings, has evidently no geographic correlation. Though
the series is not sufficiently large to determine the full range of
variation, there appears to be sufficient material to show that
the normal size is approximately that of the nearly largest exam-
ples measured above; that the males normally have the tegmina
and wings extending beyond the apices of the cerci, while the
females are normally stouter with tegmina and wings extending
just beyond the apex of the abdomen. A single female has the
tegmina and wings decidedly reduced, falling short of the base
of the supra-anal plate, while two of this sex have these organs
as fully developed as in any of the males.
Coloration. — Head warm buff to cinnamon buff, often suffused
with ochraceous orange, eyes sepia. Pronotum ochraceous
tawny to buff (rare), usually slightly paler laterad. Tegmina
translucent, tawny to ochraceous buff (rare). Wings hyaline
with a faint brownish tinge, veins brownish, the mesal area
of the costal veins at the margin buffy. Dorsal surface of
abdomen: (d^) suffused with brownish, with lateral margins
narrowly buffy; ( 9 ) suffused with blackish brown particularly
distad, the buffy margins in consequence much more conspicu-
ous, these continued on and often extending over the entire supra-
anal plate. General color of ventral surface and limbs warm
buff to cinnamon buff, rarely suffused with ochraceous salmon,
and with prouts brown laterad on the abdomen; lateral dots of
sepia are present at base of each coxa and laterad on the second
to sixth ventral abdominal segments.
Specimens Examined: 20, 7 males and 13 females.
Vinales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, IX, 16 to 22, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 1 9 , (large,
caudate tegmina), [A. M. N. H.].
Cabanas, Pinar del Rio, Cuba, V, 21, (Palmer and Riley), 1 c?, 2 9 , ( c^, 1 9 ,
large, caudate tegmina), [U. S. N. M.].
Havana, Cuba, I, 26, 1904, (Hebard; cemeterio), Icf, 1 9,^^ (depauperate),
[Hebard Cln.]; (C. F. Baker), 4 d', 1 9, (normal), [Univ. of Kansas Cln.].
Cabanas, Havana, Cuba, I, 23, 1904, (Hebard), 2 9/^ (normal), [Hebard
Cln.].
San Antonio, Havana, Cuba, IV, 9, 1905, (G. Dinunock), 2 9, (normal),
[U.S.N. M.].
Cienfuegos, Santa Clara, Cuba, II, 13, 1902, 1 9 , (large), [Hebard Cln.].
*^ Recorded by Rehn as Ischnoplera nifescens (Beauv.).
*° Recorded by Rchn as Ischnoplera rujescens (Beauv.).
MORGAN HEBARD 365
Cayamas, Oriente, Cuba, II, 2 and 11, (E. A. Schwarz), 2 9 , (1 small, abl)re-
viate tegmina), [U. S. N. M.].
San Carlos Estate, Guantanamo, Cuba, X, 4 to 8, 1913, (F. E. Lutz), 1 9,
(large), [A. M. N. H.].
Isle of Pines, 1 c?, [M. C. Z.].
Syinploce morsei*^ new species (Plate XVIII, figs. 11, 12, 13.)
This insect represents the Bahaman development of the pres-
ent group, showing nearest relationship to »S'. capitata in the male
subgenital plate, which, however, is distinctly more highly special-
ized. In general apparance, *S. jamaicana, ynorsei, flagellata and
occasionally rather slender and less reddish examples of capitata,
are very similar.
Type. — cf ; Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas. Feb-
ruary 3, 1904 (M. Hebard.) [Hebard Collection, Type no. 124.]
Description of Type. — Size small, nearly as small as depauperate examples
of capitata; form moderately slender for the group, much as in jamaicana.
Head with eyes of normal size, as in capitata. Interocular space slightly
narrower than that between ocelli. Ocelli small, with surfaces of ocellar areas
rounding evenly into interocellar area, as in capitata. Pronotum as in
that species. Tegmina and wings as given in generic description, structure
of same deUcate. Median segment decidedly specialized, exactly as in
capitata. Sixth segment with latero-caudal angles acute-angulate produced
so that the distal margin is deeply concave, entire surface deeply concave,
but with a high medio-longitudinal carina and a bulbous swelling laterad
on each side; seventh segment concealed; eighth segment with brief distal
portion showing, distal margin deeply concave and latero-caudal angles
produced to base of cerci, this segment slightly raised for a brief space
mesad, where it is clothed with a heavy fringe of long hairs. Supra-anal
plate with surface ascending to a distinct, rounded, proximal, transverse
ridge opposite the elevation of the eighth segment, in this region supplied
laterad with rather numerous short hairs; free margins straight and
weakly oblique produced, then suddenly produced in meso-distal half
with margins briefly straight divergent, then convex convergent to a point
forming a weak mesal emargination, this produced portion more than twice
as wide as long. Subgenital plate showing an evident decidedly greater
specialization of the type found in capitata; dextral free margin moderately
oblique from base of cercus to mesal point, there the plate is produced in a
delicate rounded scute with ventral surface decidedly concave, this occupying
half of the remaining free margin of the subgenital plate, at its dextral base
*^ We take great pleasure in dedicating this interesting species to Dr. Albert
P. Morse, whose Orthopterological work stands on a plane of exceptional
excellence and accuracy, and to whom we are indebted for one of the few con-
tributions on Bahaman Orthoptera.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
366 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
is situated a gently curved, chitinous, flagellate process, which is slightly
longer than the mesal production, the sinistral portion of the free margin ia
weakly oblique and straight to this flagellate process. Limbs and armament
of same as given in generic description.
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Hebard Cln.]
Description of Allotype. — Similar to male in ambisexual characters, differing
in the following features. Size larger, form a little broader. Interocular
width very shghtly less than that between the less distinct ocelli. Dorsal
surface of abdomen not specialized. Supra-anal plate much as in capitata.
Subgenital plate much as in that species, but with emargination at bases of
cerci more decided and with scarcely any mesal emargination indicated.^*
Measurements {in millimeters)
B E
•5^ •S§ MO SB jaB
S.^
-a !- a ?i 'O «
d' ^ ^^ -^ ^ ts
Nassau, Bahamas, /y/je 11.7 3 3.8 11.4 3.6
Andros Island, Bahamas 12.6 3.4 4.2 13.2 3.9
Eleuthera Island, Bahamas 12 3.1 4 11.7 3.7
9
Nassau, Bahamas, fliZoiype 11.8 3.3 4.3 12.7 3.9
Nassau, Bahamas . 13.1 3.6 4.4 14 4.2
Eleuthera Island, Bahamas 11.3 3.7 4.7 12 4
The series is not sufficiently large to determine the degree of
variability which occurs.
Coloration. — Head, underparts and limbs light buff to ochra-
ceous buff; head with interocular area often more suffused with
tawny; dots on coxae and ventral abdominal segments as in
capitata, but normally very minute. Pronotum antimony yel-
low to ochraceous tawny, very slightly paler laterad. Tegmina
translucent, warm buff to weak ochraceous tawny. Dorsal sur-
face of abdomen much as in capitata, darker markings usually
not strongly defined.
A single immature example before us has the head ochraceous
tawny, limbs buckthorn brown, ventral surface of abdomen
blackish chestnut. Pronotum, mesonotum and metanotum
mars brown becoming darker laterad, there narrowly bordered
with ochraceous buff. Dorsal surface of abdomen blackish chest-
nut, very narrowly bordered laterad with ochraceous buff.
^* Were two of the species of the Capitata Group present in the same locality,
it would be a difficult task to separate the females, except in capitata and bicolor.
In the former a different, though slight, general facics from the others is usual,
in the latter this is more decided and constant.
MORGAN HEBARD 367
Specimens Examined: 11; 5 males, 5 females and 1 immature individual.
Bahamas, II, 11, 190o, (E. Wright; flew to trap), 1 9, [Morse Cln.].
Nassau, New Providence Island, Bahamas, II, 3, 1904, (Hebard; Fort
Charlotte), 1 d", 2 9,^^ type, allotype, parahjpe, 1 juv. 9, [Hebard Cln.].
Mangrove Cay, Andros Island, Bahamas, 1904, (O. Bryant), 1 6^,^° [Morse
Chi.].
Eleuthera Island, Bahamas, IV, 11 to 20, 1907, (C. J. Maynard), 3 c?, 2 9,
[M. C. Z.].
Symploce flagellata new species (Plate XVIII, figs. 14, 15, 16 and 17.)
Nearest in relationship to S. capitata, strikingly differing
from that species in the remarkable development of the male
sinistral specialized style. The present species does not show
the ferruginous tone of general coloration so frequent in
capitata, nor are the females as distinctly more robust than
the males.
Type. — -cf ; Desecheo Island, Porto Rico, West Indies. Feb-
ruary 18, 1914. (F. E. Lutz.) [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.]
Description of Type. — Size medium small and form moderately slender for
the group, much as in S. jamaicana and S. morsei. Head with eyes of nor-
mal size, as in capitata. Interocular space slightly narrower than interocellar
space. Ocelli, tegmina, wings and limbs as in capitata. Median segment
decidedly specialized as in jamaicana, capitata and morsei. Sixth dorsal
abdominal segment with latero-caudal angles acute-angulate produced, so
that the distal margin is deeply concave, entire surface deeply concave, but
with a high medio-longitudinal carina and a bulbous swelling proximo-
laterad on each side, this segment as in jamaicana and morsei; seventh seg-
ment concealed; eighth segment with free margin mesad bearing a fringe of
short hairs, with free margin alone showing except at the latero-caudal angles,
which are produced in subtriangular very deeply concave projections, this
segment as in capitata. Supra-anal plate with surface ascending to a moder-
ately distinct, rounded, proximal, transverse ridge opposite the hairs on the
eighth segment, in this region supplied laterad with rather numerous short
hairs; this plate almost exactly intermediate in contour and form between
that of capitata and of morsei. Subgenital plate moderately convex, free mar-
gin convex but in places somewhat flattened, at mesal point the plate just
within the margin is produced in a very small scute curving outward with
apex rounded, at its dextral base is situated a minute knob (dextral style),
at the sinistral base a tremendously elongate, chitinous, flagellate production
over half as long as the width of the subgenital plate, curving gently dextrad,
with distal portion curved dorsad and projecting slightly beyond the distal
margin of the supra-anal plate (sinistral style).
*^ Recorded by Rehn as Ischnoptera blatloides.
*" Recorded by Morse as Ischnoptera blatloides.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
368 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Allotype. — 9 ; same data as type. [Am. Mus. Nat. Hist.]
Description of Allotype. — Similar to male in ambisexual characters, differing
in the following features. Size very slightly larger, form appreciably broader.
Interocular width very slightly less than that between the less distinct ocelli.
Dorsal surface of abdomen unspecialized. Supra-anal plate much as in
capitata. Subgenital plate much as in that species, but with emargination at
bases of cerei more decided and without a mesal emargination."
Measurements (in millimeters)
S B
: 3
^-^ ^g -^i
°o % ° S
Desecheo Island, <2/pe 10.9 3.4 4.3 11.2 3.8
Mona Island 12.5 3.6 4.6 11.7 3.8
Mona Island 12.3 3.6 4.6 12.3 3.8
9
Saona, Haiti 10.5 3.6 4.7 11.8 3.S
Desecheo Island, aZZoi?/pe 12 3.8 4.8 12.2 4
Desecheo Island 11.6 3.7 4.5 11.9 3.9
Aguas Claras, Porto Rico 12 3.4 4.6 12.6 3.9
St. John, Danish West Indies ..12.2 3.7 4.7 12. 2 4.1
Coloration. — Head light buff to ochraceous buff, rarely washed
with ochraceous tawny between the eyes. Limbs and under-
parts of same general coloration, the ventral surface of the abdo-
men occasionally ochraceous tawny, the segments and coxae
with lateral dots of sepia as in capitata, these sometimes repre-
sented by large spots on the abdominal segments, while one
female has a dark brown spot mesad on the subgenital plate.
Pronotum ochraceous buff to ochraceous tawny, usually dis-
tinctly paler and buffy laterad. Tegmina translucent, pale
buckthorn brown. Dorsal surface of abdomen suffused to vary-
ing degrees with dark brown, narrowly margined laterad with
buffy, supra-anal plate blackish brown proximad with produced
mesal portion buffy.
Specimens Examined: 17; 3 males, 6 females^^ and 8 immature individuals.
Saona, Hayti, VII and VIII, (N. L. Orme Jr.), 1 9, [A. M. N. H.].
^1 One paratype shows a very slight emargination at this point; the female
subgenital plate can hardly be said to afford differential features between this
and the closely allied species of this group.
62 As we have no males from Hayti, Porto Rico proper and the Danish West
Indies, there is a possibility that other species are included. These specimens
agree so closely with unquestioned females of flagellata, however, that we
believe additional material will substantiate their proper assignment here.
MORGAN HEBARD 369
Desecheo Island, Porto Rico, II, 18 and 19, 1914, (F. E. Lutz; dead leaves
in sea-grape thicket and under low trees on hillside at 100 feet elevation), 1 d^,
2 9, type, alloiype and parutype, 4 juv. cT, 3 small juv. cf, 1 small jiiv. 9,
[A. M. N. H.].
Mona Island, Porto Rico, II, 22 and 24, 1914, (F. E. Lutz), 2 9, paratypes,
[A. M. N. H.].
Aguas Claras, Porto Rico, I, 19, 1914, 2 9 , [U. S. N. M.\.
St. John, Danish West Indies, 1 9, [M. C. Z.].
Symploce bicolor (Beauvois) (Plate XVIII, figs. 18, 19, 20 and 21.)
1S0.5. Blatta bicolor Beauvois, Ins. Rec. Afr. Amer., p. 183, pi. II)., fig. (i.
[San Domingo.]
Beauvois' figure is very rough and the Hne intended to show
the natural size of the specimen was omitted; his description is
also decidedly unsatisfactory. With a considerable series of
roaches before us from San Domingo, however, we find that the
material, here assigned to the siJecies, alone agrees in every
way.
The present insect and S. lita are much the most distinctive
of the genus; this is particularly shown here by the remarkable
and very unusual specialization of the male supra-anal plate.
Characters of cf. — (San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo.) Size rather
small and form moderately slender for this genus of moderately robust species.
Head with eyes not as large as in lita. Interocular space slightly narrower
than that between the ocelh, agreeing in this respect and in the ocelli with iS'.
capitata.^^ Pronotum very slightly more transverse than in that si)ecies. Me-
dian segment specialized as in capitala, and with succeeding dorsal abdominal
segments to sixth as in that species; sixth segment as in S. flagellata but with-
out any median elevation; seventh segment concealed; eighth segment with
entire distal margin fringed with hairs, otherwise as m flagdlata . Supra-anal
plate with distal portion produced mesad in a very slender, elongate, tapering
structure, which is considerably longer than the remaining proximal portion
of the plate and reaches to the distal margin of the subgenital plate, this struc-
ture is blunt at the apex, its lateral margins are briefly upcurled, between which
it is subchitinous; the remaining lateral portions of the free margin proximad
are weakly convex and almost transverse; surface of proximal portion of plate
with a medio-longitudinal ridge and a similar transverse ridge proximad, be-
tween these it is weakly concave. Subgenital i)late with surface more strongly
convex than in the other species of the Capitata Group, free margin convex
except just sinistrad of mesal point, where a brief but distinct concavity occurs,
above this from the inner edge of the margin springs a recurved rounded scute,
with a minute knob (dextral style) at its dextral base, and an elongate chitinous
*^ Usually with a distinctive interocular marking.
TKAX.S. AM. E\T. SOC, XLII.
3
370 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
flagellate production, which is directed sinistrad at base but curves strongly
dextrad and then caudad and extends beyond apex of production of supra-
anal plate (sinistral style) .
Characters of 9 • — (Azua, San Domingo.) Size and form, interocular width
and ocelli as in male. Supra-anal plate triangularly produced with apex
blunt, about as long as wide. Subgenital plate similar to that of the female of
capitata. Inconspicuous but distinctive features of coloration present.
Measurements {in millimeters)
B B
"o "o^ ""2 "SO — «
o Oo *> 0<1>
5-^ 5c MO :gS j=S
Mo Mg +jO tD^ «M
^^ a ^ k; :S .
San Francisco Moun-
tains, San Domin-
go (5).. 11.2-12.7 3-3.1 3.7-4 11.7-12.6 3.7-3
9
Azua, San Domingo 9.9 3 3.8 11.6 3.7
Coloration. — Head, limbs and ventral surface of abdomen cin-
namon buff, sometimes shading on the male subgenital plate to
ochraceous tawny. Head with a cinnamon brown suffusion at
the interocellar area, rarely with merely a weak cinnamon suffusion
there. Lateral dots of sepia at base of each coxa and laterad on
the second to sixth ventral abdominal segments, these expand-
ing into blackish brown areas in female. Pronotum with disk
cinnamon brown to ochraceous buff, washed with ochraceous
orange, lateral margins paler and areas above bases of wings
distinctly transparent.^^ Dorsal surface of abdomen dark prouts
brown, shading to cinnamon brown proximad, in female dark
brown margined with buffy.
Specimens Examined: 6; 5 males and 1 female.
San Francisco Mountains, San Domingo, IX, 1905, (A. Busck), 5 d',
[U. S. N. M.].
Azua, San Domingo, III, 17, 1913, (P. G. Russell), 1 9 , [U. S. N. M.].
XESTOBLATTA6S new genus
(Plate XIX, figs. 1, 2 and 5.)
This genus shows affinity to Symploce, agreeing in the weak
but evident mesal production of the caudal margin of the pro-
notum, even convexity of the same without discal sulci, longi-
'''' This is noticeable, but to a lesser degree, in the other species of the Capi-
tata Group.
'''' From fetrros and /3Xarra = polished roach.
MORGAN HEBARD 371
tudinal discoidal sectors of tegmina and spines of cephalic femora
of heavy type throughout. The discoidal vein ■ of the wings,
however, not only forks at slightly more than half the distance
to the apex, but beyond this point shows other distinct furca-
tions. The features of the male dorsal abdominal segments are
of a different general character, as are those of the supra-anal
and subgenital plates. The species are large and very broad
for the Ischnopterites, the tegmina have a strongly chitinous
appearance and the limbs are stout and, for the group, supplied
with heavy spines. These features give the species a distinctly
Epilamprine facies, a feature which, in part, led Griffi.ni to refer
his festae to Epilampra.
Three tropical American species are before us. From careful
study of the literature it is clear that five species are members of
the present genus, four being referred in recent literature to the
genus Ischnoptera and one here described as new.
The species of which we have no material are : —
Xestoblatta hamata (Giglio-Tos)
1898. I[schnoptera] hamata Giglio-Tos, Boll. Mus. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ.
Torino, xiii, No. 311, p. 4. [2 9, Santiago, Ecuador; 1 cf , Gualaquiza, Ecua-
dor.]
Xestoblatta sancta (Giglio-Tos)
1898. Jl-ichnoplcra] sancla Giglio-Tos, Ibid., p. .5. [5 9, t^an Jose, Ecua-
dor.]
In sequence hamata would appear to follow festae. Until the
male sex is known, the nearest relationship of sancta can not be
accurately determined.
The characters defining the present genus are given in part by
Giglio-Tos, in section I of his key before the descriptions of the
species listed above, the species there associated being all refer-
able to Xestoblatta.
Saussure and Zehntner's treatment in the Biologia,^*^ of Saus-
sure's previously described Ischnoptera ignohilis, though brief
and unsatisfactory, leaves little doubt but that material of a
different species is included. The position of ignohilis is ap-
parently near Ischnoptera vilis Saussure, but the Biologia
material from Guatemala apparently represents a species of
5«Biol. Ccnt.-Amer., Orth., I, p. ;37, (1894),
TR.\NS. .\M. ENT. SOC, XLII.
372 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERa)
XestohlaUa, near or the same as the species later described by
Griff].ni as festae.
No other species in the hterature can be referred without ques-
tion to the present genus.^^
Genotype. — XestohlaUa carrikeri new species.
Generic Description. — Structure robust. Head broad for the
group. Pronotum proportionately broader than in I schnojAera
or Symploce, with disk smooth and evenly convex without sulci,
latero-caudal angles situated at caudal margin, which is weakly
obtuse-angulate produced with broadly rounded apex mesad.
Tegmina and wings fully developed.^^ Tegmina with discoidal
sectors (these including the branch of discoidal, median and ulnar
veins and their branches; the ulnar vein not showing as many
branches as the median vein) longitudinal. Wings with area be-
tween discoidal vein and anterior margin broad, decidedly broader
than in Ischnoptera or Symploce, the width greatest a little distad of
the mesal point, this area heavily suffused but with costal veins not
enlarged. Mediastine vein extending slightly more than half the
distance to the apex of the wing, from which vein spring a number
of the costal veins. Discoidal vein conspicuously forked mesad,
with succeeding irregular but decided furcations. ^^ Numerous
weak perpendicular veinlets connect the discoidal and median
veins. Ulnar vein distinctly curved, with few (0-3 to 5) incom-
plete proximal rami and generally more (1-2 to 5) distal rami ex-
tending to the margin of the wing.^° Intercalated triangle large
and distinct, larger than in any other genus of the Ischnopterites.
Median segment of males not, or but little, specialized. Dorsal
surface of male abdomen with disto-lateral angles of sixth segment
moderately or greatly produced, or with median area specialized.
Male supra-anal plate little produced with brief meso-distal por-
tion subchitinous to different degrees. Male subgenital plate
^" Saussure's Ischnoptera peruana, described in 1862, may possibly be a
member of this or a closely allied genus. The description does not give suffi-
cient characters to place the species, though it is clearly not a member of
Ischnoptera.
^* These are much more elongate in the male than in the female of carriken
and/estoe, but of subequal length in nycliboroides and hamata.
^' In specimens with more elongate wings, the number of forks of the dis-
coidal vein is greater.
"" The consideralile diff(>rences here apparently due to the differences in
wing length.
MORGAN HEBARD 373
armed with variously elongate, inflexed. mobile, chitinous styles.^^
Limb armament as in Symploce but with spines heavier. Cephalic
femora with ventro-cephalic margins armed with heavy elongate
spines, which decrease gradually in length meso-distad and are
terminated by three longer (in increasing ratio) distal spines.
Other ventral margins of femora supplied with moderately nu-
merous heavy, elongate spines. Median and caudal femora, in
addition, supplied with a single heavy, elongate, genicular spine.
Small arolia are present.
All of the species of this genus known to us are moderately
dark in coloration wdth pronotum and tegmina having a decided
gloss. But one species, nyctihoroides, has the pronotum dis-
tinctively colored; this insect is rather widely separated from
the others, all four of which are closely' related.
The forms of the genus wall probably be found widely dis-
tributed from Costa Rica southward throughout the Amazon
Basin.
Xestoblatta nyctihoroides (Rehn) (Plate XIX, figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.)
1906. Uclmoptcra )tijctU)oroides Rehn, Proc. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., 190(),
p. 266. [1 9 , Demcrara, British Guiana.]
A specimen before us of the male sex agrees fully with the orig-
inal description and color diagnosis, but is apparently somewhat
darker. The insect is distinctive in coloration; the head and
pronotum being solid shining blackish brown with a chestnut
tinge, the pronotum narrowly margined laterad with ochraceous
buff, this continued around the cephalic margin as a narrow
thread of the same color. The tegmina are rich and shining
russet, except the marginal fields which are ochraceous buff and
the portion of the dextral tegmen concealed when at rest, which
is less polished and shows, in some lights, a metallic purplish
lustre along its inner margin (structural color).
As the male was previously unknown the following characters
are here given.
(f ; Igarapc Assu, Para, iira/.ii. .January 23, 1912. (H. S. Parish.) [A. N.
s. P.!
'■' Consequentl}', as the styles, when at rest, are directed across the inner
surface of tlie plate at the distal margin, they are almost entirely concealed
from below, and the plate's convex exterior would lead one, on hurried exam-
ination, to mistake the sex.
TKAXS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
374 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Head broad, interocular space equal to that between the pale ocelli, ocellar
areas weakly defined. Tegmina extending to apices of cerci. \\'ings suffused
with brown, this decided between discoidal vein and costal margin. Ulnar
vein with 0-1 incomplete and 1-2 complete rami. Dorsal surface of abdomen
weakly modified: median segment with few minute, stout hairs in latero-proxi-
mal depressions; disto-lateral angles of proximal segments sUghtly acute pro-
duced, this increasing Very slightly to sixth segment; seventh segment almost
entirely concealed; eighth narrowlj^ visible but moderately angulato-produced
laterad and there comprehending base of supra-anal plate. Supra-anal plate
transverse, not strongly rotundato-trigonal produced between cerci, this por-
tion subchitinous and, like the cerci, supplied with a number of long slender
scattered hairs. Subgenital plate transverse, broadly deplanate mesad, con-
vex laterad; distal margin weakly and irregularly undulating, narrowly sub-
chitinous and supplied with slender hairs between the highly specialized styles.
Within, at this margin, beneath the sinistral cercus, a minute chitinous cone
projects caudad with acute apex directed dextrad, and adjacent dextrad a
second more slender but longer projection, with acute apex, is directed dextro-
dorsad (sinistral style). The dextral margin of the plate is produced dorsad
in a narrow shelf shghtly proximad of the dextral cercus, which is continued in
an elongate, weakly and irregularly undulating, mobile, cylindrical shaft, with
its rounded apex supplied with a few minute hairs, this shaft directed sinistrad
and extending along the distal margin of the plate to its mesal point.
Measurements (in millimeters)
d'
Igarape Assu, Brazil 17
■SB
M W)
4.2
•- ft
°B
1G.4 4.8
Only the male here discussed is before us.
Xestoblatta carrikeri'-'- new species (Plate XIX, figs. 5, 6 and 7.)
The present species is apparently nearest X. hamata, differing
from that species and from X. festae in the dorsal surface of the
male abdomen having the sixth^'^ segment specialized mesad and
its latero-caudal angles but weakly produced. The male geni-
talia, particularly the styles, are also very different from those
of festae and, as far as we can determine from the description,
very dissimilar also from those of hatnata.
In the female the tegmina and wings are much more abbre-
viate than in hamata, the latero-caudal angles of the sixth seg-
^2 We dedicate this species to the collector of the type, Mr. M. A. Carriker,
Jr., whose work in tropical America has been very extensive and fruitful.
"' Ciglio-Tos, in his descrijition of hamata, gives this as the seventh segment,
evidently counting the median segment as the first.
MORGAN HEBARD 375
ment are but weakly produced and the coloration is generally
paler. Compared with the description of the female of X.
sancta, that sex of the present species is slightly smaller, with
distinctly shorter tegmina and wings, and differs, as from hamata.
in the dorsal abdominal features; also, though agreeing in the
paler coloration, the anterior margin of the wing is unicolorous,
dark, with no pale marking as described for sancta.
Type. — cf ; Cincinnati, Santa Marta, Colombia. 4500 feet.
July 10, 1913. (M. A. Carriker Jr.) [Hebard Collection, Type
no. 427.1
Description of Type. — Size rather large, form robust. Interocular space
about one and one-half millimeters wide, equal in width to interocellar space.
Ocellar areas weakly defined, but oceUi strikingly pale. Pronotum much as in
festae.^* Tegmina and wings reaching well beyond apices of cerci, the wings
have 2 incomplete and 4 complete rami of the ulnar vein.^ Median segment
unspecialized. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment with a large median depression
heavily clothed with minute hairs, its latero-caudal angles weakly acute-an-
gulate produced caudad; seventh segment concealed; eighth with latero-
caudal angles more sharply and strongly produced than those of sixth, and
embracing the proximo-lateral portion of supra-anal plate to near cereal bases.
Supra-anal plate transverse; weakly produced and weakly bilobate between
the cerci, this portion strongly subchitinous and fringed distad with fine hairs.
Subgenital plate subdeplanate in large mesal portion, rounding sharply into
narrow lateral portions which are nearly perpendicular; lateral margins straight
to distal third, which is straight, transverse and subchitinous, these margins
fringed with fine hairs. At the disto-lateral angles formed by the free margin,
spring from the inner surface of the plate elongate chitinous, mobile, cyUndrical
arms, when at rest directed across the dorsal surface of the plate above the
distal margin (specialized styles) ; the sinistral is slender, extending nearly to
the disto-dextral angle, tapering slightly to the shghtly enlarged and roughly
rounded apex; the dextral extends slightly beyond the disto-sinistral angle,
is moderately stout to a moderate mesal swelling, then slender to its elon-
gate clubbed apex, which bears a sharp dorsal thorn with point directed
sinistrad.
Allotype. — 9; same data as type. [Hebard Cln.]
Description of Allotype. — Agrees with male except in the following features.
" The general contour of the pronotum appears to be much the same in all
the known species. In X. nyctihoroides, however, the even convexity of the
inner margin of the narrow pale border gives the pronotum a false appearance
of its margin being more evenly convex cephalad.
'''-' From slight irregularities in the structure of these forks in the small series
of the genus before us, it api)ears probable that considerable individual numeri-
cal diversity will be found to occur in the species.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
376 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERa)
Form slightly broader, thus interocular space is slightly wider. Tegmina and
wings distinctly less elongate. The wings have 1 incomplete and 4 complete
rami of the ulnar vein. Sixth dorsal abdominal segment unspecialized mesad,
but with latero-caudal angles weakly acute-angulate produced caudad; seventh
segment almost hidden, but with minute, conical, chitinous projections laterad
at production of sixth segment; eighth segment narrowly visible with latero-
caudal angles hardly produced. Supra-anal plate rotundato-trigonal pro-
duced between cerci, with traces of a medio-longitudinal sulcation strongest
at the apex. Subgenital plate strongly convex; free margin convex, this weak-
est mesad.
Measurements {in rnilUmeters)
S E
Cincinnati, Colombia
mM
Type 19 4.6 6.3 20.4 5.9 3.7
9
Allotype 17.6 4.8 6.8 17 5.3 2.8
Coloration. — The sexes are very similar in coloration, the fe-
male having the face markings darker and the abdomen more
suffused. Head dark ochraceous buff, the vertex to immedi-
ately below the clear ochraceous buff ocelli, deep chestnut brown,
and below the ocelli a narrow transverse band of the same show-
ing some ventral convexity. Pronotum buckthorn brown with
disk heavily washed with russet, this fading gradually into the
marginal portions. Tegmina translucent dresden brown, the
marginal field slightly paler. Wings with anterior field from
costal margin to discoidal vein and in area of ulnar forks,
heavily washed with cinnamon brown, posterior field washed
with cinnamon brown, heavily in area of axillarj^ forks. Dor-
sal surface of abdomen, in male, buckthorn brown washed with
chestnut brown laterad and distad, with subchitinous portion of
supra-anal plate buckthorn brown; in female, much more heavily
washed with blackish chestnut brown laterad and caudad, includ-
ing all of supra-anal plate. Cerci above dark briefly proximad,
remaining portion pale; below dark. Limbs ochraceous buff
washed with russet distad. Ventral surface of abdomen, of male,
chestnut becoming ochraceous tawny laterad, subgenital plate
strikingly blackish brown, very narrowly margined laterad and
caudad with ochraceous tawny; of female, shining blackish chest-
nut brown, becoming paler meso-proximad.
The species is known from the described pair.
MORGAN HEBARD 377
Xestoblatta festae (Griffiui) (Plate XIX, figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11.)
1896. Elpilarnpra] festae (iriffini, Boll. I\Iu.s. Zool. Anat. comp. Univ.
Torino, xi, No. 236, p. 2. [fl 9], Punta de Sabana, Darien.]
1898. I[sclinoptera] festae Giglio-To.s, ibid., xiii, Xo. 311, p. 3. (Same
material.)
The present species is closely related to the two which follow
in the genus, hamata and sancta. This we are able to determine
for hamata, from the male specimen of festae now before us.
Compared with Giglio-Tos' description of hamata very close
relationship is found, but in that species the male abdomen appar-
ently shows some differences of structure, while the females ap-
parently differ in having tegmina and wings as long as in the
male, and the supra-anal plate with a medio-distal incision. Com-
pared with the description of sancta the same differences for the
female appear to occur, in that species a feature of different wing
coloration also being remarked.
Compared with the male of X. carrikeri that sex of the present
species is found to be very distinct; the females are less easily
separated, though the present species is less robust, more reddish
in general coloration, with latero-caudal angles of dorsal abdom-
inal segments, particularly of the sixth, more produced, and
longer cerci. In both sexes of the present insect the wings are
less deep, and the cephalic markings, though of the same gen-
eral character, show a distinctive difference, the chestnut brown
of the vertex not extending below the dorsal margins of the
ocelli; the ventral surface of the abdomen is pale in both sexes,
suffused with darker brown distad.
As the male of this species is undescribed we here give the fol-
lowing characters.
Description of Male. — (Rio Machuca. Costa Rica.) Size large, form robust.
Interocular space about one and one-fourth millimeters wide, siiglitly narrower
than interocellar space. Ocellar area weakly defined and interocular space
as pale as ocelli. Pronotum weakly convex to narrow lateral portions, which
are rather strongly but evenly deflexed.''" Tegmina and wings with veins
more pronounced than in carrikeri and wings less deep, with intercalated
triangle narrower."'" Median segment with low lateral ridges which, converging,
meet meso-cephalad and are supplied on their inner faces wath minute hairs,
^" The general pronotal form is the same for all the species of the genus, as
given in the generic description.
*^ The ulnar vein has 5 incomplete and 5 complete rami.
TRAXS. A^r. ENT. SOC, XLII.
378 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
the mesal area between these ridges subchitinous. Dorsal abdominal seg-
ments all with latero-caudai angles similarly acute-angu'.ate produced to
sixth segment; sixth segment narrowly visible, except laterad where the latero-
caudai angles are very strongly produced, with rounded apex extending beyond
median portion of eighth segment, and external margin curled over; seventh
segment with apparent portion nearly as narrow as sixth but not produced
laterad; eighth segment more broadly visible, with caudal margin showing a
small triangular production above each cercus, and strongly concave mesad
between these. Supra-anal plate weakly produced and weakly bilo])ate
between cerci, and fringed distad with fine hairs, the structure showing only
traces of a subchitinous condition along the distal margin. Subgeiiital plate
weakly convex, narrowly but strongly reflexed along the sinistral i)ortion of
its free margin, which is heavily chitinous and armed with three widely spaced,
stout, short dorsal teeth, this part extending to beneath the sinistro-distal
curve of the supra-anal plate, thence the free chitinous margin is weakly
oblique, nearly transverse, to beneath the dextral style, but a narrow cartila-
ginous mantle covered with numerous minute hairs occupies this margin, the re-
maining l:)rief dextral portion of the margin is straight, longitudinal to the base
of the plate, in greater part occupied by the cartilaginous integument connect-
ing the stout chitinous base of the dextral style with the plate. From within
at the base of the plate, at its sinistral margin, an elongate, stout but tapering,
chitinous arm is weakly curved dextrad, extending to the distal extremity of
the heavy, sinistral, marginal portion of the plate; this greatly speciaUzed
sinistral style is armed on its outer face at the extremity of its stout proximal
third with a short stout tooth, the distal portion of the style is strongly curved
to its acute apex. Dextrad, beneath the cercus, from the inner surface of the
sul)genital plate at its dextral margin, springs another heavier, elongate, chiti-
nous arm, stout at its base, liut slightly beyond bearing two elongate, slender,
adjacent, dorsal, membranous cylindrical processes, which spring from a brief
chitinous base and have acute chitinous apices, from this point the main
shaft is more slender, slightly tapering and curving weakly caudad to the apex,
which bears two minute, chitinous teeth and nearly reaches the apex of the
sinistral arm. These arms (highly speciahzed styles) are mobile, connected
with the subgenital plate at their bases by a cartilaginous integument; when
at rest they lie along the inner surface of the subgenital plate at its free mar-
gin."*
The females before us agree closely with Griffini's description.
We would note the following features.
Characters of 9 . — (On S. S. Tenadores, en route.) Similar to male, but with
much shorter tegmina and wings.''" Dorsal abdominal segments of the general
character of those of carrikeri, but all showing a slightly greater production.
Supra-anal plate convex produced between cerci, showing hardly a trace of
"•^ Thus, in dried material, their form can probably seldom be seen without
relaxing.
''"The ulnar vein of the wings has 1 to 2 incoiiipietc and 2 to W complete
rami in the two females before us.
MORGAN HEBARD
379
a medio-longitudinal sulcu;^."" Subgenital plate convex, with distal portion
between ceroi somewhat flattened, leaving apertures between this and the
supra-anal plate at the cereal bases.
Measurements {in millimeters)
S S
3 '"^5 '"^ "o^ «*-C *o.«
-> 2o o^ °g o§ °2
~— ■ ~ a ^ a ■^S jaS So
cf ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ »3
Rio Machuca, Costa
Rica 18 4.8 7 22.7 5.8 4.4
9
Gatun, Panama 18. o 4.8 6.4 18 5.3 3.4
Adventive 16.3 4.3 6 17 5 3.7
The important features of coloration are discussed above.
Specimens Examined: 3; 1 male and 2 females.
Rio Machuca, Costa Rica, 150 meters, I, 1907, (P. Biolley), 1 d", [A.N.S.P.j.
Gatun , Panama, VII, 19 to 22, 1916, (D. E. Harrower), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.].
S. S. Tenadores, en route New York, to Colon, Panama, X, 19, 1913,
(Hebard; dead in hold), 1 9, [Hebard Cln.l.
'" Taken in its entirety, the supra-anal plate roughly shows a somewhat
trapezoidal contour, as described by Griffini.
TRANS. A.M. ENT. SOC, XLII.
380 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
EXPLANATION OF PLATES
Plate XVI
Figures greatly enlarged.
Fig. 1. — Ischnoptera atrata new species. cj',type. Caparo, Trinidad. Dorsal
view of supra-anal plate."
Fig. 2. — Ischnoptera atraia new species, c?, type. Ventral view of subgenital
plate.
Fig. 3. — Ischnoptera ruf a ruf a (DeGeer). d'. Arecibo, Porto Rico. Dorsal
view of supra-anal plate and preceding segments.''^ A. Char-
acteristic specialization of the sixth and seventh dorsal abdominal
segments in males of Ischnoptera.
Fig. 4. — Ischnoptera ruf a rufa (DeGeer). cf. Arecibo, Porto Rico. Ven-
tral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 5. — Ischnoptera rufa debilis new subspecies, c?, type. Santa Maria de
Dota, Costa Rica. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate'^ and preceding
segments.
Fig. 6. — Ischnoptera rufa debilis new subspecies, cf , type. Ventral view of
subgenital plate.
Fig. 7. — Ischnoptera rufa occidentalis Saussure. cf. Vera Cruz, Mexico.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 8. — Ischnoptera vulpina new species, d', type. Caparo, Trinidad.
Dorsal view of supra-anal plate.
Plate XVII
Full figures and wing, three times natural size. Other figures greatly en-
larged, except dorsal secondary sexual process which is highly magnified.
Fig. 1. — Ischnoptera morio Burmeister. <d . Caracas, Venezuela. Cephalic
view of cephalic femur.^'*
Fig. 2. — Ischnoptera morio Burmeister. cf ■ Caracas, Venezuela. Diagram
of wing.'^
" In figures 1, 3, 5 and 8 of this plate, and figure 4 of Plate XVII, the areas
of the supra-anal plates figured, which are occupied by a soft or subchitinous
integument, are indicated by faint irregular lines.
" The specialization of the sixth and seventh dorsal abdominal segments is of
the same character throughout the genus Ischnoptera, showing no specific
diagnostic differences.
" The outline and extent of the subchitinous area of the male supra-anal
plate shows considerable individual variation in the races of /. rufa and, in
consequence, this feature is not of as great importance as might otherwise be
inferred from consideration of figures 3 and 5.
'■• Characteristic for the genus Ischnoptera.
'* Characteristic for the genus Ischnoptera.
mor(;an hebard 381
Fig. 3. — Ischnoplera morio Eurnieister. d'. Caracas, Venezuela. Lateral
outline of one of the paired secondary sexual processes of the sixth
dorsal abdominal segment. '"^
Fig. 4. — Ischnoptera morio Burmeister. o^. Caracas, Venezuela. Dorsal
view of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Fig. 5. — Ischnoptcra morio Burmeister. <f . Caracas, Venezuela. Ventral
view of subgenital j)late.
Fig. 6. — Ischnoplera vulpina new species. (^,type. Caparo, Trinidad. Ven-
tral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 7. — I schnoptern angustifrons new species, cf , type. Rio Pacaya, Peru.
Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 8. — Symploce lita new species, cf , type. Key West, Florida. Dorsal
outline.
Fig. 9. — Symploce capitala (Saussure). 6^. Havana, Cuba. Dorsal out-
line.
Plate XVIII
Figures all greatly enlarged.
Fig. 1. — Sy)n ploce lita nevf species. (d,type. Key West, Florida. Cephalic
view of head.
Fig. 2. — Symploce lita new species, d^, type. Dorsal view of supra-anal
plate and preceding segment."
Fig. .3. — Symploce lita new species, cf , type. Ventral view of subgenital
plate.
Fig. 4. — Symploce lita new species, cf, type. Cephalic view of cephalic
femur."^
Fig. 5. — Symploce jamaicana (Rehn). cf, type. Port Antonio, Jamaica.
Dorsal view of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Fig. 6. — Sympdoce jamaicana (Rehn). c?', type. Lateral outhne of dorsal
contour of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Fig. 7. — Symploce jamaicana (Rehn). d'jtype. Ventral view of subgenital
plate.
Fig. 8. — Symploce capitata (Sau.ssure). cf. Havana, Cuba. Dorsal view
of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Fig. 9. — Symploce capitata (Saussure). cT. Havana, Cuba. Lateral out-
line of dorsal contour of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Fig. 10. — Symploce capitata (Saussure). c?. Havana, Cuba. Ventral view
of subgenital plate.
Fig. 11. — Symploce morsei new species, cf , type. Nassau, Bahamas. Dor-
sal view of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
'^ Characteristic for the genus I schnoptera.
" The figures of the supra-anal plate are, as in the other plates of the present
paper, placed with outline of free caudal margin directed toward the bottom of
the plate.
'** Characteristic for the genus Symploce.
TRANS. AM. KXT. SOC, -XLH.
382 STUDIES IN THE ISCHNOPTERITES (oRTHOPTERA)
Fig. 12. — Symploce morsei new species, cf , type. Lateral outline of dorsal
contour of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Y](r_ 13. — Symploce morsei nevr •specie'', d'.fype- Ventral view of subgenital
plate.
Fig. 14. — Sytnploce flagellata nev; species. J, type. Desecheo Island, Porto
Rico. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate and preceding seg-
ment.
Fig. 15. — Symploce flagellata new species. d',type. Lateral outline of dorsal
contour of supra-anal plate and preceding segment.
Fig. 16. — Symploce flagellata new species. cT, type. Ventral A-iew of sub-
genital plate.
Fig. 17. — Symploce flagellata new species. <?, type. Caudal view of
sub-genital plate shovring greater portion of flagellate produc-
tion.
Fig. 18. — Symploce bicolor (Beauvois). cT. San Francisco Mountains, San
Domingo. Dorsal view of supra-anal plate and preceding .seg-
ment.
Fig. 19. — Symploce hicolor (Beauvois). d'. San Francisco Mountains, San
Domingo. Lateral outline of dorsal contour of supra-anal plate
and preceding segments, showing the very decided declivity
cephalad.
Fig. 20. — Symploce bicolor (Beauvois). cf. San Francisco Mountain.'^. San
Domingo. Ventral view of subgenital plate.
Fig. 21. — Symploce hicolor (Beauvois). cf. San Francisco Mountains, San
Domingo. Caudal \'iew of subgenital plate showing flagellate
production.
Plate XIX
Speciahzed styles highly magnified.
Fig. l.—Xestoblatta nyctiboroides (Rehn). cT. Igarape Assu, Brazil.
Dorsal outUne of pronotum.'s ( X 7)
Fig. 2. — Xestoblatta nyctiboroides (Rehn). cf . Igarape .\ssu, Brazil. Ce-
phalic view of cephahc femur.*" ( X 5)
Yig. 3.— Xestoblatta nyctiboroides (Rehn). cf. Igarape -\ssu, Brazil.
Caudal view of subgenital plate showing speciahzed styles.
Fig. ^.—Xestoblatta nyctiboroides (R.e\m). cT. Igarape Assu, Brazil. Dor-
sal view of distal portion of abdomen. A. Sixth dorsal abdominal
segment. ( X 3j)
Fig. 5. — Xestoblatta carrikeri new species, c?, type. Santa Marta. Colom-
bia. Diagram of wing.^i ( X 4)
" The contour of this figure is characteristic for the species of the genus
Xestoblatta. The dotted line indicates the inner margin of the pale border in
the species.
«" Characteristic for the species of the genus Xestoblalta.
** Characteristic for the genus Xestoblatta.
MORGAN HEBARD 383
Explanation of diagram of wing in Xestoblatta.
C. M. Costal Margin.
C. Costal Veins. These are simple, not clubbed, in the species of the
Group Ischnopterites, the proximal costal veins springing from the
Mediastine Vein.
I. T. Intercalated Triangle. Weakly indicated in the majority of species
of the Group Ischnopterites, this area .shows its greatest development
in Xestoblatta of the knowTi genera.
M. Median Vein. This vein very rarely divides distad as shown. Nor-
mally undivided in the Group Ischnojiterites, such inconspicuous
distal division as here figured is attributable to individual variation
onh'. In this portion of the wing, similar individual variation in
the adjacent veins is frequently found.
Ax. Axillary Vein.
A. Anal Vein. This vein becomes subobsolete at the ai)ex of the Inter-
calated Triangle.
F. D. Fork of Discoidal "\'ein. Characteristic of Xestoblatta and Symploce.
D. Discoidal Vein. The branches of the distal divisions of this vein are
heavier and more striking in Xestoblatta than in Symploce; in that
genus, the arms of the first fork alone are equally heavy and con-
spicuous.
U. Ulnar ^'ein. The number of rami of this vein is greatly reduced in
individuals of Xestoblatta showing wing reduction.
Ms. Mediastine Vein.
P. Peripheral IMargin. Into which run; the Axillary' ^"ein, its rami and
the Radiate Veins.
R. Radiate Veins.
-Xestoblatta carrikeri new species, cf , tiipe. Santa Marta, Colom-
bia. Caudal view of portion of subgenital plate showing spe-
cialized styles.
-Xestoblatta carrikeri new species, d', type. Dorsal view of distal
portion of abdomen. A. Depressed median specialization of
sixth dorsal abdominal segment.
-Xestoblatta festae {Griffini) . cf. Rio ^lachuca, Costa Rica. Dor-
sal view of sinistral speciaUzed stj-le.
-Xestoblatta festae (Griffini). cT. Rio Machuca, Costa Rica.
Caudal view of sinistral specialized style and sinistral margin of
subgenital plate, showing the armament of that margin. ( X 3)
-Xestoblatta festae (Griffini). d'. Rio Machuca, Costa Rica.
Caudal view of dextral specialized style.
-Xestoblatta festae {Griffini). cf. Rio Machuca, Costa Rica. Dor-
sal view of distal portion of abdomen. A. Latero-caudal produc-
tion of sixth dorsal abdominal segment. ( X 3)
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
Fig.
6.-
Fig.
7.-
Fig.
8.-
Fig.
9.-
Fig.
10.
Fig.
11.
O. A. JOHANNSEN 385
NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE (DIPTERA)
BY O. A. JOHANNSEN
In arranging the Anthomyiidae of the Cornell University Col-
lection, for the purpose of listing the New York State species in the
forthcoming "Catalogue of the Insects of New York," I found
ninety species from this state, about three-fourths of which have
already been recorded from the eastern United States. Of the
remainder, which cannot be satisfactorily identified with known
forms, eight are published herewith as new. The others, since
they are represented either by poorly preserved specimens or by
females only, it is inexpedient to describe.
The assignment of the species to genera is in accordance with
the recent classification of Schnabl and Dziedzicki, and prac-
tically that of Stein in the "Katalog der palaearktischen Dip-
teren," Vol. 3. The terminology of the setae of the legs given by
Stein has been adopted as being the most natural. The insect
is assumed to be standing with the fore and hind femora parallel
with the body, the former turned forward, the latter backward,
the middle femora at right angles to the body, and the tibiae
vertical. When in this position the sides of femora and tibiae
turned cephalad are called anterior, those turned caudad are
called posterior. The terms extensor and flexor sides are self-
explanatory. Thus an outer lateral extensor seta of the fore
tibia is one which is on the side of the tibia outward and forward
from the body.
For the benefit of those who do not have access to the work of
Schnabl and Dziedzicki, it has been thought useful to give an
adaptation of their key to the subfamilies (exclusive of the Mus-
cinae) , as well as a short diagnosis of each of the genera, to which
species in this paper have been referred.
Key to the Subfamilies
A. Sterno-pleural setae arranged in an equilateral triangle; d. c. 4, rarely 3 or
5; the seta on the posterior median extensor surface (calcar of Schnabl) of the
hind tibia placed very low, becoming preapical in position; eyes of both male
and female usually widely separated; anal vein abbreviated; wing not rilled;
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
r ' ■ 1 - : ■ " • • ^ : ■ ". r
386 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
abdomen often with four to eight spots; caudal margin of the fifth ventral
sclerite of the male deeply notched on the median line usually to beyond the
middle; the fulcrum of the hypopygium produced caudad . . .Coenosinae
AA. Sternopleurak, if three are present, arranged in the order 1:2 in a right
triangle (except in Lispocephala, Limnospila, and Dialyta) ; eyes of the male
usually more or less approximate, often contiguous; anal vein sometimes
produced to the margin (in the Anthomyiinae) ; wings often rilled; caudal
margin of the fifth ventral sclerite of the male usually with a shallow median
notch, in some genera deeply two or three notched; fulcrum of the hypopygium
produced cephalad (except in Euryomma, Limnospila and Coenosites).
B. Underside of the scutellum more or less sparsely covered with fine hairs;
anal vein (with very rare exceptions) produced to the. margin of the wing;
squamae often small and equal, and not contiguous at the base.
Anthomyiinae
BB. Underside of the scutellum bare; anal vein does not reach the margin of
the wing. , i >
C. First anal vein short, second anal suddenly flexed upwards; sterno^
pleurals often arranged in the order 1 :1 ; posterior extensor surfa,ce of the
hind tibiae with one or two setae Fanninae
CC. Anal veins parallel or divergent.
D. Seta on the posterior median extensor surface of the hind tibiae
absent (except in the exotic Limnaricia and Coenosites, in which the
anterior supra-alar seta ("pra" of Stein) of both sexes and the cruciate
petae on the front of the female are Wanting, the former genus with
6, the latter with 7 pairs of d. c).
E. Thorax with an uneven number of dark stripes, or unmarked;
scutellum with only the larger basal and subapical setae; face and
oral margin usually produced; R4+6 and M1+2 parallel or slightly
convergent, more rarely divergent; no cruciate setae on the front of
the female; "pra" minute or wanting; usually sparsely and short-
setose species Limnophorinae
EE. Thorax with an even number of dark stripes or rarejy unmarked;
scutellum with stout discal, prebasal and preapical setae in addition
to the basals and subapicals (except in the exotic ^noplopteryx and
Linmarida): face usually vertical, rarely produced; R4+5 and Mi+j
usually diverging or parallel; cruciate frontals usually absent;
"pra" often present; usually strongly setose species. . . .Mydaeinae
DD. One (rarely more) seta on the posterior median extensor surface of
the hind tibiae present; the cruciate frontal setae in the female and the
anterior supra-alar bristle (pra) not simultaneously wanting, except in
Dialyla in which "pra" is very small and may be absent, and in Tri-
chopticus in which the eyes are hairy Aricinae
Coenosinae
The genera Schoenomyza, Hoplogaster, Phyllogaster and Coenosia
are represented in New York State.
O. A. JOHANNSEN 387
Anthomyiinae { = Hylemyiinae-Pegomyiinae Schn.-Dz.)
The genera thus far found in New York are Hammomyia,
Hylephild, ' tiylemyia; Chortophila { = P)xorhia), Hydrophor'a,
Eusialomyia, Eremomyia, Anthomyia and Pegomyia.
HAMMOMYIA Rondani
In this genus the head is strongly inflated or buccate, the front
projecting out from between the eyes, with broad genae and
buccae; the arista plumose or long pubescent; the frontal stripe
is narrow in both sexes and cruciate setae on the front of the
female are present. If Hylephila is to be maintained then both
H. maculdia and unilineata, assigned to Hammomyid in Aldrich's
Catalogue, should be transferred to the former genus.
Hammomyia setigera n. sp.
Male. Length 6 mm. Head black, silvery gray pruinose with black
reflections; in profile the genae are a;bout half, the buccae nearly as broad aa
the width of one eye; setae of the vertex, front, lateral oral margin and the
lower margin 6l the buccae rather dense; frontal setae about ten in number,
closely set, thfe lowermost about on line with base of the anteimae. Face
concave in profile; oral margin rather prominent; antennae black, third joint
twice as long as the second, not reaching the oral margin; arista thickened at
the base, short plumose. Fr6nt and frontal stripe diill black, at the narrowest
point but little broader than the diameter of the anterior ocellus; orbits gray
pruinose, at narrowest point about half as wide as the frontal stripe; proboscis
and palpi piceous. Thorax black, blui.^h gray pruinose, with three narrow
vittae, the laterals on line with the dorso-central setae. Dorso-centrals 2+3;
sternopleurals 1 +2 mingled with a number of long fine hairs; "pra" nearly as
long as the seta which' follows it. Scutellum \idth a pair of strong basals,
strong subapicals, small apicals, a pair of slender discals, beside some finer
discal hairs; the pubescence of the lower surface restricted to a few fine pale
hairs. Abdomen gray pruinose, viewed from the side showing indistinct darker
triangular reflecting spots, which when viewed from behind are usually bi-
sected by a gray longitudinal line. The abdomen is narrow, elongate, each
segment with numerous slender setae both dorsally and ventrally; setae of the
sternites short, dorsal marginal setae somewhat stronger than the discal setae;
fifth sternite and the hypopygium as figured (figs. 1,2). Legs black; middle
femur with three or four strong setae on the underside and an obu(}ue row of
three or more near the apex on the hinder side. Fore tibia with two or three
small setae on the front (extensor) side beyond the middle, and one large outer
lateral at the middle; middle tibia with two ^etae on the front side beyond the
middle, ' two or three on the posterior extensor a!nd two on the posterior flexor
side; hind tibia with three on the outer flexor, tht-ec to five on the outer extensor
and three to five on the inner extensor side. Tarsal claws strongly setulose, not
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
388 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
much curved except at the tip, shorter than the rather elongate whitish pul-
vilU. Wings grayish hyaline, more yellowish at the base; veins yellow, darker
apically; costal spine distinct; veins R4+6 and M1+2 parallel or sUghtly con-
verging; Ri ends opposite the r-m crossvein; m-cu crossvein sinuous, per-
pendicular to Cui but oblique to M1+2; penultimate to ultimate section of
Mi+2 as 11 to 17; m-cu crossvein 1.5 times as long as the last section of
Cui. Squamae yellowish white, upper one covers the lowfer; halteres yel-
lowish. McLean, Tompkins County, New York. May.
Type and paratypes in Cornell University Collection, Two
paratypes in the collection of the American Entomological
Society of Philadelphia.
HYLEPHILA Rondani
This genus differs from Hamrnomyia in having the arista
nearly or quite bare. In the "Katalog der palaearktischen
Dipteren" the genus is merged with Hammomyia. Two species
are found among the New York State material, one is HijleyMla
maculata Stein, the other, unfortunately represented by female
specimens only, is but 4 mm. in length and differs from other
species in chaetotaxy.
HYLEMYIA R. D.
Schnabl and Dziedzicki place the species of the genus Hylemyia
(sensu auct. nee. Schn. et Dz.) that have no cruciate setae on the
front in the female, in the genus Pegomyia (subgenera Pegoplata
and Pegomyza). On the other hand certain species, such as
radicum, cilicrura {=fusciceps), ceparurn, hrassicae, et al., which
heretofore have been placed in Anthomyia or Phorbia, have been
transferred to Hylemyia.
Hylemyia tenax n. sp.
Male. Length 7 mm. Orbits contiguous for a distance nearly equal to the
length of the frontal triangle, the latter black, margined with five or six pairs of
orbital setae; front and genae projecting but slightly in profile, oral margin
not prominent; buccae slightly wider in profile than the length of second
antennal segment, the latter reddish, less than half as long as the elongate,
blackish, third segment; arista long plumose; palpi yeUow; proboscis black;
genae, buccae, and occiput light grayish pruinose; frontal lunule reddish.
Thorax black, thick yellowish -gray pruinose, with scarcely a trace of longi-
tudinal lines; inner dorso-centrals strong; outer dorso-centrals 2-|-3; "pra"
distinct but less than a third as long as the following seta; sterno-pleurals 2+2,
the lower anterior long, but slender. Abdomen somewhat depressed, elongate
oval, narrower than the thorax; the basal segments more or less translucent
yellowish except at the immediate base, the other segments more grayish,
O. A. JOHANNSEN 389
yellowish-gray pruinose, anterior margins of the segments and a trace of a
median line, darker gray; six or eight pairs of depressed marginal setae on each
segment. Hypopygium (figs. 3, 4) inconspicuous, reddish yellow; fifth ventral
sclerite of the same color. Legs reddish yellow, tarsi black, pulvilU and claws
long; fore tibia with one outer lateral and one anterior extensor seta, both on the
same level distad of the middle; middle tibia with one seta on the anterior
extensor, two or three on the posterior flexor, and one or two on the posterior
median surface; hind tibia with two long bristles on the median extensor
surface, three or four on the outer extensor, three small ones on the outer
flexor, and three or four small ones on the inner flexor surface. Fore and hind
femora each with a sparsely placed longitudinal row of long setae on the flexor
surface and a row of shorter ones, of increasing length distally, on the outer
extensor surface. Wing yellowish, more grayish toward the apex; costal
spine shorter than the r-m crossvein; Ri ends shghtly distad of this crossvein;
the m-cu cro.ssvein distmctly flexed; R4+5 and M1+2 slightly divergent.
Squamae not large, the lower scale covered by the upper; yellow in color,
as are also the halteres. Ithaca, New York, August. Four specimens.
This species closely resembles H. alcathoe but differs in the
chaetotaxy of the legs, in the structure of the hypopygium, and in
having the abdominal markings less distinct.
Type and paratypes in Cornell University Collection. One
paratype in the collection of the American Entomological So-
ciety of Philadelphia.
Hylemjria (Crinura) trichodactyla Rondani {=Chorlophila trichodactyla,
= Phorhin platura Meigen in part)
The collection contains specimens of this species from various
localities in New York, as well as from Sandford, Ontario and
Truro, Nova Scotia. This species has doubtless frequently
been confused in American collections ^ith Phorhia fusciceps
( = P. cilicrura Rondani) and is probably the P. platura Meigen
referred to in Aldrich's Catalogue. P. platura of Rondani^
is a different species. H. trichodactyla resembles fusciceps in
having the flexor surface of the hind tibia ciliated, but differs
in having long bristly hairs on the extensor surface of the first
segment of the middle tarsus.
Fanninae
This subfamily is represented in the State of New York by the
genera Fannia and Azelia.
1 Prodrome VI, 228.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
390 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
FANNIA R. D.
The more or less approximate eyes of the male and the rela-
tively short second abdominal segment are characteristics of this
genus.
Fannia parallela n. sp.
Male. Length 4.5 to 5 mm. Head in profile hemispherical, genae and
buccae scarcely visible from the side; frontal triangle small; orbits silvery,
separated by a narrow, black, frontal line about as wide as one of the orbits;
eyes bare; antennae two-thirds as long as the face, fuscous, the third segment
grayish pruinose, arista with a pubescence just visible under twenty diameters;
palpi black. Thorax black, shining, only faintly pruinose when viewed from
the side; inner d. c. (acrostichals) in two rows, small, except the posterior
pair; "pra" long. Abdomen narrow, more distinctly tapering than in F.
canicularis, shining black, the three basal segments somewhat translucent
yellow at the sides, as in the species just mentioned but less conspicuously.
Hypopygium as figured (figs. 5, 6). Legs black, the knees more or less yellow-
ish; fore tibia with a short seta on the extensor surface at the apical fifth;
basal two-thirds of middle femur on flexor side with three rows of setae, of
which the setae of the anterior and the median rows gradually increase in
length, suddenly interrupted for a short space, then both rows continued in six
or seven closely set setae; middle tibia but slightly thickened on the apical
third, ciUate on inner side, the hairs gradually increasing in length at the apex
where they are about as long as the diameter of the segment; on the apical
fourth anteriorly are three or four setae and posteriorly there is another one;
hair on the inner side of the hind femur even less conspicuous than in F. cani-
cularis; the setae on the outer flexor surface with about ten in the row, those
on the outer extensor surface more numerous and more irregularly placed;
hind tibia usuaUy with two setae on the outer extensor side at three-fifths and
four-fifths of the tibial length from the base respectively, and one longer one
on the median extensor side at the apical third. Wing with a strong smoky
tinge, more yellowish at the base; costal spine scarcely differentiated; R4+6 and
Mi+2 parallel or slightly converging; the penultimate section of M1+2 about
half as long as the ultimate; the last segment of Cu, a little over half as long
as the m-cu crossvein. Squamae yellowish with a smoky tinge, the upper
covering the lower. Halteres yellowish. Ithaca, New York, August 30.
Four males.
This species goes to F. difficilis in the key given by Stein.^
It differs chiefly in the arrangement of the setae of the middle
femur and in lacking the dense hair on the inner surface of j:he
hind pair. From F. canicularis it may readily be distinguished
by the narrower front and darker thorax and abdomen.
* Die Anthomyidengruppe Homalomyia, 1895.
O. A. JOHANNSEN 391
Type and paratypes in the Cornell University Collection. One
paratype in the collection of the American Entomological So-
ciety of Philadelphia.
LiMNOPHORINAE
Lispa, Hehecnema and Limnophora are genera of this subfam-
ily represented in the fauna of New York State.
limnophoHa r. d.
The more or less narrowed front of the male, the paired ab-
dominal spots, and weak setae of the body characterize this genus.
Limnophora torreyae n. sp.
Male. Length 4 to 4.5 mm. Head black, orbits brownish-black, contiguous ;
frontal triangle and antennae dull black, antennae black, about two-thirds
the length of the face, arista pubescent, black; palpi black; face black with
grayish reflections, concave; oral margin somewhat produced, genae blackish,
barely visible in profile; buccae grayish pruinose, in profile nearly as wide as
the length of the third antennal joint. Mesonotum subopaque brownish-
black with indications of a divided median, black line; scutellum subopaque
brownish-black; pleura and metanotum grayish pruinose; inner dorso-centrals
in two rows, setulae-like except a larger pair in front of the scutellum; dorso-
centrals 2+3; sterno-pleurals 1-fl; "pra" and the second post-sterno-
pleural not differentiated from the setulae; scutellum with the usual two pairs of
macrochaetae. Abdomen ovoid, yellowish-gray pruinose, if but four segments
are counted, the first wholly black except for the immediate base and the
median stripe; the second and third with large black triangles, the posterior
corners of which are more or less produced along the posterior margins of the
segments; fourth with a median triangle, sometimes divided, extending the
full length of the segment; abdominal setae slender, sparse and depressed.
Hypopygium as figured (figs. 10, 11). Coxae gray; legs black, claws and
pulvilli small. Fore tibia with a fine seta on the outer lateral extensor side near
the middle and another, sometimes wanting, a little more distad on the outer
lateral flexor side; the middle tibia with two on the posterior extensor side;
hind tibia with two on both outer lateral extensor and flexor surfaces, some-
times one or the other wanting. Wings grayish hyaline; costal spine very
small; Ri ends about opposite the r-m crossvein; m-cu crossvein sUghtly
flexed, nearly perpendicular to M1+2, the penultimate section of M1+2 half as
long as the ultimate section; m-cu crossvein about one-fourth longer than the
last section of Cui. Squamae yellowish-white, margin more yellow, lower
scale projecting one-half its width beyond the upper. Halteres yellow.
Female. P>ont a little broader than one eyo, dark brown; frontal triangle
a velvety seal brown, deeply notched almost to the base of the antennae;
ocellar spot of the same texture as the frontal stripe; face, genae and buccae
whitish-gray pollinose; genae in profile as wide as the width, buccae nearly as
TRANS. AM. KNT. SOC, XLII.
392 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
wide as the length, of the third antennal joint. Mesonotum and scutellum
subshining seal brown, with scarcely a trace of stripes; pleura, metanotum and a
basal triangle on the scutellum grayish-white poUinose w^ith a brassy tinge.
Abdomen grayish-white polhnose with a brassy tinge, with three pairs of
large seal brown triangles and an elongate median spot on the fourth segment.
Setae of the legs as in the male, except that the seta on the flexor surface of
the fore tibia and one of the setae of the extensor surface of the hind tibia
may be wanting. Ithaca, New York, June.
Type (male) and paratypes in the Cornell University Collec-
tion. Paratypes (two males and one female) in the collection
of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
Mydaeinae
The subgenera Mydaea, Spilogaster, and Spilaria of the genus
Mydaea are represented in the New York fauna.
Mydaea (Spilaria) pectinata n. sp.
Male. Length 9 mm. Head black with grayish bloom, eyes separated on
the front by the rather narrow silvery-gray orbits and a still narrower black
frontal stripe which expands over the front at the base of the antennae; front
buccate; genae black, silvery pruinose, at the base of the antennae in profile
nearly twice as wide as the width of the third antennal joint; buccae in profile
nearly as wide as the length of the third antennal joint; antennae black,
elongate but not attaining the oral margin; third joint three times the second
in length; arista long plumose; second joint with two or three strong, and
several smaller setae; eyes quite hairy; palpi black. Thorax black, grayish
pruinose; mesonotum with four black stripes, the two median narrower;
two inner dorso-centrals in front of the scutellum; dorso-centrals 2 -{-4; "pra"
fine, about a third as long as the seta which follows it; sterno-pleurals l-|-2,
below the posterior pair sometimes with one additional, but more slender,
bristle. Abdomen ovate, black, with a coarse or flaky yellowish-gray bloom;
second and third segments (if but four are counted) each with a pair of large,
rather narrowly divided, rounded, brownish-black spots; long fine discal
setae on the third and fourth segments, the marginal setae of each segment
rather depressed; hypopygium inconspicuous (figs. 12, 13). Legs yellow, the
fore femur except the tip, the basal two-thirds of the middle femur, the imme-
diate base and a spot on the extensor side at the tip of each hind femur, and
aU the tarsi, black. Fore femur with a close row of long fine setae on the outer
flexor side and another on the extensor side, the latter scarc^ely differentiated
from the long setulae which cover this member; middle fe^iiur covered with
long setulae, especially long near the base on the anterior side, with a row of
long slender setae extending for two-thirds the length from the base on the
posterior flexor side, a tuft of six to eight long stout setae or spines at the base,
and a few stout ones apically on the posterior extensor side; hind femur with a
O. A. JOHANNSEN 393
row of long fine setae of decreasing length on the basal three-fourths on the
outer lateral extensor surface, a row of increasing length on apical half on the
outer lateral flexor side; fore tibia with two setae on outer lateral side, middle
tibia with a row of long setae not of uniform length on the posterior extensor
side; posterior tibia with two strong setae on outer lateral extensor side at the
middle and distad; and two rows of long, closely spaced, slender setae on the
flexor side, one of which is outer lateral and the other is inner lateral in position.
Claws and pulvilli long. Wings rilled, hyahne with a smoky tinge, veins
yeUowish-brown, crossveins conspicuously clouded; costal spine distinct but
not large; Ri ends sUghtly distad of the r-m crossvein; R4+6 and M1+2 dis-
tinctly divergent; penultimate section of M1+2 is half as long as the ultimate
section; m-cu crossvein slightly flexed, about a tenth longer than the last
section of Cui; squamae yellow tinged, lower one projects over one-third its
width beyond the upper; halteres yellow. Ithaca, New York, June. Mill-
ville, Nova Scotia.
This species goes into the couplet 35 on page 429 in Schnabl's
key to Aricia sens lat.,^ but is readily distinguished from the
two species of that couplet.
The type (from New York) is in the Cornell University Collec-
tion. The paratype (from Nova Scotia) is in the collection of
the American Entomological Societj^ of Philadelphia.
Aricinae
Dialyta, Hydrotaea, Orphyra, Pogonomyia, Alloeostylus and
Phaonia are genera of this subfamily represented in New York.
DIALYTA Meigen
The species of this genus are very few in number and all seem
to be exceedingly rare. Following Schnabl and Dziedzicki the
genus may be characterized as follows: Habitus Tachinid-like;
front broad in both sexes, in the female a little more than a third
of the head in width, in the male either equally broad or somewhat
more narrowed. Face receding, sometimes greatly; buccae
moderately narrow to broad; antennae elongate, either hanging
free or in contact with the face; arista pubescent or short plu-
mose; palpi somewhat broadened toward the apex; cruciate
frontal setae absent; outer verticals and post verticals well
developed; orbitals of the female in a single row on each side;
eyes bare, or sparsely and short pubescent below. Sterno-
pleurals three, the posterior pair wide apart, the three thus nearly
forming an equilateral triangle, almost as in the Coenosinae.
^Horae Soc. Ent. Ross., vol. xx.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
394 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
The anterior supra-alar ("pra" of Stein) very minute, differing
in this respect from Phaonia. Abdomen with four segments
subequal in length, the male with a deeply notched fifth sternite
as with the Coenosinae and the Hylemyiinae. Hind tibiae
each with but one seta on the median posterior extensor side
(calcar of Schnabl) beside the preapicals, but with three to six
stout, short setae on the outer flexor side at the middle third.
Wings not rilled, costal spine present; last section of Cui as long
or longer than the m-cu crossvein; squamae unequal.
The color, the position of the lower sterno-pleural seta, the
position and number of the scutellar setae, the presence of two
anterior dorso-centrals, the shape of the abdomen, the absence
of the frontal cruciate setae in the female, and the elevated
position of the median posterior seta on the extensor surface of
the hind tibia offer a combination of characters which will
distinguish the members of this genus from the forms with which
they are most likely to be confused.
Because of the rarity of the species of this genus and the pres-
ence of well marked characters, I venture here to erect a species
upon a single female specimen, a procedure not recommended in
general for members of this family.
Dialyta flavi tibia n. sp.
Female. Length 7 mm. Black, shining; the trochanters, knees, tibiae,
and halteres reddish-yellow, wings and squamae strongly yellow tinged.
Head in profile, oval, viewed in front broader than high; front wider than
one eye, with parallel sides gradually widening a little on the lower third, in
profile produced at the base of the antennae about a third the width of the
eye; genae but slightly produced; buccae broader than the width of the third
antennal joint; face black, with a silvery sheen, somewhat receding, oral
margin not prominent; orbits subshining black, about one-fourth the width
of the dull black frontal stripe; ocellar triangle and the occiput subshining
black. Orbital setae in one row descend to the base of the antennae; cruciate
setae wanting; antennae nearly as long as the face; arista black, short plumose
to the tip, the longer hairs over twice as long as the diameter of the arista at
the base; palpi black, ahuost linear; proboscis normal, black, labellae red-
dish; eyes very sparsely pubescent below. Thorax black, shining, when
viewed obliquely very thinly whitish pruinose; inner dorso-centrals and "pra"
not differentiated from the setulae which are found among the macrochaetae;
dorso-centrals 2-1-3; sterno-pleurals 1-1-2, the posterior i)air rather more
widely separated than is usual with the Fhaoninae; four strong and four
weaker scutellar setae besides several setulae; the suba])ical setae shorter
than the basal pair. Abdomen shining black, longer than the thorax, tapering,
O. A. .lOHANNSEN 395
the four segments subequal in length; first segment with a small lateral
marginal seta, the second, third and fourth segments each with four pairs
of strong marginals, the third and fourth each also with four pairs of strong
discals arranged in a transverse row. The ventral sclerite of the first segment
only is visible, the remaining segments have the margins of the dorsal sclerites
in contact along the venter. Legs black, the trochanters, all tibiae, the tips
of all femora, reddish-yellow; the setae of the femora rather long and slender,
but few in number, arranged in longitudinal rows; fore femur with four
or five in the upper row, about ten in the row on the outer lateral e.xtensor
surface and seven in the lower row on the outer lateral flexor surface; hind
femur with about twelve in the upper outer lateral, and six in the lower outer
lateral row: fore tibiae each with two anterior (extensor) and one outer lateral
seta; middle tibia with one anterior (extensor) and one or two posterior ex-
tensor setae; hind tibia with three stronger setae on the apical haK and three
weaker setae on basal half of outer lateral flexor surface, two stout setae on
outer lateral extensor surface and one (characteristic of the Phaoninae) on the
median line of the extensor surface, at two-thirds of the distance from base
of the tibia. Besides these, all tibia |trovided with a numVjer of apical setae.
Claws rather short, pulvilU as long as the claws. Wings hyaline, yellow tinged,
base and veins strongly yellowish tinged, the m-cu crossvein faintly clouded
with brownish; two costal spines of moderate length; Ri ends before the r-m
crossvein; the m-cu crossvein straight, makes a right angle with M1+2 and
enters Cui at a point approxunately its own length from the wing margin; no
setae at the base of the radial veins. Squamae pale yellowish, unequal, mod-
erate, lower projects half its width beyond the upper; halteres reddish yellow.
Adirondack IMts., New York, July.
Type in the Cornell University Collection.
PHAONIA R. D.
Phaonia (Aricia) nigricans n. sp.
Male. Length 10 mm. Head black, with pruinose reflections, angular,
width in profile at base of antennae and at the vibrissae about equal; the gray-
ish orbits contiguous on the front; genae in profile wider than the width,
buccae nearly as wide as the length of the third antennal joint; antennae
black, shorter than the face, second joint with three strong setae; arista long
plumose on basal half; face slightly concave, oral margin prominent; eyes
moderately hairy; palpi black. Thorax black, thinly gray-pruinose, mesono-
tum when viewed from above with four black vittae separated by three equally
broad grayish dividing stripes; scutellum black, tinged with yellowish-brown
toward the tip; anterior spiracle pale yellow; two pairs of inner dorso-centrals
in front of the scutellum; dorso-centrals 2+4, a stout bristle placed in front
and slightly laterad of the first anterior dorso-central; "pra" nearly as long as
the first supra-alar; sterno-pleurals l-|-2; scutellum with its full complement
of setae. Abdomen short ovate, black, tes.sellate with silvery-gray reflecting
spots; three or four irregularly spaced discals on the second, five or six on the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
396 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
third, and a larger number on the fourth segment; the marginals of the first
and second somewhat depressed and not conspicuous, those of the third and
fourth as large as the discals; conjunctiva of the venter visible. Hypopygium
not prominent (figs. 14, 15). Legs black, knees tipped with red; fore femur
with long hairs and three rows of slender setae on the outer lateral surface, two
of which are on the extensor and one on the flexor surface; middle femur with
a row of six or seven stout, spine-Uke setae on the lower (flexor) side on basal
half; hind femur with a row of eight or ten spine-like setae on the lower (flexor)
side and a closer row of long setae on the dorsal (extensor) surface; fore tibia
without, middle tibia with three setae on the posterior surface, hind tibia with
three on the outer lateral flexor surface, two on the outer lateral extensor sur-
face and one (the calcar) placed nearly a fourth the length of the tibia above
the preapical setae on the median extensor surface; tarsal claws and pulvilli
large. Wings rilled, smoky hyaline, smoky tinge deeper along the course of
the veins, crossveins conspicuously clouded, veins black; costal spine small;
Ri extends distinctly beyond the r-m crossvein; m-cu crossvein oblique and
strongly flexed; penultimate section of M1+2 slightly over half as long as the
ultimate; m-cu crossvein about a fourth longer than the last section of Cui.
Squamae whitish with a smoky tinge, large, lower one projects nearly half its
width beyond the upper. Halteres pale yellow. One male specimen.
Type in Cornell University Collection.
Female. Front a little wider than one eye; fi'onto-orbitals in a single row
on each side, with lateral setulae; frontal cruciate setae wanting; scutellum
sometimes without a tinge of yellow at the tip; no discals on the second, but
two or three on the third abdominal segment. Hairs on the fore femora
shorter than in the male, setae of the legs otherwise as in the male. Claws and
pulvilli somewhat smaller than in the male. Penultimate section of M1+2
from three-fifths to three-fourths as long as the ultimate.
Ithaca, New York, May.
Paratypes in the Cornell University Collection, and one in the
collection of the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
This species will go into couplet 17, page 425 in Schnabl's
key.4
Phaonia (Euphemia) apicata n. sp.
Male. Length 6 to 6.5 mm. Head black, grayish pruinose, angular,
width in profile at base of the antennae equal to width at the vibrissae; eyes
moderately pubescent, large, so that front and genae in profile show but little;
buccae in profile broader than half the length of the third antennal joint;
face slightly concave, oral margin not prominent; palpi blackish, sometimes
yellow at the base; antennae black, almost reaching the oral margin, second
joint and the base of the third, yellow; arista long plumose; frontal triangle
narrow over the antennae, black, orbits contiguous below the ocelli for a short
^Horae See. Ent. Ross., vol. xx.
O. A. JOHANNSEN 397
distance. Thorax black, thinly gray pruinose, the four narrow black longi-
tudinal stripes more or less distinctly visible; scutellum gray at the base,
translucent, yellow apically; one pair of inner dorso-centrals in front of the
transverse suture present, though but small in some specimens and absent in
one, dorso-centrals 2+3; "pra" about as long as the first dorso-central;
sterno-pleurals 1 +2; basal and subapical setae of the scutellum long, prebasals
and discals shorter. Abdomen ovate, as long as the thorax and scutellum com-
bined, black, gray pruinose, a median black stripe visible when viewed from
behind; third and fourth segments with a few slender discals and more nu-
merous slender marginals; hypopygium inconspicuous (figs. 16, 17). Legs
yellow; tarsi black; femoral setae sparse and slender, rows on the flexor side
no stronger than those on the extensor side; fore tibia without, middle tibia
with two posteriorly, one in the middle and one between the middle and the
apex; hind tibia with one (calcar) on the median extensor surface about a
fifth of the tibial length from the preapical; two on outer lateral extensor and
three on outer lateral flexor surface; claws and pulvilli moderate. Wings
yellowish hyaline, yellow tinged at the base, feebly rilled, veins yellow; costal
spine small; Ri ends opposite the r-m crossvein; R4+6 and M1+2 diverge;
penultimate section of M1+2 about haK as long as the ultimate section; m-cu
crossvein is somewhat flexed and oblique and is 1.5 times as long as the last
section of Cui. Squamae strongly tinged with yellow, large; the lower
projects half its width beyond the upper. Halteres yellow.
Female. Front nearly a fourth wider than one eye; frontals in a single row
on each side sparsely placed; no cruciate setae on the front; in immature
specimens third antennal joint, palpi, and humeri yellowish; anterior inner
d. c. wanting; abdomen shorter and broader than in the male, less pruinose
with median line less conspicuous or entirely wanting; costal spine large and
the claws and pulvilli smaller than in the male. Hind tibia sometimes with
but two setae on the outer lateral flexor surface. Ithaca, New York, May
to SeptemVjer. Truro, Nova Scotia, August.
This species has been assigned to the subgenus Euphemia,
even though the anterior inner dorso-centrals are rather small in
some individuals, absent in the females and in one of the males.
It bears much resemblance to P. apicalis Stein.^
Type (male) and paratypes in the Cornell University Collection.
Two paratypes (one of each sex) in the collection of the American
Entomological Society of Philadelphia.
^Archiv fi'ir Naturg., vol. 79, page 46.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
398 NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES
Plate XX
Magnification X 30. The figures marked "ventral" show the hypopygium
in ventral aspect when but slightly relaxed, the superior forceps thus turned
under with its dorsal side directed ventrad. In fig. 7 both forceps are shown
more relaxed and in ventral aspect. s = superior forceps, i = inferior forceps.
f = fulcrum. v = fifth sternite. '
Fig. 1. — Hammomyia setigera. Side.
Fig. 2. — Hammomyia setigera. Ventral.
Fig. 3. — Hylemyia tenax. Side.
Fig. 4. — Hylemyia tenax. Ventral.
Fig. 5. — Fannia parallela. Ventral.
Fig. 6. — Fannia parallela. Side.
Fig. 7. — Limnophora discreta Stein. Ventral.
Fig. 8. — Limnophora discreta Steia. Superior forceps (a = anterior end).
Fig. 9. — Limnophora discreta Stein. Side. '
Fig. 10.- — Limnophora torreyae. Side.
Fig. 11. — Limnophora torreyae. Ventral.
Fig. 12. — Mydaea (Spilaria) pectinata. Ventral.
Fig. 13. — Mydaea (Spilaria) pectinata. Side.
Fig. 14. — Phaonia {Aricia) nigricans. Side.
Fig. 15.— Phaonia (Aricia) nigricans. Ventral
Fig. 16. — Phaonia (Euphcmia) apicata. Side. '
Fig. 17. — Phaonia (Euphemia) ajncata. Ventral.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 399
NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA OF THE SUPER-
FAMILY SPHECOIDEA
BY CLARENCE E. MICKEL
Lincoln, Nebraska
It has been the privilege of the writer during the past few
months to work over the material of the superfamily Sphecoidea
in the entomological collection of the University of Nebraska.
Since the pubHcation of "The Sphegoidea of Nebraska"^ by
H. S. Smith in 1908, a great deal of new material has been added
to the University collection. A number of new species were
found in this material as well as a great many forms new to the
state list. It is the purpose of this paper to present the descrip-
tions of the new species and some notes concerning the more
important forms. Additional notes and a complete list of the
Nebraska Sphecoidea will appear in a future paper now in course
of preparation. The writer also received a number of specimens
from Mr. O. A. Stevens of the North Dakota Agricultural College
and the new species in that material are included in the present
paper. The nomenclature of the thoracic sclerites used herein
is that of Mr. Robert E. Snodgrass.- A binocular microscope
was used in identifying all specimens and in interpreting the
characters used in the descriptions. The types of all the species
described herewith are in the entomological collection of the
University of Nebraska, and paratypes, so far as possible, have
been deposited in the collection of the American Entomological
Society.
1 University of Nebraska Studies, viii, pp. 323-410, October 1908.
2 Proceedings of the I'nitod States National Museum, xxxix, pp. 37-91.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
400 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
Family NYSSONIDAE
Subfamily Astatinae
Brachystegus maculipes sp. nov.
9 . Length 4 to 5 mm. Head black, front finely and closely punctured,
sparsely covered with short silvery pubescence, clypeus with pubescence
somewhat longer; mandibles rufous, black at base; antennae black. Thorax
entirely black, sparsely covered with short silvery pubescence; mesoscutum
finely punctured medially, more coarsely so toward the sides; episterna and
mesoscutellum finely reticulate; upper surface and sides of propodeum coarsely
reticulate. Abdomen entirely black, sparsely covered with silvery pubescence;
abdominal tergites one to four with a small whitish spot laterally; abdomen
dorsally, finely and closely punctured, ventrally with the punctures more sparse
and interspersed with a few coarse ones; pygidium a little longer than wide,
margined lateral^. Legs black; front tibiae and tarsi somewhat rufous;
front and median femora with an elongated whitish spot at the tips.
cf . Unknown.
Type, a female taken at Omaha, Nebraska, June 26, 1914,
(L. T. Williams). Three paratypes, Omaha, Nebraska, June
15, one female; and June 26, two females, (L. T. Williams).
Similar to opulentus but differs in being entirelj^ black except
abdominal markings and in its much smaller size.
Brachystegus trichrus sp. nov.
9 . Length 3 to 4 mm. Head black; front finely and closely punctured,
sparsely covered with silvery pubescence; apex of clypeus sparsely punctured,
without pubescence; mandibles rufous; antennae black. Thorax black,
sparsely covered with short silvery pubescence; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum
finely punctured; a longitudinal median furrow on the anterior portion of the
mesoscutum; episterna more coarsely punctured than the mesoscutum and
with more dense pubescence; propodeum finely reticulate with a dense spot
of silvery pubescence on each side near the spine; sides of propodeum finely
punctured; posterior lobes of pronotum white. Abdomen rufous; last four
abdominal tergites black; each tergite with an apical silvery fascia; first two
abdominal tergites with a whitish spot on each side posteriorly; pygidium a
little longer than wide. Front legs more or less rufous; middle and posterior
legs black.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female taken at Omaha, Nebraska, August 18, 1914,
(L. T. Williams); paratype, Omaha, Nebraska, July 5, 1913,
(L. T. Williams)
Similar to basilaris but differs in being more finely punctured,
smaller in size, and in the abdominal markings.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 401
Hoplisus rufocaudatus sp. nov.
cf . Length 10 to 11 mm. Black with red and yellow markings. Head
black; covered with a sparse silver}' pile; e3'es converging below; space be-
tween the eyes at the base of the antennae equal to about twice the median
length of the clypeus; front and vertex impunctate; ocelli situated on a slight
prominence, the distance between the posterior ones greater than the distance
between the lateral ocelli and the nearest eye margin; clypeus, labrum, man-
dibles except the tips and front except the median third, yellow; median third
of front, vertex and cheeks black; scape beneath rufous, flagellum beneath
piceous, scape and flagellum above black; flagellar joints one to seven strongly
rounded out beneath, eight to ten slightly spinose, and joints eight to eleven
somewhat lengthened. Thorax black, covered with a sparse silvery pile;
mesoscutum impunctate, episterna and sides of propodeum with large, sparse,
shallow punctures; suture between mesoscutum and mesoscutellum foveolate;
enclosed space of propodeum longitudinally striate at the base; pronotum,
posterior lobes of pronotum, spot beneath tegulae, large spot on anterior
portion of episterna, and mesoscutellum, yellow; tegulae, a small spot on each
side of mesoscutum near the tegulae, and a large spot on each side of the propo-
deum rufo-testaceous. Abdomen black, covered with a sparse silvery pile; first
tergite impunctate, remaining tergites with large, sparse, rather deep punctures;
sternites glabrous; first abdominal tergite with a broad yellow fascia posteriorly
which is deeply emarginate medial!}^; second and third abdominal tergites
with a broad yellow fascia posteriorly, although the second is broader than the
third, and both are dilated laterally; fourth abdominal tergite with a posterior,
narrow yellow fascia; second and third sternites with a narrow, posterior
yellow fascia which is almost interrupted medially and much dilated laterally;
first tergite medially and the sixth and seventh abdominal segments entirely,
rufo-testaceous. Anterior, intermediate and posterior legs entirely rufo-
testaceous except the front and intermediate coxae, which have a yellow spot
anteriorly. Wings hyaline, somewhat yellowish basally, with the usual fus-
cous cloud; stigma yellowish; cubital cell in hind wings terminating a very
little bej'ond the origin of the culjital nervure, almost interstitial.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male taken at Mitchell, Nebraska, August 12, 1915,
(E. M. Partridge).
Runs in Fox's table to decorus from which it differs in having
the propodeum punctured, in the enclosure of the propodeum
being striated only at the base, in the yellow of the interior orbits,
in the number of fasciae on the abdomen, and in the sixth and
seventh abdominal segments being entirely rufo-testaceous; by
which latter character it is easily distinguished.
TRANS. AM. EXT. SOC, XLII.
402 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
Pseudoplisus infumatus sp. no v.
1908. Pseudoplisus smithii H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p. 350»
(nee Cresson).
1908. Pseudoplisus floridanus H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p.
350, (nee Fox).
cf. Length 14 to 16 mm. Black with red and yellow markings. Head
black, very sparsely covered with golden pubescence; eyes distinctly con-
verging below; front and clypeus sparsely punctate; clypeus convex; apex
of clypeus shghtly ferruginous; mandibles except the tips, labrum and inner
eye margins, yellow; scape and base of flagellum rufous; remainder of flagellum
black. Thorax impunctate, covered with very sparse golden pubescence;
mesosternum distinctly carinate; suture between mesoscutum and mesoscutel-
lum foveolate; enclosure of propodeum well defined by foveolate sutures, and
divided by a longitudinal, foveolate suture; line on pronotum, posterior lobes
of pronotum, tegulae and a narrow line on the metanotum fulvous; a wide
fascia on the mesoscutellum yellow; two longitudinal lines on the mesoscutum
and a spot on each side of the propodeum obscure ferruginous. Abdomen
subpetiolate; piceous black; first two tergites impunctate, remainder of abdo-
men dorsally and ventrally sparsely punctate; covered with fine, sparse, golden
pubescence; first tergite, except extreme base, entirely yellow and a narrow
apical fascia on the second tergite yellow. Coxae black, trochanters and
femora blackish above, rufous below; tibiae and tarsi rufous. Wings entirely
fuliginous, stigma testaceous; cubital cell in hind wings terminating far beyond
the origin of the cubital vein; second recurrent nervure in front wings not inter-
stitial, originating before the second transverse cubital vein.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male taken at Haigler, Nebraska, August 19, 1909,
(C. H. Gable). Two paratypes taken at West Point, Nebraska,
June 1887. One of these differs from the type in having a
narrow yellow fascia on the third, fourth and fifth abdominal
tergites, and in having the fascia on the second tergite very
broad, covering almost all of the apical half of the segment.
Related to bipartitus from which it is easily distinguished by
the large size, by the yellow of first tergite of the abdomen
and by the uniform dark coloi-ation of the wings.
Mellinogastra williamsi sp. nov.
cT. Length 8 mm. Head black; eyes parallel, not converging or diverg-
ing towards the clypeus; front very finely and closely punctate, appearing
granulate; vertex and cheeks finely but more sparsely punctured; clypeus
slightly convex; clypeus and lower half of front covered with silvery pubes-
cence; antennae long, slender; mandibles except the tips, labrum, clypeus
except two small basal spots and a narrow apical margin, inner eye margins,
spot between the antennae, scape and pedicellum beneath, yellow; flagellum
beneath testaceous. Thorax black, finely punctured, with sparse, silvery
pubescence; mesosternum carinated anteriorly but ei)istcrnum and epiineron
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 403
of mesothorax not separated; a crenulate furrow between the inesoscutum and
mesoscutellum; enclosure of propodeuni distinct, with a median longitudinal
furrow and striated on the basal two-thirds; broad line on the prothorax, pos-
terior lobes of pronotum, spot on the epistema above and a broad fascia on
the mesoscutellum, yellow. Abdomen black, apical segments with a very-
fine, sparse pile; very finely punctate interspersed with a few large punctures,
except on the second sternite where the large punctures are quite numerous
and deep; first segment coarctate; last sternite with four short, j'ellowish
bristles at the apex; apical fascia on the first tergite dilated at the sides, ol)lique
lateral spot on the second tergite, narrow apical fasciae on the third and
fourth tergites, wide apical fascia on the second sternite narrowly interrupted
in the middle and emarginate at the sides, and a narrow apical fascia on the
third sternite widely interrupted in the middle, all j'ellow. Coxae, trochanters,
femora and tibiae of front and middle legs yellow beneath, black above;
hind legs black, coxae with a yellow apical spot beneath, and trochanters,
femora and tarsi with a yellow stripe beneath; all the tarsi more or less reddish.
Wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud in the marginal, second cubital and a part
of the third discoidal cells; cubital vein originating at or slighth' beyond the
transverse median nervure.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male taken at Omaha, Nel^raska, August 17, 1914,
(L. T. Williams).
Similar to mellinoides from which it differs in the smaller size,
in being marked with yellow to a much greater degree and in the
eyes being parallel rather than diverging towards the clypeus'.
Named for Mr. L. T. Williams in recognition of his excellent
collecting of Hymenoptera.
Hypomellinus venustus sp. nov.
a'. Length 11 to 12 mm. General color rufous. Head rufous; covered
with a very fine, subtle, whitish pile; eyes slightly converging towards the
clypeus; clypeus convex, margined at the apex, ba.se with large shallow punc-
tures; front, vertex and cheeks, somewhat glabrous, with coarse, sparse punc-
tures; distance between the posterior ocelli shglitly greater than the distance
between them and the nearest eye margin; antennae long and slender, reaching
beyond the mesoscutellum; joints eight to ten of the flagellum slightly emar-
ginate; clypeus, mandibles except the tips, front below the insertion of the
antennae, inner and outer eye margins, a short, longitudinal line directly below
the anterior ocellus, and scape below, yellow; scape above and flagellum en-
tirely rufous; ocellar region black. Thorax rufous; with coarse, sparse punc-
tures; episternum and epimeron of mesothorax separated; suture between
mesoscutum and mesoscutellum foveolate; enclosed space of propodeuru dis-
tinct, divided by a foveolate channel, striated throughout, the striae coarse
and slightly oblique; posterior face of propodeum rugoso-punctate; line on
the pronotum, wide fascia on the me.so.scu1el]um, and metanotuiu yellow
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
404 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
mesoscutuni at the apex, a narrow median line on the mesoscutum, narrow
basal margins of the episterna, wide line above the intermediate coxae, en-
closed space of propodeum, and a small triangular spot at the apex of the
propodeum, black. First segment of abdomen coarctate; all the tergites and
sternites with deep, sparse punctures; last sternite terminating in a short
spine; first segment entirely rufous, second sternite rufous, second tergite
piceous, remaining segments black; fascia at the apex of the first tergite deeply
emarginate medially, wide fascia at the apex of the second tergite slightly
emarginate medially; fasciae at the apex of the third, fourth and fifth tergites,
a large spot on the last tergite, narrow fascia at the apex of the second sternite,
and small lateral spots on the third sternite, yellow. Legs rufous; spot at
the apex of anterior and intermediate femora, anterior and intermediate tibiae
below, and anterior tarsi, yellow. Wings hyaline, except a fuscous cloud
which covers the marginal, the second and third submarginal, and the first
discoidal cells; submedian cell longer than the median; cubitus of hind wings
interstitial with the transverse median nervure; stigma yellow.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 12, 1912,
(R. W. Dawson). One paratype, a male collected at Omaha,
Nebraska, July 14, 1914, on Chamaecrista fasciculata, (L. T.
Williams). The paratype differs from the type in having the
legs entirely rufous, no yellow line below the anterior ocellus
and in having the basal portion of the second abdominal tergite
more reddish than piceous.
This species is allied to rufocinctiis, but may easily be distin-
guished by the general color being rufous, while that of the former
is black.
Hypomellinus tricinctus sp. nov.
9 . Length 13 to 14 mm. General color rufous; body covered with a fine,
subtle pile. Head rufous; eyes slightly converging towards the clypeus;
clypeus very convex, basally and laterally with sparse silvery pubescence,
basally with coarse punctures, margined at the apex; front, vertex and cheeks
with coarse, sparse punctures interspersed with very minute punctures; distance
between posterior ocelli slightly greater than the distance between them and
the nearest eye margin; antennae long, slender, reaching beyond the mesoscu-
tellum, entirely rufous. Thorax rufous, with large, deep punctures; propo-
deum rugose; suture between the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum foveolate;
episternum and epimeron of mesothorax separated; enclosed space of i)ropo-
deum distinct, channelled medially, with coarse, slightly oblicjue striae; wide
fascia on the mesoscutellum, and metanotum, yellow. First segment of abdo-
men coarctate, with large, deep punctures like those of the mesoscutum; re-
maining segments with finer, deep punctures; pygidium margined at the sides
with sparse shallow punctures; first and second segments rufous, remaining
segments black; pygidium reddish; narrow fascia at the apex of first tergite
CLARENCE E. MICKEL -405
slightly emarginate medially, a wide fascia at the apical half of the second
tergite, a narrow fascia at the apex of the third tcrgite and a small lateral spot
on the second sternite, yellow. Legs rufous; anterior femora somewhat broad-
ened; anterior and intermediate tibiae yellow beneath. Wings hyaline;
except a fuscous cloud which covers the marginal, second and third submarginal
and first discoidal cells; submedian cell longer than the median; cubitus in
hind wings interstitial with the transverse median nervure; stigma yellow.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Omaha, Nebraska, August o, 1913,
on Chamaecrista fasciculata, (L. T. Williams). Two female
paratypes taken at Omaha, Nebraska, August 5, 1913, (L. T.
Williams), and August 3, 1914 on Chamaecrista fasciculata, (L. T.
Williams).
Related to venustus, but may easily be distinguished from that
species by having only three yellow fasciae on the abdominal
tergites, and by the larger size.
Meilinus wolcotti H. S. Smith
1908. Meilinus wolcoUi H. S. Smith, Ent. News, xix, p. 299.
On account of the obscure, hand-written label on the type
specimen the locality was erroneously cited as Beaver, Indiana.
The collector (Dr. R. H. Wolcott) informs the writer that the
correct type locality is Beaver Island, Michigan.
Family PHILANTHIDAE
Subfamily Philanthinae
Philanthus barbiger sp. nov.
190S. Pliilanlhus albopilosus H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p.
355, (in part), (nee Cresson, nee Packard).
d^. Length 8 to 10 mm. Black, covered with rather long, sparse, whitish
pubescence. Head black; clypeus, cheeks and lower part of front finely but
not closely punctate; vertex and occiput finely punctate; clypeus and sides of
face to the emargination of the eyes whitish; a large spot between and above
the antennae and a spot behind the eyes lemon-yellow in color; spot on scape
beneath and first two joints of flagellum beneath whitish; pedicellum entirely
black; flagellum black above, dark testaceous beneath; face on the sides and
below the antennae covered with long, conspicuous, silvery pubescence; on
the rest of the head the pubescence much thinner and not so obvious, but
rather long. Thorax black, shining, sparsely punctured, covered with long,
thin, whitish pubescence; mesoscutum impressed medially, and at the sides
above the tegulae; mesoscuteUum impressed medially; upper surface of pro-
podeum channelled medially; pronotum, posterior lobes of pronotum, spot on
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
406 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
epistcriia abo^^e, tegulae, large transverse spot on mesoscutellum and metano-
tiim, yellowish. Abdomen black, covered with long, thin, whitish pubescence;
dorsally with large, sparse, shallow punctures ; ventrally with the punctures
somewhat smaller and closer; first tergite with large lateral yellow spots;
second tergite with a rather broad yellowish band which is deeply and narrowly
emarginate medially, and squarely emarginate on each side posteriori}^;
sometimes this band is completely interrupted so that the segment has the
appearance of having two large lateral spots with a medial transverse spot
apically; tergites two to five with an apical yellowish band, which is rather
widely emarginate anteriorly at the sides; apical tergite and venter immaculate.
Coxae, trochanters and basal two-thirds of femora, of front, middle and hind
legs, entirely black; apical third of femora, tibiae and tarsi, of front, middle
and hind legs, lemon-yellow. Wings hyaline, irridescent. Submedian cell of
anterior wings shorter than the median; base of wings yellowish; stigma and
nervures testaceous.
9 . Differs from male as follows; yellow on front extends only slightly
aljove the base of antennae; front strongly striato-punctate; mandibles yellow-
ish except the tips; scape beneath entirely yellowish; only a minute spot on
basal joint of fiagellum beneath yellowish; flagellum beneath rufous. Yellow
line on pronotum narrowly interrupted and no yellow on the mesoscutellum.
Abdomen more sparsely punctate; second tergite with two large yellow spots
laterally and a narrow transverse apical spot medially; sixth tergite with two
yellowish spots. Apical joints of tarsi rufous.
Type, a male taken at Harrison, Nebraska, August 15, 1908,
(C. H. Gable). Allotype, a female collected at Ute Creek,
Colorado, August 9 on Chrysothammis sp., (R. W. Dawson).
Twenty paratypes collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 4,
1908; nine paratypes, Harrison, Nebraska, August 9, 1908; three
paratypes, Harrison, Nebraska, August 15, 1908; one paratype,
Glen, Nebraska, August 17, 1906; one paratype, Ute Creek,
Colorado, August 9; collected on Helianthus sp., Solidago sp.
and Chrysothamnus sp.
Related to pulcher, from which it is distinct by the long, whitish,
conspicuous pubescence on the face below the antennae, by the
different sculpture of the propodeum and by the larger punctures
on the abdomen.
Philanthus siouxensis sp. no v.
1908. Philanlhus albijrons H. S. Smith, l'ni\-. Ncbr. Studies, viii, p. 356,
(nee Cresson, nee Viercck and Cockerell).
9 . Length 8 to 10 mm. lilack, covered with very short, sparse, whitish
pubescence. Head black; clypeus, occiput and cheeks very sparsely punctate;
front below the ocelli strongly striato-punctate; mandibles except the tips,
clypeus, front to the emargination of the eyes except a wide black line reach-
ing down from the back of the occiput to the base of each antenna, scape
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 407
beneath and at the tip above, pedicellum beneath, first joint of flagellum
beneath, a hne behind the eyes and sometimes two spots back of the ocelli,
lemon-yellow; flagellum entirely rufo-testaceous but darker above than below.
Thorax black, sparsely punctured; mesoscutum anteriorly and mcsoscutellum,
impressed medially; upper surface of propodeum inclined to be finely rugose
medially; line on pronotum, posterior lobes of pronotum, spot on episterna
above, four spots on the anterior part of the mesoscutum (sometimes obsolete),
and metanotum, lemon-yellow; (in one paratype there are two yellow spots
on the mcsoscutellum ; in another the mesoscutellum is entirely yellow) . Abdo-
men black, a little more closely punctured than the thorax; ventrally with the
large punctures closely interspersed with very minute ones; first tergite with
two large lateral spots and a narrow transverse apical spot lemon-yellow;
second tergite with a wide yellow band which is somewhat narrowed medially,
and with very small, lateral, black spots near the apex of the tergite; tergites
three to five with a narrow, apical, yellow band, suddenly and much dilated
at the sides; apical tergite usually immaculate, sometimes with lateral yellow
spots; venter immaculate. Coxae and trochanters black, tinged with rufous
beneath and usually with a very small yellow spot at the apex beneath; basal
half of front femora, basal two-thirds of intermediate femora and all of hind
femora except the tips, rufous; remainder of femora lemon-yellow; tibiae lemon-
yellow and tarsi yellowish at the base, the color becoming rufous on the apical
joints. Wings tinged with fuscous, yellow at the base; stigma and nervures
testaceous; submedian cell in anterior wings slightly shorter than the median.
Type, a male collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 4, 1908,
(R. W. Dawson) : one paratype, Glen, Nebraska, August 8,
1905; one paratype, Glen, Nebraska, August 13, 190G on Cleome
scrrulata, (M. H. Swenk) ; one paratype. Glen, Nebraska, August
17, 1906, (H. S. Smith) ; one paratype, Warbonnet Canyon,
Nebraska, July 20, 1901, on Petalostemuni sp., (M. Gary); two
paratypes, Mitchell, Nebraska, July 17, 1916, on Melilotus alha,
(C. E. Mickel); two paratypes, Mitchell, Nebraska, July 21, 1916,
(C. E. Mickel) and three paratypes, Mitchell, Nebraska, July
22, 1916, (C. E. Mickel).
This is a very distinct species and can easily be distinguished
by the rufous femora, the coloration and puncturation of the
abdomen and the wings being tinged with fuscous rather than
hyaline.
Ococletes bicinctus .sp. nov.
9 . Length IS to 2.3 mm. Black, shining, clothed with rather long, yellow-
ish pubescence (very sparse on abdominal segnu^nts two to six). Head black;
clypeus rather sparsely punctate, apical margin ciliate; front finely and rather
closely punctate; vertex and cheeks very sparsely punctate, appearing almost
impunctate; mandibles except the tips, clypeus entirely, front up to the emar-
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
408 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
gination of the eyes except a small black spot immediately above the insertioi.
of the antennae, scape below and first joint of fiagellum below, lemon-yellow;
a ferruginous spot back of the eyes. Thorax entirely black, shining; prono-
tum, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metanotum very sparsely punctate,
appearing almost impunctate; episterna and propodeum entirely with fine,
rather sparse punctures; tegulae yellowish. Abdomen above, black, shining,
with a few scattered punctures, the apical tergite closely and minutely punc-
tured interspersed with a few larger, scattered punctures; venter finely and
minutely punctured with a few larger, scattered punctures; basal segment of
abdomen entirely ferruginous except a narrow, apical margin above, black;
the basal two-thirds of the second abdominal sternite ferruginous, the second
tergite with the narrow, basal margin ferruginous, a transverse, broad, yellow
band and the narrow, apical margin, black; remainder of the abdomen entirely
black. All the coxae and trochanters black; the femora black on the basal
half, ferruginous on the apical half; tibiae and tarsi ferruginous. Wings
yellowish, darker at the tips; nervures testaceous; cubitus in posterior wings
interstitial with the transverse median nervure.
Type, a female taken at Fort Garland, Colorado, August 9,
(L. Brunei"). This specimen is 18 mm. long. It is over cyanided
so that the yellow on the head and abdomen appears reddish.
One paratype, Ute Creek, Colorado, Sage Flats, August 14,
(L. Bruner). This specimen is 23 mm. long.
A very distinct species. The shining, almost impunctate
body, the entirely black thorax and the coloration of the abdomen
will serve to distinguish it.
Subfamily Cercerinae
Cerceris cognata sp. nov.
9 . Length 12 to 14 mm. Black; spot on the base of the clypeus (some-
times almost covering the clypeus), large spot each side of the face, small spot
on the mandibles basally, sometimes two small spots on the vertex, two spots
on pronotum, tegulae entirely, two spots on metanotum (sometimes metano-
tum entirely), and broad bands, widely and deeply emarginate, on abdominal
tergites two to five, all yellow; venter black, coxae and trochanters black,
femora reddish black, except the anterior and intermediate ones tipped with
yellow, tibiae largely yellowish with a black spot at the tip behind, anterior
and intermediate tarsi reddish, posterior tarsi black. Body with moderate,
deep, close punctures, finer and closer than in fumipenfiis; clypeus simple,
not produced; enclosure of propodeum with longitudinal striae curved and
becoming transverse at the sides, almost obsolete medially; pygidial area about
three times as long as broad, slightly narrowed basally, very much narrowed
and rounded at the tip, rugose; fifth abdominal sternite with a deep impression
medially, shghtly emarginate and reflexcd medially at the apex; wings yellow-
ish, darker in the marginal cells.
cf . ■ Unknown.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 409
j-jpe, a female taken at Worland, Wyoming, July 10, 1911,
(L. Brunei"); one paratype from Logan, Utah.
Rather closely related to fumipennis by lacking the clypeal
process, by the markings of the face, and by the structure of the
fifth abdominal sternite; distinct from that species in the finer
and closer puncturation, markings of the abdomen, untl much
lighter wings.
Cerceris flavofasciata H. S. Smith
1908. Ccrccria Jlavofasciata H. S. Sinith, I'liiv. Xebr. Studios, viii. p. .364.
The male differs from the female as follows: Length 9 to 11
mm.; clypeus simple, face entirely yellow below the antennae;
usually two yellow spots on mesoscutellum (sometimes wanting) ;
first abdominal tergite either entirely black or slightly marked
with yellow at the apex; second tergite with a broad yellow band
as in the female; remaining tergites with a narrow apical yellow
band widened at the sides; wings subhyaline, quite dark on the
costal margin. Enclosed area of propodeum and puncturation
same as in the female.
Allotype, South Bend, Nebraska, .July 4, 1915, on Ceanothus
americamis, (E. G. Anderson).
Cerceris architis sp. nov.
9. Length 16 mm. Black; spot on the ch'peal process above, spot -be-
neath the process, a large spot each side of the face, small spot each side on
the pronotum, tegulae, metanotum, two spots on first abdominal tergite
(nearly connected), broad band on the second tergite, deeply emarginate
medially, narrow bands on tergites three to five, all yellow; venter black; legs
black, except femora tipped with yellow, tibiae and tarsi of anterior and inter-
mediate pair yellow, and tibiae of hind pair largely yellowish. Body rather
finely but not closely punctate; (;lypeal process al)out twice as broad as long,
shghtly emarginate medially; enclosure of propodeum large, mostly smooth
but with fine striations basally; pygidial area a little more than twice as long
as broad, narrowed and rounded at the tip. Wings fuliginous (much as in
fumipennis), stigma black.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Soutli Bend, Nebraska, July 2,
1915, on Melilolus alba, (E. G. Anderson).
Very distinct in the shape of the clypeal process, the sculpture
of the enclosure of the propodeum, the black stigma, dark wings
and yellow nuirkings of the abdomen.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
410 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
Cerceris arbuscula sp. nov.
9. Length 10 to 11 mm. Black; spot on the clypeal process, large spot
on each side of the face, two spots on pronotum, tegulae, metanotum, two small
lateral spots on first al)dominal tergite, rather broad band on the second tergite,
narrowed medially, narrow bands on tergites three to five, widened at the
sides, all yellow; venter black; legs black, except femora tipped with yellow,
tibiae and tarsi of anterior and intermediate pairs yellow, hind tibiae yellowish,
hind tarsi dusky. Body moderately punctured, clypeal process low, broader
than long, broader at the base, rounded beneath (much as in psamathe); en-
closure of propodeum small, rather coarsely striated longitudinally; pygidial
area about twice as long as broad, sides nearly parallel, rounded at the tip,
with deep punctures basally. Wings subhyaline, dark in the marginal cell
and at the tips; stigma yellowish.
cf . Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Omaha, Nebraska. July 23, 1913,
(L. T. Williams).
In Banks' table this runs out near to psamathe, but differs from
that species in having the mandibles, interantennal carina, occiput
and propodeum entirely black, and in the differently sculptured
enclosure of the propodeum.
Cerceris conifrons sp. nov.
1908. Cerceris rufinoda crucis H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p.
370, (in part), (nee Viereck and Cockerell).
9 . Length 8 to 9 mm. Black; mandibles at base, spot al)Ove base of
mandibles, produced portion of clypeus, spot between clypeus and insertion
of antennae, large spot each side of the face, scape beneath, small spot behind
the summit of the eyes, two spots on pronotum, spot on episterna beneath the
tegulae, tegulae, two spots on mesoscutellum, metanotum and narrow sub-
equal bands on abdominal tergites two to five, all creamy white; propodeum
except the enclosed space, first and second abdominal segments, all red; venter
except first two sternites, black; anterior and intermediate legs black, except
femora tipped with whitish, tibiae largely whitish and tarsi yellowish; hind
legs red, except tibiae and tarsi blackish; flagellum fulvous beneath. Body
moderately and closely punctured; clypeus produced so that it forms a cone;
the apex of the clypeus very strongly bidentate, the two teeth about as far
apart as the length of the scape; episterna with a spine before the intermediate
coxae; enclosed space of propodeum transversely rugose (much as in rufinoda);
pygidial area narrow at the base, convex at the sides and truncate at tiie tip.
Wings hyaline, dark at the tips, stigma black.
cf . Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 4,
1908, on Helianthus sp., (C. H. Gable). Four paratypes from
Harrison, Neligh and Glen, Nebraska, and Worland, Wyoming.
Related to rufinoda crucis, but distinct in having the clypeus
produced and in the color markings which are indicated above.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 411
Cerceris intractibilis sp. nov.
9 . Length 8 to 9 mm. Black; tiny spot on clypoal projection, tinj' spot
at base of interantennal carina, large spot each side of the face, scape beneath,
two large spots on the pronotum, band on the mesoscutellum, stripe each side
on the propodeum, broad bands on the first and third abdominal tergites,
that on the third tergite slightly narrowed medially, and narrow bands on
tergites four and five, all yellow; tegulae reddish, second tergite immaculate;
venter black; legs black, tips of anterior and intermediate femora and apical
half of hind femora reddish, all the tibiae largely yellowish, anterior and inter-
mediate tarsi yellowish, hind tarsi blackish. Body moderately but not closely
punctate; clypeus slightly produced subconically with a broad depression
between the tip of the projection and apex of the clypeus, the depression shin-
ing, with a few large punctures; enclosed space of proyjodeum with a median
groove and punctured at the sides; pygidial area about two and one-half times
as long as broad, narrowed at the base and tlie tip. Wings subhyaline, dark
on the costal margin, stigma yellowish.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Child's Point, Nebraska, July 14,
1915, (E. M. Partridge).
In Banks' table this runs out at zelica but differs from that
species in the yellow markings of the head, thorax and abdomen,
in its smaller size and in the different pygidial area. It is like
insolita in having the second abdominal tergite immaculate but
differs from that species in having the clypeus produced and
different markings of the thorax.
Cerceris squamulifera sp. nov.
9. Length 10 to 11 mm. Black; mandibles except the tip, large spot at
the base of the mandibles, clypeus except a narrow transverse mark at the
apex, a large spot each side of the face connected below the insertion of the
antennae, interantennal carina, scape entirely, long, narrow line on the cheeks,
two tiny spots on the vertex, pronotum clear across, tegulae, spot behind the
posterior lobes of the pronotum, band on the mesoscutellum, a broad stripe
on each side of the propodeum produced on the inner side above along the
margin of the enclosure, broad bands on abdominal tergites one to three, broad
bands on tergites four and five much narrowed medially, and lateral spots on
sternites two to four, all j^ellow; venter black, except spots on sternites con-
nected by reddish bands; legs largely reddish, anterior and intermediate tibiae
and tarsi yellowish. Body moderately but not closely punctured; clypeus
produced so as to form a small, yellowish, semitranslucent scale parallel with
the face. Enclosure of propodeum smooth, sliining, with a median groove
and one or two fine striae at the sides; jjj^gidial area about twice as long as
broad, much narrowed at the base, slightly narrowed and truncate at the tip,
punctured at the l)ase, reddish at the tip. Wings hyaline, slightly darker at
the apex, stigma yellow.
(f. Unknown.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
412 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
Type, a female collected at Imperial, Nebraska, July 2, 1911,
(J. T. Zimmer).
A very distinct species in the peculiar clypeal projection, in
the shape of the propodeal stripes, which are produced inwardly
to form sort of a hook, and in being profusely marked with yellow.
Cerceris argia sp. nov.
? . Length 9 to 10 mm. Black; base of mandibles, clypeal projection
above except the tip, spot at base of interantennal carina, large spot each side
of the face, scape beneath, spot behind the summit of the eyes, two spots on
pronotum, spot behind the posterior lobes of the pronotum, tegnlae, two spots
on mesoscutellum, metanotum and rather wide bands much narrowed medially
on abdominal tergites two to five, all yellow; propodeum except enclosure, and
first segment of abdomen red; venter except first and basal part of second
abdominal sternites, black; anterior legs black, except the tips of femora, tibiae
and tarsi yellowish; intermediate and posterior legs largely fulvous; flagellum
fulvous beneath, black above; body very moderately and not closely punctate
(not nearly so coarsely and closely punctured as in rufinoda); clypeal projec-
tion about as long as it is broad at the base, narrowed at the tip, concave be-
neath the tip (much the same shape as in irene) ; episterna with a spine before
the intermediate coxae; enclosure of propodeum transversely rugose, channelled
medially; pygidial area about twice as long as broad, narrowed at the base,
narrowed and rounded at the tip. Wings subhyaline, slightly darker at the
tips, stigma blackish.
cf. Unlcnown.
Type, a female collected at Lincoln, Nebraska, August 5,
1904, on Solidago sp., (M. H. Swenk).
Related to the following species, but distinct from that in
having a different clypeal projection, in the different punctura-
tion of the body, and in having a differently shaped pygidial area.
Cerceris echo sp. nov.
1908. Cerceris rufinoda crucis H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p. 370,
(in part), (nee Viereck and Cockerell).
9 . Length 7 tb 10 mm. Black; base of mandibles, large spot on each side
of the face, small spot behind the summit of the eyes, two spots on the pro-
notum, tegulae, two spots on the mesoscutellum, metanotum, broad band on
second abdominal tergite, narrower bands on tergites three to five, all yellow;
propodeum except enclosure, and first abdominal segment, red; venter except
first and basal part of second abdominal sternites, black; all the coxae and tro-
chanters blackish, anterior and intermediate femora blackish with the apical
third reddish yellow; posterior fcHiiora reddish, blackish at the base, all the
tibiae and tarsi yellowish; flagelhun fulvous beneath, black above. Body
moderately and quite closely punctate; clypeus swollen so as to form a raised,
glabrous ridge above the apex, this ridge is slightly raised at the sides so as to
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 413
be almost dentiform; beneath the ridge the clypeus is shghtly concave and
impunctate; episterna with a spine before the intermediate coxae; enclosure
of propodeum transversely rugose; pygidial area about twice as broad as long,
narrow at the base, narrowed and truncate at the apex. Wings subhyaline,
dark at the apex, stigma brownish.
cf . Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Monroe Canyon, Sioux County,
Nebraska, August 4, 1908, (C. H. Gable). Thirty-seven para-
types collected at Omaha, Mitchell, Harrison, Glen, and Mon-
roe Canyon, Nebraska; visits flowers of Chamaecrista fasciculata,
Melilotus alba, Helianthus sp., Solidago sp. and Cleome serrulata;
taken from July 13 to August 29.
Related to rufinoda cruets from which it is distinct by the
structure of the clypeus, by the different puncturation of the
body, by the spined episterna and by the somewhat differently
shaped pygidial area.
Eucerceris elegans Cresson
1S79. Eucerceris elegans Cresson, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, vii, I'roc. p.
xxiii.
1882. Eucerceris elegans Cresson, Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc, x, Proc. p. vii.
Two female and two male specimens; collected at Halsey,
Nebraska, July 25 to August 29. The female differs from the
male as follows; Length 11 to 13 mm. Head, except ocellar
space, entirely ferruginous; no yellow on the mesoscutum; middle
lobe of clypeus produced so as to form a low, cone-shaped pro-
jection; pygidial area about two and one-half times as long as
broad, sides slightly convex, truncate at the tip; no fringes of
bristles on ventral segments; otherwise similar to the male.
Subfamily Larrinae
Tachysphex granulosus sp. nov.
1908. Tachysphex tarsatus H. 8. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, \i. 381,
(in part), (nee Say).
9. Length 10 to 11 nun. Rather stout. Anterior n)argin of clypeus
slightly rounded out, with a fairly strong lateral tooth, and very slightly
emarginate medially; apical half of clypeus polished, shining, with a few scat-
tered punctures; basal half with close, deep, separate punctures; antennae
normal, not thickened medially, joint two about half as long as joint three,
which is about three-fourths as long as four; interocular space at vertex about
equal to the combined length of anteimal joints two and three. Front closely
and densely punctured, api)earing granulate; the interocular area is punctured
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
414 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
likewise but the punctures are much finer; on the vertex the punctures are
separated, not appearing granulate; mesoscutum closely and finely punctured,
the episterna very finely granulate; mesoscutellum with fine separate punctures,
the latter about their own diameter apart; disc of propodeum finely rugose
medially, granulate at the sides; the sides of the propodeum granulate and the
posterior face rather coarsely, transversely rugose; the fovea smooth, moder-
ately deep and longer than wide; legs strongly spinose; the longer spur of the
hind tibiae shorter than the basitarsus; wings large, subfuscous; the marginal
cell quite broadly and obliquely truncate, the second submarginal cell slightly
wider on the radial vein than the third submarginal; abdomen stout, about
the length of the head and thorax combined; pygidial area well defined, about
twice as long as it is broad at the base, narrowly truncate at the apex, with a
few scattered, shallow punctures; sternites two to five each with a transverse
row of large shallow punctures near the apex. Black; tarsi slightly reddish,
tegulae dark testaceous, two basal segments of abdomen reddish, third seg-
ment obscurely reddish. Front with rather fine, thin, silvery pile; remainder
of body with a sparse silvery pile; the abdominal tergites not silvery fasciate.
cf . Unknown.
Type, a female taken at Glen, Nebraska, August 15, 1906,
(P. R. Jones).
Probably related to tarsatus, from which it differs in punctua-
tion, in the sculpture of the propodeum, in the color of the wings
and in the coloration of the abdomen.
Tachysphex sanguinosus sp. nov.
9 . Length 12 to 14 mm. Medium stout. Anterior margin of clj'peus
rounded, with a strong lateral tooth, and emarginate medially; apical half of
clypeus polished, shining; the clypeus throughout with a number of large,
shallow punctures; on the basal half these large punctures are interspersed
with close, fine punctures; antennae normal, not thickened medially, joint two
less than one-half as long as joint three, which is about three-fourths as long
as joint four; the interocular space at the vertex is about equal to the com-
bined length of antennal joints two and three; front finely and denselj^ punc-
tured, appearing granular; interocellar space with close, minute but separate
punctures; vertex with fine, separate punctures; mesoscutum and mesoscu-
tellum with fine, very close punctures, the episterna granulate; disc of propo-
deum granulate throughout; sides and posterior face of propodeum strongly,
transversely striate; a strong carina separates the disc of the propodeum from
the posterior face; fovea wedge-shaped, large and smooth; legs strongly spinose,
the longer spur of the hind tibiae shorter than the basitarsus; wings large,
hyaline, the marginal cell l)roadly and obliquely truncate at the apex, the
second and third submarginal cells about equal in length on the radial vein;
abdomen moderately stout, about as long as the combined length of the head
and thorax; pygidial area not well defined; about twice as long as it is broad
at the base, with a few obscuie scattered punctures. Black; tarsi shghtly
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 415
reddish, abdomen entirely bright red. Body tliinly clothed with short, silvery
pubescence, most promineiit on the front; the abdomen not silvery fasciate.
<^ . Unknown.
Type, a female taken at (3inaha, Nebraska, September 8, 1913,
(L. T. Williams).
Related to tarsatus, but distinct from that species in the different
relative lengths of the antennal joints, different sculpture of the
propodeum and the larger size.
Tachysphex zimmeri sp. nov.
9. Length 11 to 12 mm. Rather stout. Anterior margin of clypeus
rounded, with a strong lateral tooth; apical half of clypeus polished, shining,
with a few scattered punctures; basal half of clypeus with close, fine punctures;
antennae normal not thickened medially; joint two less than half as long as
joint three, which is about three-fourths as long as joint four; interocular space
at the vertex about equal to the combined length of antennal joints two and
three; front finely and densely punctured, appearing granulate; punctures
of interocellar space somewhat finer and separated, vertex with the punctures
separated as much as their o^ni diameter; mesoscutum closely and finely
punctured, the mesoscutellum with fine, well separated punctures; the epi-
sterna granulate; disc of propodeum granulate; sides of propodeum finely
striate; posterior face of propodeum coarsely striate; the fovea moderately
large and smooth; disc of propodeum separated from the posterior face by a
strong carina; legs strongly spinose; longer spur of hind tibiae shorter than the
basitarsus; wings large, subhyaline; the marginal cell broadly and obliquely
truncate, the second and third submarginal cells about equal in length on the
radial vein; abdomen moderately stout; the pygidial area more than twice as
long as its width at the base, fairly well defined, finely reticulate, with sparse
shallow punctures. Black; tarsi reddish, abdomen entirely red. Body
thinly clothed with short, silvery pubescence, the abdomen silvery fasciate.
cf . UnknowTi.
Type, a female collected at Monroe Canyon, Sioux County,
Nebraska, August 20, 1908, (J. T. Zimmer).
Belongs to the tarsatus group, but is distinguished by the differ-
ent clypeus, different puncturation, and different pygidial area.
Named for Mr. J. T. Zimmer, who collected the specimen.
Tachysphex erythraeus sp. nov.
9 . Length S to 9 mm. Modcn-atelj' stout. Clypeus slighth' rounded or
subtruncate, very narrowly margined anteriorly (much less margined than in
tarsatus or setnirufus); not emarginate medially and without lateral teeth;
apical half of clypeus polished, with a few large scattered punctures; basal half
of clypeus with small, separated punctures; antennae normal, not thickened
medially; joint two about one-third the length of joint three, which is slightly
shorter than joint four; interocular space at vertex equal to the combined
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
2
416 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
length of antennal joints two and three; front densely punctured, appearing
granulate; interocellar space with fine, separated punctures; on the vertex the
punctures are small, shallow and slightly more than their diameter apart;
mesoscutum with small, shallow, well-separated punctures; mesoscutellum
poHshed, with a shallow, sparse puncturation; episterna granulate; disc of
propodeum granulate throughout; sides of propodeum finely striato-granulate;
posterior face moderately rugose; with a medium-sized, shallow, wedge-shaped
fovea; legs moderately spinose; the longer spur of the hind tibiae shorter than
the basitarsus; wings large; marginal cell fairly broadly and squarely truncate;
the second and third submarginal cells about equal in length on the radial
vein; abdomen moderately stout, not as long as the head and thorax com-
bined; pygidial area well defined; not twice as long as it is broad at the base;
finely reticulate throughout and with a number of fine, scattered punctures.
Black; tarsi somewhat reddish; three basal segments of the abdomen reddish.
Body with a thin, sparse, silvery pubescence, that on the front somewhat
heavier; the abdomen not silvery fasciate.
cf . Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux County
Nebraska, June 6, 1901, on Erysimum sp., (M. Caiy).
Belongs to the tarsatus group; is distinct by the marginal rim
of the clypeus being very narrow, while on others of that group
it is rather wide; also differs in the puncturation of the body, in
the sculpture of the propodeum and in the sculpture of the pygid-
ium.
Tachysphex angularis sp. nov.
cf . Length 5.5 to 6 mm. Slender. Clypeus extended anteriorly so as to
form a triangular projection, the apical middle of the olypeus forming the apex
of the triangle; apical half of the clypeus polished, with a few large, deep
punctures; basal half of clypeus closely and finely punctured; joint two of
antennae more than one-half as long as joint three which is shghtly shorter
than joint four; interocular space at vertex about equal to the combined length
of antennal joints three and four; front densely punctured, appearing granu-
late; vertex with fine, well separated punctures; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum
with fine, well separated punctures; episterna closely punctured; disc of pro-
podeum finely rugose; sides of propodeum strongly, transversely striate; pos-
terior face of propodeum coarsely striate; the disc separated from the posterior
face by a strong carina; fovea deep, long, smooth, wedge-shaped; eighth ven-
tral segment broadly emarginate; legs moderately spined; longer spur of hind
tibiae shorter than the basitarsus; wings subhyaline; marginal cell broadly
and obliquely truncate at the apex; second and third submarginal cells about
equal in length on the radial vein. Black; tarsi somcwliat reddish; togulae
more or less testaceous; first three segments of abdomen reddish, liody
clothed with thin, short, silvery pubescence; the abdomen silvery fasciate.
9 . Unknown.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 417
Type, a male collected at Sowbelly Canyon, Sioux County,
Nebraska, June 23, 1911, (R. W. Dawson). Four paratypes
collected at the same place on the same date.
Allied to nigrocaudatus. The triangular clyjical projection,
sculpture of the propodeum and puniui'cd epistcnia will serve
to distinguish it from that species.
Tachytes austerus sp. iiov.
9 • Length 8 to 9 mm. Modprateh' slender. Anterior margin of elypeus
narrowly and deeply emarginate medially, with three obtuse, lateral teeth;
second joint of antennae about three-fourths the length of the third, whicli is
equal in length to the fourth; interocular space at the vertex about equal to
the combined length of antennal joints three and four; front with moderately
close punctures; the space between the punctures finely reticulate; vertex
with intermingled punctures of varying size; mesoscutum and episterna punc-
tured like the front; mesoscutellum shining, sparsely punctate; disc of propo-
deum very closely punctate, appearing granulate, shining and impunctate on
the posterior margin; sides of propodeum finely and rather closety punctate;
posterior face closely and deeply punctate, the punctures almost touching,
channelled medially; longer spur of hind tibiae about equal in length to the
basitarsus; wings subhyaline; marginal cell narrowly and obliquelv truncate;
second submarginal cell about a third wider on the radial vein than the third
submarginal; abdomen clorsally finely and sparsely punctured; ventrally the
punctures are larger and more variable in size. Black; first and l)asal half of
the second abdominal segments reddish; leg spines pale; body clothed with
sparse silvery pile; bristles of pygidium bronzed.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female taken at Omaha, Nc^braska, August 5, 1914,
(L. T. Williams).
Related to abdorninalis , but differs from that species by having
the anterior margin of the elypeus strongly emarginate, in the
different puncturation, smaller size, and the recurrent veins not
proximate on the cubitus.
Tachytes maestus sp. nov.
? . Length 6 to 7.5 mm. Slender, .\nterior margin of elypeus slightly
emarginate medially, with three lateral teeth; second antennal joint al)Out
three-fourths the length of the third, which is subequal in length to the fourth;
interocular space at the vertex about equal to the combined length of anteinuil
joints three and four; front with rather s|)arse, shallow punctures; \ertex more
closely and finely punctured; mesoscutum, episterna and mesoscutellum with
rather sparse, deep punctures; disc of propodeum granulate, with a shallow
fovea medially on the posterior margin; sides of propodeum punctate; pos-
terior face quite closely punctate; longer spur of hind tibiae shorter than the
basitarsus; wings subhyaline; marginal cell obliquely truncate at the apex;
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
418 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
second submarginal cell much wider on the radius than the third submarginal;
abdomen with fine, sparse, punctures dorsally; ventrally the punctures of
moderate size, deep and fairly close. Entirely black; pygidiuni clothed with
golden pubescence; body clothed with sparse, thin, silvery pile.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Omaha, Nebraska, July 31, 1914,
(L. T. Williams) ; five paratypes from Omaha, Nebraska, August
18 and August 25, (L. T. Williams).
Belongs to the group composed of parvus, mimdus, and minor.
It may possibly prove to be the female of one of these.
Larropsis picina sp. nov.
9 . Length 13 mm. Clypeus broadly and shallowly emarginate medially,
lateral angles strong, forming a tooth, with a small tooth just inside; clypeus
apically with large, sparse, shallow punctures, basally with fine, close punctures;
front with medium sized, close punctures; vertex with fine, close punctures;
interocular space at the vertex less than the length of antennal joints two and
three united; joints three and four subequal; mesoscutum with fine punctures,
well separated; mesoscutellum rather shiny, with sparse, fine punctures; epi-
sterna very densely punctate; disc of propodeum strongly striate, the striae
diverging from near the base; a shallow fovea at the apex; sides of propodeum
strongly transversely striate; the posterior face very coarsely transversely
striate, with a large wedge-shaped fovea at the base; abdomen shining; pygid-
ium sparsely punctured; legs strongly spined. Entirely black; wings fuscous,
venation black; pubescence of pygidium dark brownish; body nearly bare, a
slight grayish pile on the abdomen.
d". Length 10 to 11 mm. Clypeus more narrowly rounded out, lateral
angles strong, slightly emarginate medially; puncturation of front stronger,
that of the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum a little stronger and much closer
than in the female; sculpture of propodeum same as in the female; abdomen
with fine, well separated punctures; legs strongly spined. Entirely black;
tarsi somewhat reddish; wings fuscous; head, thorax and abdomen with silvery
pile, that of the face quite prominent.
Type and allotype collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 9,
1908, (C. H. Gable). Three paratypes, males, from Harrison,
Nebraska, and one paratype male from Fort Garland, Colorado.
Closely related to aurantia, from which it differs mainly in the
different sculpture of the propodeum and by being entirely black.
Family Bembicidae
Stictia spinifera sp. nov.
1908. Monedula speciosa H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p. 383,
(in part), (nee Cresson).
d'. Length 20 to 22 mm. Body finely, closely punctate; iiead narrower
than the thorax; first joint of flagellum almost as long as joints two and three
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 419
united; second abdominal sternite with two approximate; strong tubercles on
the posterior margin; eighth sternite terminating in three spines, without a
discal spine; fore femora much flattened; apical joint of fore tarsi greatly
enlarged and flattened, as long as the combined length of tarsal joints two,
three and four; apical joints of intermediate and hind tarsi also considerably-
enlarged; intermediate femora beneath with a longitudinal row of short, sharp
spines (much as in speciosa); basal point of intermediate tarsi curved, spined
basally. Head yellow; large spot on front, extending to the vertex on each
side of the anterior ocellus, interocellar area, vertex, occiput and post-genae,
all black; thorax yellow; mesoscutum, posterior portion of mesosternum,
mesoscutellum (except a narrow, arcuate fascia) and mctanotum (except a
narrow, arcuate fascia), narrow transverse spot above on propodeum, and large
lateral spots on the posterior face of the propodeum, all black; abdomen
black; two large lateral spots and two small, rounded medial spots on the first
tergite, a basal sinuate fasciae, broadly excavated anteriorly, on the second
tergite, subapical, sinuate bands on tergites three to six, apical portion of last
tergite, first sternite almost entirely, and large, lateral spots on sternites two
to five, all yellow (sometimes the abdominal markings are much reduced);
legs entirely yellow; a line on the femora above and apical joint of all the tarsi
black (in one paratype the three apical joints of the hind tarsi are black).
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at McCook, Nebraska, July, 1902,
(M. H. Swenk); two paratypes, McCook, Nebraska, July, 1902,
(M. H. Swenk), and Glen, August 17, 1906, on Cleome serrulata,
(M. H. Swenk).
Runs to pulchellam Fox's table, but is distinct from that species
in the much larger size, spinose femora and greatly enlarged
apical joint of the fore tarsi; by the latter character it may be
related to speciosa, where it was doubtfully placed by H. S.
Smith, but differs from that species in the bituberculate second
ventral segment, in the lack of a discal spine on the eighth ventral
segment and in the different color markings of the body.
Stictia exigua (Fox)
1895. Monechda exigua Fox, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phila., p. 370.
Specimens examined: 69, 2cf, collected at (lien, Nei^raska;
visits flowers of Solidago sp. and Melilotus sp.; taken from July
12 to August 17.
cf . Length I'.i to 14 nmi. Head as wide as the thorax; body moderately
punctate; first joint of flagellum one-fourth longer than the second; last joint
curved and obliquely truncate; second sternite strongly bitul)erculat(> on the
posterior margin; fourth sternite with two, rather widely separatetl, shght
tubercles on the posterior margin; eighth sternite terminating in three spines,
without a discal spine; intermediate femora with a very strong carina beneath,
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
420 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
the carina broadly and shallowly concave; all the joints of the fore tarsi broad-
ened and flattened; basal joint of intermediate tarsi flattened, not spined
basally; pulvilli large and distinct. Head yellow; front and vertex (except a
transverse irregular spot before the anterior ocellus), occiput and post-genae,
all black; flagellum dark testaceous above; thorax yellow; mesoscutum (except
a line above the tegulae) , transverse spot on pronotum anteriorly, mesoscu-
tellum (except an apical fascia which is much broader at the sides), metanotum
(except a narrow apical fascia) , propodeum (except a narrow curved fascia,
basally and a large spot on each side), all black; abdomen black; rather narrow
subapical, sinuate fascia (sometimes interrupted medially) on tergites one ta
six, tip of seventh tergite, first and second sternites (except lateral spots
basally), sinuate bands on sternites three to six (that on the second sternite
rather wide and deeply emarginate each side of the middle, the rest narrow),
and apical half of middle spine of eighth sternite, all yellow; legs almost entirely
yellow. Wings hyaline, reaching past the third abdominal segment.
Allotype, one male, collected at Glen, Nebraska, July 12^
1910, (J. T. Zimmer).
Family PSENIDAE
Subfamily Pseninae
Mimesa dawsoni sp. no v.
cf. Length 6.5 mm. Front and clypeus densely silvery pubescent; clyp-
eus shghtly emarginate medially on the anterior margin; vertex shining, with
sparse, very fine punctures; space between the posterior ocelh a httle greater
than the distance between them and the margin of the eyes; antennae almost
as long as the head and thorax combined, clavate; none of the joints of the
flagellum prominent beneath; mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and episterna,
sparsely, finely punctate; enclosure of propodeum small, very poorly defined,
finely rugose; posterior face and sides of propodeum smooth, impunctate;.
posterior face with a deep, longitudinal sulcus medially; petiole of abdomen
about two-thirds the length of the hind femur; somewhat convex above, flat-
tened apically, smooth, without sulci; flagellum entirely, tegulae, apex of
first abdominal segment, second segment, anterior and intermediate tibiae,
posterior tibiae basally, and all the tarsi, testaceous; first recurrent nervure
interstitial with the second transverse cubitus; a proximal pale spot on the
stigma.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 12, 1912,
(R. W. Dawson).
This species is readily recognizable by having the posterior
face of the propodeum smooth and impunctate. It runs to
"group 5" in Fox's paper and is apparently nearest to unicinctus.
I take pleasure in naming this species for my friend Mr. R. W.
Dawson, who collected the specimen.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 421
Mimesa cressoni Packard
1867. Mimesa cressonii Packard, Proc. Ent. Soc. Phila., vi, p. 405.
1898. Psen cressonii Fox, Trans. Anier. Ent. Soc, xxv, p. 12.
1908. Mimesa conica H. S. Smith, Univ. Nebr. Studies, viii, p. 389.
Specimens examined: 27 9, 59 d"; collected at Lincoln, Fair-
mont, West Point, Broken Bow, Oxford, Haigler, Imperial,
Ogallala, Brown County, Mitchell, Glen, Harrison, Monroe
Canyon and Warbonnct Canyon, Nebraska; visits flowers of
Helimithus sp., and Gutierrezia sarothrae; taken from June 10 to
October.
Smith's type and paratypcs of conica are all males of cressoni.
They are not females as stated in his paper. His group of gran-
ulosus and conica was founded on what he described as females of
these two species; inasmuch as all of his specimens of both species
were males the grouping, of course, has no systematic value.
Family CRABRONIDAE
Thyreopus fBlepharipus) utensis sp. nov.
9 . Length 7 mm. Cb'peus feebly carinate medially; anterior margin of
produced portion of clypeus truncate; frontal depression shallow, glabrous,
the impressed Hne running to the fore ocellus deep; vertex, occiput and cheeks
sparsely, microscopically punctate; ocelli in an equilateral triangle, the space
between the two posterior ocelh distinctly less than the space between them
and the nearest eye margins; first joint of flagellum distinctly longer than the
second; pronotum apparently impunctate, deeply, transversely impressed
before the apical margin, slightly, longitudinally impressed medially; mesoscu-
tum, episterna and mesoscutellum very finely, sparsely punctate; episterimm
with a short carina which originates at the coxal cavityand terminates ina small
sharp tubercle; impressed Hncs forming enclosed space of propodeuni indis-
tinct, not foveolate; medial furrow shallow, moderately wide, running the
entire length of the propodeum; enclosed space with four very strong striae on
each side of the medial furrow; sides of propodeum for the most part glabrous,
indistinctly striate posteriorly; posterior face of propodeum transversely
rugose, stronger on the apical portion; lateral ridges of posterior face distinct;
first two abdominal segments almost impunctate, the remaining segments
distinctly, microscopically punctate; pygidium narrowed at the apex, deeply
excavated; wings slightly fuscous; first transverse cubitus received distinctly
before the middle of the marginal cell. Entirely black; tcgulae dark l)rownish;
tibial spurs testaceous.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Ute Creek, Colorado, July 19,
1907, (L. Bruner).
Related to ater, from which it differs as follows: the produced
portion of the clypeus sciuarely truncate; iMincturation of the
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
422 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
head and thorax finer and sparser; and the impressed Unes form-
ing the enclosure of the propodeum indistinct.
Thyreopus (Subgenus?) stygius sp. nov.
9 . Length 7.5 mm. Ch'peus very feebly carinated; the anterior margin
with the produced portion squarely truncate; frontal depression shallow, gla-
brous, distinct; impressed hne running to the fore ocellus deep; ocelli in an
equilateral triangle, the space between the posterior pair slightly less than the
space between one of them and the nearest eye-margin; front, vertex,, occiput
and cheeks sparsely, microscopically punctate; first joint of flagellum very
slightly longer than the second; pronotum transversely impressed before the
apical margin, very slightly, longitudinally impressed medially; mesoscutum
with distinct, well-separated punctures, more strongly and closely punctured
than the head; mesoscutellum apparently impunctate; episterna punctured
like the mesoscutum; episterna with a short carina originating at the coxal
cavity and terminating in a short, sharp tubercle; enclosed space of propodeum
distinct, the impressed lines forming it strongly foveolate; medial furrow run-
ning the entire length of the propodeum, the portion in the enclosed space
strongly foveolate; enclosed space with several, short, distinct striae at the
base; sides of the propodeum, finely, obUquely rugose; lateral ridges of pos-
terior face distinct, foveolate outwardly; posterior face evidently transversely
rugose; abdomen microscopically punctate, more so on the apical segments;
pygidivmi narrowed at the apex, excavated; tibiae spinose; wings hyaline; first
transverse cubitus received by the marginal cell distinctly before the middle.
Black; tegulae brownish; apical abdominal segment somewhat rufous; apices
of tibiae, intermediate and posterior tarsi somewhat reddish; tibial spurs
testaceous
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected in the Bad Lands at the Mouth of
Monroe Canyon, Sioux County, Nebraska, May 28, 1901, on
Astragalus sp., (L. Bruner).
In Fox's table this species runs out at nigrior, but is distinct
from that species in the feebly carinate and truncate clypeus,
the different sculpture of the propodeum and the larger size.
Thyreopus (Synothyreopus) bruneri sp. nov.
1908. Crabro vemalis H. S. Smith. Univ. N(>l)r. Studies, viii, p. 400, (nee
Packard) .
9 . Length 7 to 9 mm. Head finely granulate with sparse, shallow punc-
tures; distance between the two posterior ocelli about equal to the distance
between one of them and the nearest eye margin; impressed line running from
front to anterior ocellus moderately deep; a rather indistinct impressed line
running backward from the anterior ocellus; flagellum (exclusive of the pedi-
ccllum) more than twice the length of the scape; first joint of flagellum about
equal in length to the two following joints united; pronotum not furrowed at
the sides, slightly impressed medially, the lateral teeth small an^ blunt; meso-
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 423
scutum sculptured like the head; mesoscutellum with sparse, shallow punc-
tures, slightly longitudinally striate on the posterior margin; episterna with
sparse, shallow punctures; finely, transversely striate above; propodeum
above finely, longitudinally striate, on the lateral and posterior sides finely
rugose; abdomen microscopically punctate except the first segment which is
rather glabrous and almost impunctate; pygidium broad, flat, not excavated,
very strongly punctured. Black; scape at the tip, four small spots on the
pronotum (sometimes only two are present), posterior lobes of pronotum,
metanotum, two small, lateral, sinuate spots on first tergite, large, wedge-
shaped, lateral spots on tergites two and three, large, sinuate lateral spots on
tergite four, band on tergite five which is very slightly interrupted medially,
fore and intermediate tibiae except a line within, posterior tibiae except at
the apex, and the first joint of all the tarsi, light yellow; stigma and nervures
of the wings, yellowish. Clypeus, inner orbits and tergites of the abdomen
with silvery pubescence; head and thorax with very long, thin, pale hairs.
cf. Length 6 to 8 mm. Head finely granulate with sparse, shallow
punctures; distance between the two posterior ocelli about equal to the distance
between one of them and the nearest eye margin; flagellum about three times
the length of the scape; first joint of flagellum about equal in length to the
two following joints united; apical joint of flagellum distinctly curved and
much flattened; pronotum not furrowed laterally, slightly depressed medially,
the lateral teeth small and blunt; mesoscutum sculptured like the head; meso-
scutellum with a few, sparse punctures; episterna sparsely punctured, finely,
transversely striate above, propodeum longitudinally rugose above, channelled
medially; sides of propodeum transversely striated; the posterior face trans-
versely rugose; tergites of abdomen microscopically punctate; anterior tro-
chanters about half as long as the femora, much broadened before the apex;
anterior femora much flattened with a long, slender, sharp spine at the base;
tibial shield broader than long; first joint of anterior tarsi much flattened.
Black; apical three-fifths of scape, two elongate spots on the pronotum, pos-
terior lobes of pronotum, broad band on the mesoscutellum narrowly inter-
rupted medially, metanotum, lateral spots on tergites one to three (those on
the first tergite almost touching), broad bands on tergites four, five and six,
tergite seven almost entirely, fore and intermediate femora at the apex, all
the tibiae except the apex of the intermediate and posterior, and first joint
of all the tarsi, fight yellow; basal half of tibial shield light yellow, apical half
creamy, translucent. Clypeus, inner orbits and tergites of abdomen with
silvery pubescence; head and thorax with very long, thin, pale hairs. Stigma
and nervures of wings yellowish.
Type, a male collected in Sioux County, Nebraska, in May,
(L. Bruner) ; allotype, a female collected in Sioux County, Ne-
braska, in May, (L. Bruner); three female paratypes and four
male paratypes collected in Sioux County, Nebraska, in May,
(L. Bruner) ; one female paratype collected at Warbonnet Canyon,
Sioux County, Nebraska, May 26, 1901, (]\I. Cary); one female
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLH.
424 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
paratype collected at Warbonnet Canyon, Sioux County, Ne-
braska, May 27, 1901, (M. A. Carriker, Jr.); one female paratype
without data.
Closely related to vernalis, but quite distinct and may be dis-
tinguished as follows: the distance between the posterior ocelli
is about equal to the distance between them and the nearest
eye margins, in both sexes. In the female the mesoscutellum is
black and punctured, and the markings on the pronotum differ
from that of vernalis. In the male the abdominal markings
differ, the venter is entirely black, and the tibial shield is quite
differently shaped and colored from that in vernalis. The
species is named for Prof. Lawrence Bruner who collected most
of the specimens.
Thyreopus (subgenus?) knoxensis sp. nov.
cj^. Length 7.5 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus truncate; impressed line
of front deep; front appearing striato-punctate, remainder of head moderately
punctate; space between the two posterior ocelli about equal to the space
between one of them and the nearest eye margin; the two posterior ocelli
behind a line drawn across the vertex at the posterior margin of the eyes; first
joint of flagellum slightly longer than the second; flagellum with short, sparse,
curled hair beneath; pronotum strongly toothed laterally; mesoscutum and
mesoscutellum with distinct, well-separated punctures, episterna with some-
what sparse, fine punctures; propodeum above strongly channelled medially,
with two distinct enclosed spaces which are more or less rugose within; the
medial channel continues on the posterior face, narrowing and terminating
on the apical half; lateral ridges of posterior face distinct; the sides and pos-
terior face of the propodeum finely, transversely rugose; abdomen dorsally,
microscopically punctate; fore femora not spined; intermediate tibiae without
a spur; first joint of hind tarsi distinctly longer than the longer spur of the
hind tibiae. Black; two small lateral spots at the base of the clypeus, scape
slightly at the tip and behind, posterior lobes of pronotum, lateral spots on
tergites one to four (those on segment four quite narrow), minute, lateral
spots on second sternite, anterior femora in front, intermediate femora at the
tip, anterior tibiae, intermediate tibiae (except a line within), posterior tibiae
at the base and first joint of anterior and intermediate tarsi, yellowish (in the
type the color is reddish from being over-cyanided) ; tegulae, stigma and ner-
vures of wings brownish. Clypeus and inner orbits silvery pubescent.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Knox, North Dakota, July 13, 1911,
on Sium cicutaefolium, (O. A. Stevens).
Related to oywana Rohwer, by the absence of the spiu's on
the intermediate tibiae, but is quite distinct from that species.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 425
In Fox's table it runs out at hilaris, but differs from any of the
species in that group by the lack of a spur on the intermediate
tibiae, antennal characters, the sculpture of the propodeum and
other minor characters.
Crabro (Protothyreopus) crassiceps sp. nov.
9 . Length 13.5 mm. Anterior margin of clypeus .slightly rounded out,
nof dentate laterally; head rather finely and evenly punctured throughout; line
from anterior ocellus rather indistinct; ocelli in a low triangle, the space be-
tween the posterior pair slightly less than that between one of them and the
nearest eye margin; facial basin smooth; first joint of the flagellum about
equal in length to the following two joints united; clypeus, frontal orl)its widely
and posterior orbits densely silvery pubescent; remainder of head with short,
sparse pubescence, except on the vertex before the ocelli where the pubescence
is rather long (about as long as the first flagellar joint); pronotum strongly
ridged anteriorly, very slightly dentate laterally, strongly emarginate medially;
anterior face of pronotum longitudinally striated; mesoscutum and meso-
scutellum with moderate, close, more or less confluent punctures; episterna
strongh", transverselj^ striated above, striato-punctate below; mesosternum
with large, sparse punctures; propodeum obliquelj^ striate above, channelled
medially, the channel rather narrow; sides of propodeum very finely trans-
versely striate; posterior face of propodeum more strongly, transversely striate
than the sides, with a rather deep channel medially; entire thorax with sparse,
fairly long, silvery pubescence; dorsal abdominal segments finely, closely
punctured, the punctures on the first segment slightly larger than those on
the following segments; pygidium flat, triangular, with a lateral fringe of stiff
hairs; second and third ventral segments with finely, closely punctured areas
laterally; the second ventral segment sparsely punctate throughout; sternites
two to five with an apical, transverse line of rather large punctures; sternite
six strongly punctured; all the femora more or less triangular, the anterior
ones strongly so. Color black; mandibles (except apices), scape entirely,
pcdicellum and first joint of flagellum beneath, pronotum above except the
emargination, posterior lobes of pronotum, tegulae anteriorly, large rectangu-
lar spot on the episterna just behind the posterior lobes of pronotum, two
small lateral spots in front of the mesoscutellum, a narrow band on the meso-
scutellum anteriorly, interrupted medially, metanotum, two lateral, irregularly
triangular spots on the lower portion of the posterior face of the propodeum,
two large spots on first abdominal tergite almost touching medially, broad
bands, slighth^ narrowed medially on abdominal tergites two to five, that on
tergite five the widest, spot on the posterior coxae beneath, all th.e femora above
at the apex and extending about two-thirds of the way to the base, all the
tibiae entireh^ and the basal two or three joints of all the tarsi, yellow; pos-
terior portion of tegulae testaceous; apical joints of tarsi blackish ; wings slightly
yellowish; nervures and stigma yellowish; first recurrent nervure received near
the apex of the first submarginal cell.
cf. Unknown.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
42G NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
Type, a female taken at Ute Creek, Colorado, August 7, 1907,
(R. W. Dawson).
Closely related to megacephalus Rohwer, but differs in the
sculpture of the propodeum, puncturation of the ventral segments
and other minor characters. In having the propodeum marked
with yellow it is similar to higeminus Patton, but differs in the
markings on the abdomen and in the coloration of the femora.
Crabro (Xestocrabro) proletarius sp. nov.
(f. Length 5.5 mm. Clypeus truncate medially, with a small lateral
tooth; facial basin smooth, distinctly margined above; head with very fine,
shallow, well separated punctures; line running from anterior ocellus faint but
distinct; ocelli in a low triangle, the distance between the two posterior ones
slightly less than the distance between them and the nearest eye margins;
first joint of flagellum about one-fourth longer than the second, the first four
joints more or less emarginate basally, beneath, and somewhat produced at
the tip; clypeus and lower orbits covered with dense silvery pubescence,
remainder of head with very fine, sparse, silvery pubescence, pronotum mar-
gined anteriorly and posteriorly forming a transverse furrow, broken medially
by a shallow emargination; not at all dentate laterally; mesoscutum closely,
confluently punctate giving it the appearance of being finely, transversely
striato -punctate anteriorly and finely, longitudinally striato-punctate poste-
riorly; mesoscutellum longitudinally striato-punctate; episterna transversely
striate above, transversely striato-punctate below; mesosternum with fine,
well separated punctures; propodeum above shallowly reticulate, with a shal-
low, slightly foveolate channel medially; a row of rather large, shallow foveae
between the upper surface and the posterior face of the propodeum, the latter
rather strongly, transversely striate and channelled medially; sides of propo-
deum moderately, transversely striate; abdomen apparently impunctate, the
first tergite more or less microscopically punctate; fore femora produced be-
neath at the base; fore tarsi very much flattened; first joint of internunliate
tarsi not angulate, very slightly longer than the following three joints united.
Color black; small spot on the mandibles, scape (except at the base in front
and extending upward on the inner side, black), band on the pronotum above,
widely interrupted medially, posterior lobes of the pronotum, metanotum,
lateral spots basally on tergites two to five (those on tergite two the largest),
basal band on tergite six somewhat narrowed medially, fore femora at the tip
and a stripe in front and on outer side, intermediate femora on the apical fourth,
front and intermediate tibiae except a spot within, hind tibiae except a spot
within at the apex, and first two joints of anterior tarsi, all yellow; anterior
femora behind, and spot on anterior tibiae within, reddish; wings subhyaline,
veins and stigma dark testaceous.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Lisbon, North Dakota, June 5, 1913,
on Zizia aurea, (O. A. Stevens).
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 427
Related to drymocallidis Rohwer in the structure of the front
femora and other characters.
Crabro (Solenius) planaris sp. nov.
cf. Length G mm. Anterior margin of clypeus produced into a narrow,
truncated process, distinctly ridged medially; facial basin smooth, shining;
head with very strong, more or less confluent punctures, those on the cheeks
more shallow, smaller and sparser; line from anterior ocellus to facial basin
veiy faint; ocelli in a rather low triangle, the distance between the poste-
rior pair about equal to the distance between one of them and the nearest
eye margin; first joint of flagellum slightly shorter than the second; clypeus
and lower orbits covered with dense, silveiy pubescence; remainder of head
covered with sparse, silveiy pubescence, pronotum closely punctured, the
punctures smaller than those on the head, margined anteriorl}^ and dis-
tinctly dentate laterally; mesoscutum with large, deep, more or less conflu-
ent punctures; mesosdutellum sculptured similarly; episterna slightly striato-
punctate above, with fairly large, well separated punctures throughout; upper
and posterior faces of the propodeum strongly rugoso-reticulate throughout,
the sides of the propodeum strongly, trans verseh' striate; first abdominal tergite
basally much flattened, the flattened area bounded posteriorly by an obtuse
elevation; second abdominal tergite with a strong, transverse depression
basally; third abdominal tergite slightly depressed basally; abdominal tergites
with distinct, well separated punctures; second and third abdominal sternites
with a strongly impressed apical line; fore femora with a sharp tooth near
the base beneath; fore tarsi slightly flattened, intermediate tibiae not spined at
the tip. Color black; scape (except a fine behind), two very small, transverse
spots on the anterior face of the pronotum, posterior lobes of the pronotum,
narrow, medial, transverse bands widely interrupted medially on tergites one
to four, narrow sinuate bands on tergites five and six, anterior femora at the
tips and below, intermediate femora at the tips, anterior tibiae entirely, inter-
mediate and posterior tibiae except a line within, and all the tarsi, yellow;
flagellum above blackish, beneath testaceous; tegulae testaceous; wings sub-
hyaline, veins and stigma testaceous.
9. Unknown.
Type, a male collected at ^lonroe Canyon, Sioux County,
Nebraska, August 17, 1908, (R. W. Dawson).
Distinct from the other species of Solenius in the flattened
area on the first abdominal tergite, the transverse, basal depres-
sions on tergites two and three, and the impressed, apical lines
on sternites two and three.
Lindenius buccadentis sp. nov.
190S. Lindenius armaticeps H. S. Smith, I'liiv. Xebr. Studies, viii, p. 404,
(nee Fox).
9 . Length 4. ,5 to .5 mm. Clyi)eus truncate anteriorly with a lateral
tooth; facial basin smooth; line i)etween fore ocellus and facial basin distinct;
ocelli in a low triangle, the distance between the two posterior ocelli very much
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
428 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
greater than the distance between one of them and the nearest eye margin;
head very shining, pohshed, with sparse, distinct pmictures; gula with a
short, blunt tooth ; first and second joints of the flagellum about equal in length ;
clvpeus, inner orbits, and cheeks with prominent, silvery pubescence, that on
the clypeus and orbits denser; pronotum prominently, transversely ridged
anteriorly, not toothed laterally, distinctly lower than the mesoscutum; meso-
scutum and mesoscutellum shining, polished, with sparse, distinct punctures;
episterna more finely and closely punctured than the mesoscutum, the foveo-
late furrow slightly curved, and a prominent fovea above, below the tegulae;
the two convexities of the enclosed space on upper surface of propodeum
smooth, shining; propodeum channelled medially, the channel connecting with
a transverse, foveolate furrow at the base of the upper surface; posterior face
of propodeum shining, indistinctly sculptured near the sides; sides of propo-
deum smooth and shining; episterna and mesosternum with prominent silvery
pubescence; abdomen sparsely, microscopically punctate, covered with short,
fine, not dense silvery hairs; the apical margins of the tei'gites narrowly testa-
ceous; pygidium flat, acute at the apex, about one and one-third times as long
as broad, with large, close distinct punctures. Color black; mandibles except
the reddish apical half, scape except a blotch behind, flagellum beneath at
base, pronotum above, posterior lobes of pronotum, anterior femora at the
tips, anterior and intermediate tibiae except a blotch within, posterior tibiae
on the basal third, all the tarsi except the apical joint, very pale lemon yellow;
flagellum testaceous beneath, wings hyaline, iridescent, veins and stigma
brownish.
cf . Very similar to the female. The tooth on the gula is somewhat stronger
and the flagellum and fore femora are entirely black.
Type, a female collected at Omaha, Nebraska, July 9, 1914,
on Chamaecrista fasciculata, (L. T. Williams) ; allotype, a male
collected at Omaha, Nebraska, July 25, 1914, (L. T. Williams);
five female and one male paratypes collected at Omaha, West
Point and Glen, Nebraska.
The female is very similar to errans (Fox), but differs by having
the gula toothed, the mesoscutellum black, and in the sparser
puncturation of the head and thorax. The male in having the
gula toothed seems related to armaticeps (Fox), but is distinct in
having the clypeus and scape posteriorly black, the posterior
tibiae yellow at the base only, and the convexities of the enclosed
space of propodeum smooth and shining.
Family OXYBELIDAE
Notoglossa minor sp. nov.
c? . I.ength 2.75 mm. Clypeus five-toothed; head very strongly punctured
throughout; occiput finely striato-punctate (i. e. the punctures strong as on
the rest of the head, but the striae very fine) ; distance between the two pos-
terior ocelli about twice the distance between one of them and the nearest eye-
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 429
margin; thorax strongly punctured like the head; pronotum strongly margined
anteriorl}'; episterna finely striato-punctate; mososcutellum and metanotum
with a strong, median, longitudinal carina; squamae with a lateral point which
does not exceed the tip; metanotal spine short, about as long as the scape, nar-
rowed at the base, broad at the tip, deeply and roundly emarginate; upper sur-
face of propodeum obhquely striate; posterior face, except the small, triangu-
lar median area, transversely striate; sides of the propodeum very finely, shal-
lowly and closely punctate, appearing somewhat granulate; abdomen strong-
ly punctured throughout, without any evident spines on the sides. Color
black; mandibles except the reddish tips, minute lateral spots on first tergite,
anterior and intermediate tibiae and tarsi, stripe outwardly on the posterior
tibiae, and hind tarsi, all yellowish; flagellum except the basal three or four
joints, and the tegulae, testaceous; wings hyaline, stigma and nervures brown-
ish; front, ch'peus and apical margins of abdominal segments with conspicuous
silvery pubescence, remainder of body with thin, sparse, silvery pubescence.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Omaha, Nebraska, July 16, 1914, on
Chamaecruta fasciculata, (L. T. Williams).
Related to emarginata, but differs from that species in the
much smaller size, the striato-punctate episterna, the peculiarly
sculptured sides of the propodeum and in the shape of the meta-
notal spine.
Notoglossa striatifrons sp. nov.
c^. Length 7.5 to 9 mm. Clypeus shining, three-toothed but not strongly
so; front strongly, longitudinally striato-punctate; vertex and occiput coarsely,
transversely striato-punctate; space between the two posterior ocelli about
two and one-half times the distance between one of them and the nearest eye-
margin; pronotum strongly margined anteriorly; mesoscutum strongly and
coarsely punctate; episterna coarsely reticulate; mesoscutcllum strongly
punctured; mesoscutellum and metanotum with a distinct, longitudinal,
median carina; squamae with a very strong lateral point which does not reach
to the tip; metanotal spine about as long as the mesoscutellum, broadened at
the tip and roundly emarginate; upper surface of propodeum obliquely rugose,
reticulate beneath the spine; posterior face of propodeum transversely rugose
except the median area, which is triangular, smooth and shining within;
sides of propodeum finely, transversely rugose; abdomen distinctly
punctate, the punctures on the first segment stronger than those on the
following segments; hind tibiae with three rows of stout, sharp spines on the
outer face, the space between the rows strongly rugose. Color black; spot on
the squamae, narrow apical bands on tergites one to four narrowly inter-
rupted medially, apical bands on tergites five and six, line on anterior tibiae
in front, spot at base of intermediate and posterior tibiae, all very light yellow-
ish; anterior tibiae and tarsi, and flagellum beneath at the apex reddish brown;
tegulae, nervures and stigma of wings testaceous; front and clypeus with con-
spicuous, silvery pubescence.
9 . Unknown.
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
430 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
Type, a male collected at Newcastle, Wyoming, in June, (M.
Gary). One paratype collected at the same time and place.
This species is very distinct in its striato-punctate front, vertex
and occiput, the strongh^ reticulate episterna and the markings
of the abdomen.
Notoglossa incisura sp. nov.
cf. Length 3.7.5 to .5 mm. Clypeus five-toothed; head strongly punctate
throughout; distance between the two posterior ocelli about three times the dis-
tance between one of them and the nearest eye-margin; pronotum margined
anteriorly; mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and episterna strongly punctate;
posterior portion of mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and metanotum with a
strong, longitudinal carina; squamae with a lateral point reaching beyond the
tip; metanotal spine about as long as the mesoscutellum, sides almost parallel,
not narrowed at the base; spine about twice as long as wide, deeply, widely,
and roundly emarginate; upper surface of propodeum obUquely striate, retic-
ulate beneath the spine; posterior face of propodeum except median area
which is triangular and finely rugose within, transversely striato-punctate;
sides of propodeum transversely striato-punctate; abdomen strongly punctate.
Color black; mandibles except the tips, small lateral spots on abdominal
tergites one and two, front and intermediate tibiae in front, posterior tibiae
at the base, anterior tarsi, intermediate and posterior tarsi basally, all yellow-
ish; flagellum beneath at the tip, and tegulae testaceous; apical half of post-
scutellar spine concolorous with the squamae; wings hyaline, nervures and
stigma testaceous; front and clypeus with conspicuous, silvery pubescence.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 9, 1908,
(R. W. Dawson). Eight male paratypes collected at Harrison
and Monroe Canyon, Sioux County, Nebraska, on August 4 and
9; visits flowers of Helianthus sp.
This species is quite distinct in the form of the squamae, the
metanotal spine and the sculpture of the propodeum as given in
the description above.
Notoglossa decorosa sp. nov.
9 . Length 4.5 mm. Anterior margin of the clypeus truncate, with a dis-
tinct lateral tooth; head strongly punctured throughout, appearing somewhat
striato-punctate on the occiput; distance between the posterior ocelh about
three times the distance between one of them and the nearest eye-margin;
pronotum margined anteriorly, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum and episterna
strongly punctured; posterior portion of the mesoscutum, the mesoscutellum
and the metanotum with a strong, longitudinal, median carina; squamae
large, the lateral points long, about half the length of the squamae and much
exceeding the tips of the latter; metanotal spine about as long as the meso-
scutellum, rather narrow, the dorsal surface strongly fluted, widely and
roundly emarginate at the tip; upper surface of propodeum obii(iuely striate.
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 431
reticulate beneath the spine; posterior face of propodeum finely rugoso-
punctate except the triangular median area whi(!h is rugose within; sides of
propodeum finely, transversely striato-punctate; abdomen rather strongly
punctate throughout, the longitudinal, median furrow of the first dorsal seg-
ment very distinct. Color, black; mandibles except the tips, pronotum entirely
above and extending to the posterior lobes, the posterior lobes of the pro-
notum, two spots on anterior face of the pronotum, spot at the base of each
squama, wide apical band on the first abdominal tcrgite widely interrupted
medially, lateral spots on apical margins of tcrgites two to four (the spots
narrow and transverse), apical third of the anterior femora outwardlj^ ante-
rior tibiae and tarsi, tips of the intermediate femora, line on the intermediate
tibiae in front, and base of posterior tarsi, all deep yellow; flagellum beneath
and at the tips, testaceous; tegulae and apical abdominal segment red; clypeus
and front without conspicuous silvery pubescense, the whole body covered
with thin, short silvery pubescence; wings hj'aline, nervures and stigma testa-
ceous.
cf. Unknown.
Type, a female collected at Omaha, Nebraska, July 9, 1914,
on Chamaecrista fasciculata, (L. T. Williams).
This species may be recognized at once by the deep yellow
pronotum and the wide, interrupted, apical A^ellow band on the
first abdominal tergite.
Oxybelus argentarius sp. nov.
9 . Length 6.5 to 7 mm. Clj'peus shining, impunctate on anterior
margin, the lateral angles prominent, and with a very obtuse angulation medi-
ally; head closely, moderately punctate throughout, covered with silver}' pubes-
cence, which is densest on the clj'peus, front and cheeks; distance between the
posterior ocelli a little more than twice the distance between one of them and
the nearest eye-margin; first joint of flagellum slightly longer than the second;
pronotum distinctly carinate anterior^, the carina forming a small sharp
tooth at the sides; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum closely, moderately punc-
tate; mesoscutellum and metanotum indistinctly, longitudinally carinate
medially; episterna sparsely, moderately punctate; squamae apparently
joined at the base (this is caused by the metanotum being yellow), lateral
points of the squamae rather long, sUghtly curved inwardly; metanotal spine
about as long as the mesoscutellum, narrow, channelled on the basal two-thirds,
slightly widened apically, squarely truncate at the tip; upper surface of pro-
podeum with a few weak, oblique striae, granulate between the striae; beneath
the spine reticulate and granulate; median area of posterior face of propodeum
triangular, rather small, glabrous within; sides of propodeum very finely
rugoso-punctate; thorax with thin, silvery pubescence, denser and very con-
spicuous on the mesoscutum, very dense on the upper surface of the propodeum
laterally; abdomen with fairly small, well separated punctures; first four
abdominal tergites with a narrow, silvery fascia apicall}'; two apical tergites
covered with blackish pubescence; pygidium triangular, shallowlj^ emarginate
TR.\NS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
3
432 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
at the apex. Color black; two small, lateral spots on the pronotum, posterior
lobes of the pronotum, two spots on the mesoscutellum, metanotum, inner
margins of the squamae, two small, lateral spots on the apical portion of the
first abdominal tergite, anterior tibiae within, apex of intermediate and pos-
terior femora, line on the basal portion of the intermediate and hind tibiae
outwardly, and apical joints of anterior and intermediate tarsi, all pale yellow-
ish; anterior tibiae within reddish; flagellum bright fulvous except the basal
two or three joints; mandibles piceous; eyes (dry) reddish; abdomen entirely
ferruginous except the first abdominal tergite; tegulae testaceous; wings hya-
line, nervures and stigma testaceous.
o^. XTjiknown.
Type, a female collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 9,
1908, (C. H. Gable). One paratype, a female collected at Glen,
Nebraska, August 13, 1906, on Cleome serrulata, (M. H. Swenk).
Related to glermisis H. S. Smith, but differs by having the
abdomen almost entirely ferruginous, two yellow spots on the
mesoscutellum and other minor characters.
Oxybelus umbrosus sp. nov.
o^. Length 4 to 4.5 mm. Clypeus tridentate; mandibles with a tooth
within; head strongly punctured, the punctures finer on the front; distance
between the posterior ocelli about three times the distance between one of
them and the nearest eye-margin; clypeus, front and cheeks covered with
silvery pubescence; pronotum carinate anteriorly; mesoscutum and meso-
scutellum strongly punctured; episterna strongly punctured throughout; meso-
scutellum and metanotum with a distinct, longitudijial, median carina; squamae
with the lateral points strongly curved inwardly; metanotal spine about as
long as the mesoscutellum, narrow, channelled, slightly broadened on the
apical third, and shallowly, angulately emarginate at the tip; upper surface of
propodeum obliquely striate; reticulate immediately beneath the spine; median
area of posterior face wedge-shaped, glabrous within; remainder of posterior
surface finely striato-punctate; sides of propodeum distinctly, transversely
striate; abdomen with moderate, well separated punctures. Color, black;
mandibles except the tips, minute lateral spots on the pronotum, posterior
lobes of the pronotum, Kne on anterior and intermediate tibiae outwardly,
spot at base of hind tibiae, all pale yellowish ; flagellum fulvous, darker above;
squamae and metanotal spine except basal fourth, pale, translucent; first
abdominal segment, all the remaining abdominal tergites (except the median
half which is black), and abdominal sternites, all ferruginous; all the femora
and tibiae (except as noted above) dark reddish; tegulae testaceous; wings
hyaline, nervures and stigma testaceous.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 4, 1908,
on Helianthus sp., (C. H. Gable). One paratype, a male collected
at Harrison, Nebraska, August 9, 1908, (R. W. Dawson).
CLARENCE E. MICKEL 433
A very distinct and easily recognizable species. The abdomen
is not at all marked with yellomsh, and is peculiarly colored in
that the median portion of the tergites is black and the sides of all
the tergites are ferruginous.
Oxybelus fastigatus sp. nov.
d^. Length 6 to 7 mm. Clypeus tridentate; head strongly, closely punc-
tate; distance between the two posterior ocelli about two and one-half times
the distance between one of them and the nearest eye-margin; first joint of
flagellum slightly longer than the second; pronotum carinate anteriorly; meso-
scutum and mesoscutellum very strongly, closely punctate; episterna punc-
tured likewise; mesoscutellum and metanotum with a distinct, longitudinal
carina; lateral points of squamae short, shghtly curved inwardly; metanotal
spine a little shorter than the length of the mesoscutellum, about half as wide
as long, shallowly channelled, shghtly dilated towards the apex, slightly emar-
ginate at the tip; propodeum above obliquely striate, punctate towards the
lateral margins; reticulate below the spine; median area of posterior face small,
triangular, slightly rugose and shining within; remainder of posterior face
closely punctate with a few striae near the margins; sides of propodeum dis-
tinctly, transversely striato-punctate; abdomen strongly punctate, apical
portions of tergites narrowly, silvery fasciate; tergites four to six with a well
developed spine on each side; clypeus and front with rather dense silvery pu-
bescence; remainder of body with thin, silvery pubescence. Color, black; a
linear, apical spot on each side of abdominal tergites one to four (those on the
fourth tergite very narrow and inconspicuous), pale yellowish; flagellum ful-
vous, slightly darker above; tegulae, abdominal segments five to seven, an-
terior tibiae and tarsi, all ferruginous; squamae pale, translucent; wings hya-
line, nervures and stigma testaceous.
9. Length 7 mm. Differs from the male as follows: metanotal spine
about two-thirds the length of the mesoscutellum, apical portion translucent;
median area of posterior face of propodeum a little larger and finely, trans-
versely rugose; two minute spots on the pronotum, posterior lobes of the pro-
notmn, small spot at the tip of the intermediate femora, small spot at the base
of the intermediate and hind tibiae, all pale yellowish; the abdominal spots
are more extended and almost united into bands; abdominal segments five to
six ferruginous.
Type, a male collected at Harrison, Nebraska, August 4, 1908,
(C. H. Gable). Allotype, a female collected at Ogallala, Ne-
braska, June 24, 1913, (R. W. Dawson). Four male paratypes
taken at Harrison, Nebraska, on August 4, 1908, (C. H. Gable),
and August 9, 1908, (R. W. Dawson). Visits flowers of Helian-
thus sp.
This species may be distinguished by the ferruginous apical
abdominal segments in both the male and femah;, by the strongly
TRANS. AM. ENT. SOC, XLII.
434 NEW SPECIES OF HYMENOPTERA
punctured abdomen, the sculpture of the propodeum and the
form of the metanotal spine.
Oxybelus major sp. nov.
cf. Length 12.5 mm. Clypeus strongly tridentate; head with very strong,
well separated punctures, those on the front much finer than those on the
vertex; distance between the two posterior ocelli about twice the distance be-
tween one of them and the nearest eye-margin; first joint of the flagellum dis-
tinctly longer than the second; clypeus and front with long, rather thick,
silvery pubescence; remainder of head with short, sparse, silvery pubescence;
pronotum not carinate its entire width, striato-punctate laterally; posterior
lobes of the pronotum carinate anteriorly, appearing dentate; mesoscutum
with large deep punctures, a longitudinal, median line anteriorly, and a dis-
tinct, linear fovea laterally near the tegulae; mesoscutellum and metanotimi
punctured like the mesoscutum, with a distinct, longitudinal, median carina;
episterna strongly punctate above, the punctures distinctly smaller toward
the posterior margin; episterna below coarsely, longitudinally rugoso-punctate;
episterna on the lower anterior margin and at the point of juncture with the
mesosternum, produced so as to form a very prominent ridge; very strongly
ridged before the intermediate coxae; lateral points of squamae rather short,
rounded, not sharp; spine narrow, deeply channelled (tip of spine broken off,
but evidently acute) ; upper surface of propodeum coarsely striato-punctate,
the striae becoming finer and closer towards the lateral margins; median area
of posterior face small, ahnond-shaped, deep, rugose within; remainder of
posterior face coarsely, transversely striato-punctate; sides of propodeum
strongly, transversely striate; abdomen with coarse, well separated punctures,
without any indication of lateral spines; first abdominal tergite with a longi-
tudinal, median depression; last tergite widely emarginate apically. Color,
black; small lateral spots on pronotum, posterior lobes of pronotum, narrow
line from postero-lateral angle of mesoscutellum to base of anterior wings,
line from metanotum to base of posterior wings, bands on the apical portion
of abdominal tergites one to four, wide at the sides, dilated and widely inter-
rupted medially, large spot on anterior and intermediate femora at the tips
outwardly, hne on all the tibiae outwardly, not reaching to the tips, all very
pale yellowish; flagellum black; anterior tibiae dark ferruginous within; tegulae
testaceous; wings tinged with yellowish, nervures and stigma light brown.
9 . Unknown.
Type, a male collected at South Bend, Nebraska, July 14,
1915, on Melilotus alba, (E. M. Partridge).
Related to albosignatus, but differs from that species in the
much larger size, the structure of the lower half of the episterna,
the sculpture of the posterior face of the propodeum and the
yellowish tinge to the wings.
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol XLII.
PI. I
ALEXANDER-SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI.
ALEXANDER— SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI III.
()
ALEXANDER -SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, \n\. XLIl.
PI. I\
ALEXANDER SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII
9/
S
PI. y
ALEXANDER^SOUTH AMERICAN TIPULIDAE
Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc. Vol. XLII.
PI. YI.
lO
12
13
14
REHN AND HEBARD -AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLll.
PI. VII.
11
12
13
14
10
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
t>
25
26
24
REHN AND HEBARD^AMERICAN TETTIGONIIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI. VIIl.
lO
CD W
13
Q
15
16
.zz
17
18
REHN AND HEBARD— AMERICAN TETTIGONHDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Sot-., Vol. XLII.
PI. IX.
E. T. CRESSON, JR. ^ AMERICAN EPHYDRIDAE
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI. X.
10
DIETZ— NORTH AMERICAN ORMOSIA
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI. XI.
10
20
f*) O Tl
\ 7 '^ ' 16 17
15
HEBARD— GENUS C.^RIBLATTA
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc-., Vol. XLII.
PI. XII.
TO
HEBARD— GENUS CARIBLATTA
Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc , \'ol. XLII.
PI. XIII.
7 MA
D Afj Ax a
HEB.ARD--GENUS CARIBLATTA
Trans. Am. Ent. 8oc., Vol. XLII.
PI. XIV.
21 '
REHN — BRAZILI.AN ORTHOPTERA
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLIl.
PI. XV
4t 42
REHN — BRAZILIAN ORTHOPTERA
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI. XVI.
HEBARD — ISCHNOPTERITES (BLATTIDAE)
Trans. Am. Eiit. Soc, Vol. XLIl.
PI. XVII.
HEBARD - ISCHNOPTERITES (BLATTIDAE)
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI. XVIII.
HEBARD — ISCHNOPTERITES (BLATTIDAE)
Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, Vol. XLII.
PI. XIX.
^^.___^.
^V^
HEBARD — ISCHNOPTERITES iBLATTIDAE)
Trans. Am. Ent. 8oc., Vol. XLIl.
PI. XX.
JOHANNSEN— NEW EASTERN ANTHOMYIIDAE
"I
CONTENTS
Studies in the Group Ischnopterites (Orthoptera, Blatti-
dae, Pseudomopinae) . By Morgan Hebard 337
(Issued November 15, 1916.)
New Eastern Anthomyiidae (Diptera). By O. A.
Johannsen ......•• 385
(Issued November 20, 1916.)
New Species of Hymenoptera of the Superfamily Sphec-
oidea. By Clarence E. Mickel .... 399
(Issued December 15, 1916.)
^f
3 9088 00907 1044
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